Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniela Giustarini, Aldo Milzani, Isabella Dalle-Donne, Ranieri Rossi
Summary: Glutathione (GSH) has special antioxidant properties due to its high concentration, ubiquity, and reactivity. In diseases where oxidative stress plays a role, GSH concentration is reduced, making cells more prone to damage. This review discusses strategies for increasing cellular GSH, including GSH itself, derivatives, activators, prodrugs, foods, and diets, as well as their mechanisms and advantages/disadvantages.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hiroki Yamamoto, Takuya Fujiwara, Takashi Funatsu, Makoto Tsunoda
Summary: This study developed a method for intracellular thiol quantification using HPLC-fluorescence detection. The method can separate six different SBD-thiols within 30 minutes and was used to quantify thiol concentrations in chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cell samples, as well as the time-dependent effect of a thiol scavenger, N-ethyl maleimide, on intracellular thiol concentrations. This method is useful for elucidating the role of intracellular sulfur metabolism.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shan-Shan Xue, Yuanyuan Li, Wei Pan, Na Li, Bo Tang
Summary: This feature article summarizes the progress of multi-stimuli-responsive probes, including organic molecules and metal complexes, for the detection of various biomarkers for bio-applications. The article focuses on the applications of organic-molecule- and metal-complex-based molecular probes in biological systems for detecting different biomarkers of cancer or other diseases. The current challenges and potential future directions of these probes for applications in biological systems are also discussed.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xingang Li, Yuanting Pang, Yiwang Zhong, Zhandong Cai, Qibin Ma, Ke Wen, Hai Nian
Summary: In this study, a tau-like glutathione transferase family gene named GmGSTU23 was identified in soybean, which showed a concentration-time-specific expression pattern in response to salt stress. Transgenic lines with GmGSTU23 displayed enhanced salt tolerance, root length, and fresh weight compared to the wild type. Changes in glutathione pools and associated enzyme activity were observed, indicating that GmGSTU23 enhances the activity of glutathione transferase to scavenge reactive oxygen species and glutathione, thereby conferring enhanced tolerance to salt stress in plants.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Konstantin Ostrenko, Roman Nekrasov, Anastasiya Ovcharova, Viktar Lemiasheuski, Ivan Kutin
Summary: This research aimed to study the effect of lithium ascorbate on the antioxidant status of pregnant sows and the level of lipid peroxidation products. The results showed that the use of lithium ascorbate can activate the antioxidant defense system, reduce the risk of oxidative stress, and have a positive effect on the gestation process.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Haolin Xin, Ning Yu, Qian Yang, Xuan Zou, Zhongping An, Guanen Zhou
Summary: Pyocyanin, a virulence factor secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, causes neuronal damage by disrupting mitochondrial syndrome and antioxidant defense, leading to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, certain antioxidant polyphenols can effectively protect against pyocyanin-induced neuronal cell damage. It has been found that the neuronal protective activity depends more on the structure than the residues, and pre-incubation of catechin activates an essential pathway involving the inverse correlation of ERK and AMPK phosphorylation. These findings provide a novel strategy to eliminate intracellular generated ROS and suggest the potential use of the investigated candidates as therapeutic agents against various ROS-related neurological diseases.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Peisi Liao, Hongmei Liu, Chunmao He
Summary: In this study, we developed a reliable method for the synthesis of human SelF and described the synthetic route in detail. The synthesis involved a desulfurization process and removal of protective groups, resulting in the production of a large quantity of homogenous SelF. The reduction potential and oxidoreductase activity of SelF were determined, supporting its proposed function.
