Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jesus Fernandez-Felipe, Adrian Plaza, Gema Dominguez, Javier Perez-Castells, Victoria Cano, Francesco Cioni, Nuria Del Olmo, Mariano Ruiz-Gayo, Beatriz Merino
Summary: High-fat diets enriched with lauric acid do not increase leptin production and reduce the effect of leptin on kinase phosphorylation. Both high-fat diets affect adipocyte-size distribution and gene expression related to adipogenesis and inflammation. The composition of white adipose tissue is different between the two diets, which may impact the biophysical properties and signaling of leptin receptor.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Aleix Ribas-Latre, Kristin Eckel-Mahan
Summary: White adipose tissue is a metabolic organ that can retract and expand based on energy needs. It is made up of mature adipocytes and cells from the stromal vascular cell fraction. The circadian clock in adipose tissue plays a crucial role in maintaining the health and function of fat.
Article
Physiology
Alexander P. Cherkashin, Olga A. Rogachevskaja, Alexander A. Khokhlov, Natalia V. Kabanova, Marina F. Bystrova, Stanislav S. Kolesnikov
Summary: The current concept of taste transduction involves TASR/PLCβ2/IP3R3/TRPM5 axis in type II taste cells. DAG, a byproduct of PIP2 cleavage by PLCβ2, may play a role in taste transduction. DAG-gated channels are functional in type II cells but not in type I and type III cells, and contribute to the generator current triggered by taste stimulation in type II cells. Bitter stimuli and DAG analogs activate Ca2+ transients in type II cells, depends on Ca2+ influx through TRPC3 channels. Release of ATP from CV papillae is dependent on mucosal Ca2+, triggered by bitter stimuli and DAG analogs.
PFLUGERS ARCHIV-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Tainara C. Michelotti, Brent R. Kisby, Lauryn S. Flores, Alexandra P. Tegeler, Mohamed Fokar, Chiquito Crasto, Bruno C. Menarim, Shavahn C. Loux, Clarissa Strieder-Barboza
Summary: This study reveals the cellular diversity differences between visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in dairy cows at the single-nuclei level through snRNA-seq analysis. The visceral adipose tissue showed higher activation of immune and inflammatory response pathways and had a pro-inflammatory profile.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qian Wang, Dehai Li, Guangchao Cao, Qiping Shi, Jing Zhu, Mingyue Zhang, Hao Cheng, Qiong Wen, Hao Xu, Leqing Zhu, Hua Zhang, Rachel J. Perry, Olga Spadaro, Yunfan Yang, Shengqi He, Yong Chen, Baocheng Wang, Guangqiang Li, Zonghua Liu, Caixian Yang, Xiaoli Wu, Libing Zhou, Qinghua Zhou, Zhenyu Ju, Hongyun Lu, Yongjie Xin, Xiaoyong Yang, Cunchuan Wang, Yong Liu, Gerald I. Shulman, Vishwa Deep Dixit, Ligong Lu, Hengwen Yang, Richard A. Flavell, Zhinan Yin
Summary: Studies have shown that IL-27 plays a critical role in improving thermogenesis, countering obesity, and ameliorating insulin resistance, making it a promising target for anti-obesity immunotherapy.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ekin Guney, Ana Paula Arruda, Gunes Parlakgul, Erika Cagampan, Nina Min, Yankun Lee, Lily Greene, Eva Tsaousidou, Karen Inouye, Myoung Sook Han, Roger J. Davis, Gokhan S. Hotamisligil
