Journal
FOOD CHEMISTRY
Volume 142, Issue -, Pages 334-341Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.074
Keywords
Antioxidants; Flavonoids; Mineral nutrition; Nitrogen deficiency; Phenolic metabolism
Funding
- European Regional Development Fund
- OP Education for Competitiveness (European Social Fund) [CZ.1.07/2.3.00/30.0017]
- OP Education for Competitiveness (state budget of the Czech Republic) [CZ.1.07/2.3.00/30.0017]
- [CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0068]
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Alternative tools, such as the manipulation of mineral nutrition, may affect secondary metabolite production and thus the nutritional value of food/medicinal plants. We studied the impact of nitrogen (N) nutrition (nitrate/NO3- or ammonium/NH4+ nitrogen) and subsequent nitrogen deficit on phenolic metabolites and physiology in Matricaria chamomilla plants. NH4+-fed plants revealed a strong induction of selected phenolic metabolites but, at the same time, growth, Fv/Fm, tissue water content and soluble protein depletion occurred in comparison with NO3--fed ones. On the other hand, NO3--deficient plants also revealed an increase in phenolic metabolites but growth depression was not observed after the given exposure period. Free amino acids were more accumulated in NH4+-fed shoots (strong increase in arginine and proline mainly), while the pattern of roots' accumulation was independent of N form. Among phenolic acids, NH4+ strongly elevated mainly the accumulation of chlorogenic acid. Within flavonoids, flavonols decreased while flavones strongly increased in response to N deficiency. Coumarin-related metabolites revealed a similar increase in herniarin glucosidic precursor in response to N deficiency, while herniarin was more accumulated in NO3- and umbelliferone in NH4+-cultured plants. These data indicate a negative impact of NH4+ as the only source of N on physiology, but also a higher stimulation of some valuable phenols. Nitrogen-induced changes in comparison with other food/crop plants are discussed. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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