Article
Cell Biology
Takujiro Homma, Sho Kobayashi, Junichi Fujii
Summary: This study found that ferroptosis occurs in the absence of cystine or methionine, leading to lipid peroxidation and cell cycle arrest. Surprisingly, the simultaneous deprivation of both cystine and methionine failed to induce ferroptosis, but supplementation with S-adenosylmethionine restored ferroptosis. The results suggest that elevated lipid peroxidation products during cell cycle progression are involved in ferroptosis execution under conditions of cysteine starvation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ashwini Sri Hari, Rajeswari Banerji, Li -Ping Liang, Ruth E. Fulton, Christopher Quoc Huynh, Timothy Fabisiak, Pallavi Bhuyan Mcelroy, James R. Roede, Manisha Patel
Summary: Elevation of glutathione (GSH) levels has been shown to decrease oxidative stress and seizure frequency, as well as rescue cognitive deficits in epilepsy. Treatment with dimercaprol (DMP), which increases cellular GSH, inhibits neuronal hyperexcitability and reduces seizures in vitro and in vivo. The redox-sensitive mTORC1 pathway may be a plausible link between GSH elevation and inhibition of neuronal hyperexcitability.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shuai Lu, Jinyi Zhou, Chen Yang, Xiaoxue Zhang, Yingying Shi, Jie Liu, Xintong Yan, Juanjuan Liang, Xianli Liu, Lan Luo, Da Zhou, Zhimin Yin
Summary: Gamma-GC exhibits anti-aging effects by reducing cell senescence and hippocampal damage in PC12 cells and aging mice. The protective effects of gamma-GC are mediated through the activation of AMPK and SIRT1 pathways.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sydney Marchi, Emma Lankford, Bradley Dorin, Eilidh Drummond, Sumner C. Thomas, Stephen A. Woski, John B. Vincent
Summary: The mutagenic and carcinogenic properties of chromium(VI) complexes are due to the formation of ternary Cr(III)-small molecule-DNA complexes. However, the properties of Cr(III)-cysteine-DNA, Cr(III)-ascorbate-DNA, and Cr(III)-glutathione-DNA complexes were examined and found that they do not measurably bind to DNA. Therefore, caution must be taken when interpreting biological studies involving these complexes.
BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lillian G. Ramirez-Palma, Adrian Espinoza-Guillen, Fabiola Nieto-Camacho, Alexis E. Lopez-Guerra, Virginia Gomez-Vidales, Fernando Cortes-Guzman, Lena Ruiz-Azuara
Summary: Evidence of an intermediate formed with cysteine in Casiopeina complexes may provide insight into the anticancer activity of copper complexes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yanchun Li, Jun Xia, Fangchun Shao, Yan Zhou, Jiaqi Yu, Hengyu Wu, Jing Du, Xueying Ren
Summary: The study reveals that sorafenib inhibits the viability, proliferation, and migration of HCC cells by inducing ferroptosis, which can be reversed by glutathione supplementation to reduce mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxides accumulation, enhancing HCC cells' vulnerability to sorafenib.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xiongying Yan, Xia Wang, Yongfu Yang, Zhen Wang, Haoyu Zhang, Yang Li, Qiaoning He, Mian Li, Shihui Yang
Summary: This study found that cysteine supplementation can enhance the tolerance of Z. mobilis to inhibitors and promote its bioethanol production. This is achieved by down-regulating cysteine biosynthesis and up-regulating cysteine catabolism. Cysteine supplementation can boost glutathione synthesis and H2S release, reducing oxidative stress caused by furfural, and promote cell growth by using pyruvate and glutamate as carbon or nitrogen sources.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Thavasilingam Nagendraraj, Sakthivel Vishnu Priya, Jamespandi Annaraj, Suresh Sagadevan
Summary: The primary biothiols, cysteine (Cys), glutathione (GSH), and homocysteine (Hcy), have crucial roles in various biological processes. Fluctuations in redox balance can lead to diseases due to disruptions in perfectly regulated intracellular and extracellular microenvironments. A study was conducted to develop copper-based fluorescence probes for detecting extracellular and intracellular targets such as cysteine (Cys) and glutathione (GSH) respectively. The fluorescence of the probes coordinated with Cu2+ is quenched by the binding of either Cys or GSH, resulting in retained Cu2+ ions.
COORDINATION CHEMISTRY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Thomas Roach, Nina Boeck, Nina Rittmeier, Erwann Arc, Ilse Kranner, Andreas Holzinger
Summary: The study reveals that the desiccation tolerance in Haematococcus pluvialis is related to the color of the cells, with red cells showing better tolerance. The mechanisms of desiccation tolerance include changes in cell ultra-structure and synthesis of astaxanthin-rich lipid bodies. The processes of acclimation to desiccation under low and high light conditions have overlapping components, such as accumulation of fatty acids, lipid bodies, and astaxanthin. Atmospheric exposure alone can trigger acclimation to desiccation, and photosynthesis powers this process, but high light stress and dehydration are not strictly necessary.
ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Siegfried Aigner, Erwann Arc, Michael Schletter, Ulf Karsten, Andreas Holzinger, Ilse Kranner
Summary: This study reports on the responses and metabolic adjustments to light, temperature, and desiccation in two algal strains, D. epiphytica and E. mirabilis. The results show that the desiccation-tolerant strain D. epiphytica accumulated more compatible solutes, while the desiccation-sensitive strain C. vulgaris showed greater variation in metabolite accumulation after desiccation and rehydration. These findings are important for understanding the adaptation mechanisms of microalgae.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Carlos Trujillo-Moya, Andrea Ganthaler, Wolfgang Stoeggl, Erwann Arc, Ilse Kranner, Silvio Schueler, Reinhard Ertl, Ana Espinosa-Ruiz, Maria Angeles Martinez-Godoy, Jan-Peter George, Stefan Mayr
Summary: This study investigated the defense and metabolic processes of resistant and susceptible genotypes of Norway spruce against needle rust disease. The key genes and metabolic pathways involved in spruce defense were identified, and the resistant genotype showed higher levels of resistance-related compounds.
Article
Plant Sciences
Guillaume Wos, Erwann Arc, Karl Huelber, Veronika Konecna, Adam Knotek, Doubravka Pozarova, Clara Bertel, Dominik Kaplenig, Terezie Mandakova, Gilbert Neuner, Peter Schoenswetter, Ilse Kranner, Filip Kolar
Summary: Parallel local adaptation, when different genetic lineages independently adapt to the same selective environment, was investigated in Arabidopsis arenosa populations from four distinct mountain regions. The study found that the populations exhibited similar adaptive responses to elevation difference, indicating parallel local adaptation. The results highlight the role of divergent selection and provide experimental support for the repeatability of adaptive evolution.
JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
D. Kaplenig, C. Bertel, E. Arc, R. Villscheider, M. Ralser, F. Kolar, G. Wos, K. Huelber, I Kranner, G. Neuner
Summary: The success or failure of plants in coping with freezing temperatures is crucial for their distribution and adaptation in new habitats. This study focused on the differentiation in freezing resistance, cold acclimation potential, and ice management strategies in alpine and foothill populations of Arabidopsis arenosa, revealing the importance of dynamic adjustment and evolutionary history in plant adaptation to alpine environments. The formation of an extracellular ice lens as a mechanism to avoid tissue damage during freezing is a novel finding with potential implications for plant survival in extreme cold conditions.
Article
Plant Sciences
Regina Ninoles, Dolores Planes, Paloma Arjona, Carmen Ruiz-Pastor, Ruben Chazarra, Joan Renard, Eduardo Bueso, Javier Forment, Ramon Serrano, Ilse Kranner, Thomas Roach, Jose Gadea
Summary: Understanding the genetic factors involved in seed longevity is crucial in agriculture and ecology. This study investigated the mechanisms behind differing seed longevity in Arabidopsis thaliana, revealing the importance of redox poise and stored mRNA in determining seed viability. Multiple factors contribute to seed longevity, including heat-shock factors and RNA regulation.
PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Thomas Roach, Theresa Baur, Ilse Kranner
Summary: The study found that singlet oxygen (O-1(2)) partially regulates light stress signaling in algae and plants, and beta-carotene molecules can quench O-1(2). In the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, beta-cyclocitral may down-regulate chlorophyll synthesis, but it does not seem to contribute to O-1(2)-mediated high light stress signaling.