Summary: Chronic metabolic inflammation, obesity, and diabetes are closely related to altered regulation of the Ca2+ channel inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) in adipocytes. Studies in mice have shown that adipocyte-specific loss of IP3R1/2 protects against adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance, indicating that targeting IP3R-mediated Ca2+ homeostasis in adipocytes could be a potential therapeutic approach for metabolic diseases.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Martha Hanschkow, Nathalie Boulet, Elena Kempf, Anne Bouloumie, Wieland Kiess, Robert Stein, Antje Korner, Kathrin Landgraf
Summary: MSCA1 and CD36 are associated with obesity-related alterations in children's adipose tissue, with CD36 expression predicting the adipogenic potential of SVF cells.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Janane F. Rahbani, Charlotte Scholtes, Damien M. Lagarde, Mohammed F. Hussain, Anna Roesler, Christien B. Dykstra, Jakub Bunk, Bozena Samborska, Shannon L. O'Brien, Emma Tripp, Alain Pacis, Anthony R. Angueira, Olivia S. Johansen, Jessica Cinkornpumin, Ishtiaque Hossain, Matthew D. Lynes, Yang Zhang, Andrew P. White, William A. Pastor, Maria Chondronikola, Labros Sidossis, Samuel Klein, Anastasia Kralli, Aaron M. Cypess, Steen B. Pedersen, Niels Jessen, Yu-Hua Tseng, Zachary Gerhart-Hines, Patrick Seale, Davide Calebiro, Vincent Giguere, Lawrence Kazak
Summary: The mechanism by which noradrenaline regulates adipocyte thermogenesis is not fully understood. This study reveals that the coordinated signaling of alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor and beta(3)-adrenergic receptor induces the expression of thermogenic genes of the futile creatine cycle. Various factors, such as early B cell factors, estrogen-related receptors, and PGC1 alpha, are required for this response in vivo.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Kuo-Tzu Sung, Jen-Yuan Kuo, Chun-Ho Yun, Yueh-Hung Lin, Jui-Peng Tsai, Chi-In Lo, Chih-Chung Hsiao, Yau-Huei Lai, Cheng-Ting Tsai, Charles Jia-Yin Hou, Cheng-Huang Su, Hung- Yeh, Chen-Yen Chien, Ta-Chuan Hung, Chung-Lieh Hung
Summary: Region-specific visceral adiposity may not equally discriminate baseline dysglycemia or diabetes, and showed differential predictive performance in new-onset diabetes. Our data suggested that interatrial fat may serve as a potential marker for new-onset diabetes.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Biology
Xiao Zhang, Hero Robles, Kristann L. Magee, Madelyn R. Lorenz, Zhaohua Wang, Charles A. Harris, Clarissa S. Craft, Erica L. Scheller
Summary: Bone marrow adipocytes accumulate with age and in diverse disease states. A novel secondary adipogenesis pathway unique to the bone marrow is activated with age and in states of metabolic stress, resulting in compromised lipid mobilization and cytokine expression within regions traditionally devoted to hematopoiesis. This finding further contributes to our understanding of bone marrow adipocyte origins, adaptations, and relationships with surrounding tissues.
Article
Orthopedics
Xueqin Cao, Leilei He, Rong Sun, Siyu Chen
Summary: This study examined the relationship between abdominal adipose tissue and bone mineral density (BMD) in a nationally representative sample of middle-aged adults in the US. The findings showed that abdominal adipose tissue, regardless of its location, may have a negative impact on BMD in middle-aged men, but this relationship was not observed in women. Higher abdominal adipose mass was also found to increase the risk of low BMD. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and investigate potential underlying mechanisms.
BMC MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Olga Kopach, Tetyana Pivneva, Nataliya Fedirko, Nana Voitenko
Summary: This study found that diabetic animals exhibit severe xerostomia characterized by reduced saliva flow rate, diminished total protein content, and decreased amylase activity. The impaired saliva production in diabetes is associated with reduced and delayed intracellular Ca2+ signals in submandibular acinar cells, caused by malfunctioning mitochondria. Targeting malfunctioning mitochondria may be a potential strategy for the treatment of diabetic xerostomia.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Valentina Annamaria Genchi, Rossella D'Oria, Giuseppe Palma, Cristina Caccioppoli, Angelo Cignarelli, Annalisa Natalicchio, Luigi Laviola, Francesco Giorgino, Sebastio Perrini
Summary: Leptin plays a crucial role in regulating energy balance and avoiding nutrient imbalance, with changes in its levels or action potentially leading to metabolic dysfunctions and adipose tissue expansion. The vicious cycle of hyperleptinaemia, leptin resistance, and leptin overproduction can result in increased food intake and fat enlargement. Additionally, defective thermoregulation and impaired leptin signaling in obesity highlight the importance of restoring leptin sensitivity and exploring novel anti-obesity therapeutic strategies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhengyan Zhang, Di Yang, Junwei Xiang, Jingwen Zhou, Hua Cao, Qishi Che, Yan Bai, Jiao Guo, Zhengquan Su
Summary: Thermogenic organs in mammals play a crucial role in increasing heat production and energy regulation. Targeting specific signalling pathways to enhance energy expenditure via brown adipose tissue may be a potential strategy for treating obesity and related diseases. Studies have shown that various natural products can promote thermogenesis through different signalling pathways, offering potential for future research on weight-loss nutraceuticals or drugs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Chantal R. Ryan, Michael S. Finch, Tyler C. Dunham, Jensen E. Murphy, Brian D. Roy, Rebecca E. K. MacPherson
Summary: This study suggests that creatine supplementation may affect mitochondrial markers in adipose tissue, leading to UCP1-independent thermogenesis. The responses to supplementation vary based on sex and depot-specific differences in adipose tissue.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Niroj Shrestha, Bernadett Bacsa, Hwei Ling Ong, Susanne Scheruebel, Helmut Bischof, Roland Malli, Indu Suresh Ambudkar, Klaus Groschner
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hans-Peter Hutter, Michael Poteser, Kathrin Lemmerer, Peter Wallner, Michael Kundi, Hanns Moshammer, Lisbeth Weitensfelder
Summary: A study in Ecuador found that farmworkers in conventional banana farming, which heavily relies on pesticides, experience higher rates of health symptoms compared to workers in organic farming. Symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue, skin and eye irritation were more prevalent in pesticide users, highlighting the need for improved safety measures and reduced pesticide use in order to protect the health of banana farmworkers.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Microscopy
Ruth Schmidt, Manfred Nachtnebel, Martina Dienstleder, Sabrina Mertschnigg, Hartmuth Schroettner, Armin Zankel, Michael Poteser, Hans-Peter Hutter, Wolfgang Eppel, Harald Fitzek
Summary: This study focuses on the analysis of NPs within the 100 nm range in challenging environments, using a correlative approach between scanning electron microscopy and Raman microscopy. Promising detection limits were found, with practical tests revealing limitations in reliable identification of unknown NPs. Combining this approach with advanced sample preparation techniques could yield a powerful tool for NPs analysis in various environments.
Article
Biophysics
Agrim Gupta, Christian Manuel Kitzler, Petr Rathner, Marc Fahrner, Herwig Grabmayr, Adriana Rathner, Christoph Romanin, Norbert Muller
Summary: The protein STIM1 is crucial for store-operated calcium entry and changes from an inactive to an active form in response to calcium depletion. Studies of STIM1's CC3 domain are important for understanding its role in stabilizing the inactive form and activating the ORAI calcium channel.
BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hanns Moshammer, Michael Poteser, Lisbeth Weitensfelder
Summary: In the turbulent year of 2020, Austria experienced multiple waves of COVID-19 outbreaks. A retrospective analysis revealed correlations between political orientation, smoking behavior, and the risk and mortality of COVID-19. These findings provide ecological parameters that can be utilized in future pandemic challenges.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Christina Humer, Christoph Romanin
Summary: The STIM family plays an important role in cellular calcium homeostasis and signal transduction, with STIM1 and STIM2 showing essential functional differences.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hazel Erkan-Candag, Amy Clarke, Oleksandra Tiapko, Mathias A. F. Gsell, Thomas Stockner, Klaus Groschner
Summary: Coordination of lipids within TRPCs channels is crucial for their Ca2+ signaling function. Researchers identified two lipid interaction sites, L1 and L2, which rapidly accumulate diacylglycerols (DAGs) and enhance TRPC3 currents.