Article
Plant Sciences
Clara Bertel, Dominik Kaplenig, Maria Ralser, Erwann Arc, Filip Kolar, Guillaume Wos, Karl Huelber, Andreas Holzinger, Ilse Kranner, Gilbert Neuner
Summary: The study investigated the leaf traits of alpine and foothill ecotypes of Arabidopsis arenosa and found significant differences in many traits, which may be plastic adjustments to the local environment rather than geographical origins.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vasily V. Ashapkin, Lyudmila I. Kutueva, Nadezhda I. Aleksandrushkina, Boris F. Vanyushin, Denitsa R. Teofanova, Lyuben I. Zagorchev
Summary: Parasitic plants extract nutrients from other plants to complete their life cycle and reproduction. The control of parasitic weeds is difficult due to their close physical association and biological relationship with their hosts. Recent progress in genome-wide analyses has revealed many new molecular details of the interactions between parasitic plants and their host plants, suggesting the involvement of both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Plant Sciences
Gregor Pichler, Lucia Muggia, Fabio Candotto Carniel, Martin Grube, Ilse Kranner
Summary: Lichens are unique fungal symbioses that can form a new structure together with photosynthetic partners. The signals involved in the transition from a free-living state to a symbiotic state, called lichenization, and the maintenance of the symbiosis are not well understood. This study synthesizes existing knowledge into a concept of signaling involved in lichenization, including five stages: pre-contact, contact, envelopment, incorporation, and differentiation. Compounds such as fungal lectins and algal cyclic peptides may initiate early contact, while phytohormone signaling, antioxidant protection, and carbon exchange are important throughout all stages.
Article
Plant Sciences
Manuela Nagel, Erwann Arc, Loic Rajjou, Gwendal Cueff, Marlene Bailly, Gilles Clement, Inmaculada Sanchez-Vicente, Christophe Bailly, Charlotte E. Seal, Thomas Roach, Hardy Rolletschek, Oscar Lorenzo, Andreas Boerner, Ilse Kranner
Summary: Seed quality is crucial for agricultural production, but it is affected by climate change. This study investigated the influence of drought and elevated temperature on key seed quality traits in two genotypes of barley. The results showed that different genotypes of barley had varying responses to drought and temperature stress, with differences in seed size, weight, and vigor. Transcription factors associated with environmental responses and seed dormancy were found to be more abundant in one genotype. Drought significantly reduced seed yield in both genotypes, while elevated temperature only affected seed size. Metabolite profiling revealed differences in metabolic processes between the embryos of the two genotypes, with drought affecting amino acid metabolism in both genotypes. This study could support future breeding efforts to develop lodging and drought-resistant barley varieties without compromising stress resistance and dormancy.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Thomas Roach, Gilbert Neuner, Ilse Kranner, Othmar Buchner
Summary: Heat and drought stresses are important topics in the context of climate change, especially in the Alps. A study found that alpine plants can gradually adapt to heat and achieve maximum tolerance within a week. The antioxidant mechanisms of Primula minima leaves that were heat hardened without or with additional drought stress were investigated. The results showed a weakened low-molecular-weight antioxidant defense but increased activity of antioxidant enzymes, particularly under drought conditions.
Review
Plant Sciences
Ivanela A. Albanova, Lyuben I. Zagorchev, Denitsa R. Teofanova, Mariela K. Odjakova, Lyudmila I. Kutueva, Vasily V. Ashapkin
Summary: Parasitic flowering plants are a diverse group of angiosperms that range from exotic species with limited distribution to prominent weeds that cause significant yield losses in agricultural crops. Their major damage is related to extracting water and nutrients from the host, resulting in decreased growth and seed production. Root parasites of the Orobanchaceae family and stem parasites of the Cuscuta genus are the most aggressive and damaging weeds, affecting both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous crops worldwide. Resistance cultivar selection is a promising approach to combat these weeds, but limited knowledge of host resistance mechanisms hinders its widespread use.
Meeting Abstract
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pablo Albertos, Immaculada Sanchez-Vicente, Jose Manuel Franco, Roberto Solano, David Gerna, Thomas Roach, Wolfgang Stoggl, Ilse Kranner, Julio Salina, Oscar Lorenzo
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pablo Albertos, Maria Immaculada Sanchez-Vicente, Jose Manuel Franco, Roberto Solano, David Gerna, Thomas Roach, Wolfgang Stoggl, Ilse Kranner, Julio Salina, Oscar Lorenzo
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)