Article
Biology
Hande Yapislar, Ebru Haciosmanoglu, Turkan Sarioglu, Sevgin Degirmencioglu, Ibrahim Sogut, Michael Poteser, Cem Ekmekcioglu
Summary: The study demonstrated that melatonin has anti-inflammatory effects in type 2 diabetic rats, reducing various blood parameters and decreasing expression of inflammatory markers in liver and adipose tissues. The results also suggest the involvement of the MT2 receptor in mediating the protective effects of melatonin.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Michael Poteser, Federica Laguzzi, Thomas Schettgen, Nina Vogel, Till Weber, Aline Murawski, Phillipp Schmidt, Maria Ruther, Marike Kolossa-Gehring, Sonia Namorado, An Van Nieuwenhuyse, Brice Appenzeller, Edda Dufthaksdottir, Kristin Olafsdottir, Line Smastuen Haug, Cathrine Thomsen, Fabio Barbone, Valentina Rosolen, Loic Rambaud, Margaux Riou, Thomas Goen, Stefanie Nuebler, Moritz Schaefer, Karin H. A. Zarrabi, Liese Gilles, Laura Rodriguez Martin, Greet Schoeters, Ovnair Sepai, Eva Govarts, Hanns Moshammer
Summary: This report summarizes the results of the HBM4EU project and associated studies regarding acrylamide exposure levels. The findings show an increasing trend in acrylamide exposure in children, while the trend is less significant in adults and smokers. The average acrylamide exposure still exceeds suggested benchmark levels, raising specific concerns for children. Further research is needed to confirm the declining trend observed in recent years.
Article
Cell Biology
Sanja Curcic, Hazel Erkan-Candag, Johannes Pilic, Roland Malli, Patrick Wiedner, Oleksandra Tiapko, Klaus Groschner
Summary: Communication between TRPC channels and IP3 receptors plays a crucial role in generating specific Ca2+ signaling patterns. TRPC3-mediated Ca2+ entry controls IP3R activity, determining the characteristics of Ca2+ signals and downstream signaling specificity.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Michael Poteser, Federica Laguzzi, Thomas Schettgen, Nina Vogel, Till Weber, Philipp Zimmermann, Domenica Hahn, Marike Kolossa-Gehring, Sonia Namorado, An Van Nieuwenhuyse, Brice Appenzeller, Thorhallur I. Halldorsson, Asa Eiriksdottir, Line Smastuen Haug, Cathrine Thomsen, Fabio Barbone, Valentina Rosolen, Loic Rambaud, Margaux Riou, Thomas Goeen, Stefanie Nuebler, Moritz Schaefer, Karin Haji Abbas Zarrabi, Liese Gilles, Laura Rodriguez Martin, Greet Schoeters, Ovnair Sepai, Eva Govarts, Hanns Moshammer
Summary: Acrylamide, a potential carcinogen, has been found in common dietary products and tobacco smoke. The European Commission has taken measures to reduce its content in food. The HBM4EU project shows an overall increase in acrylamide exposure between 2001 and 2017, but a decline in exposure values after 2018. Regional differences do not affect the overall time trend of exposure.
Review
Neurosciences
Matthias Sallinger, Herwig Grabmayr, Christina Humer, Daniel Bonhenry, Christoph Romanin, Rainer Schindl, Isabella Derler
Summary: STIM proteins are ER-transmembrane proteins that act as Ca2+ sensors and interact with Orai proteins to activate the CRAC channel. The activation of STIM requires the depletion of ER Ca2+ store, and the conformational dynamics of STIM are associated with disease.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ferdinand Horvath, Sascha Berlansky, Lena Maltan, Herwig Grabmayr, Marc Fahrner, Isabella Derler, Christoph Romanin, Thomas Renger, Heinrich Krobath
Summary: STIM1 is a protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane that senses the concentration of calcium ions and plays a role in the activation of calcium channels. Through molecular docking simulations, a structural model of the resting state of STIM1 was established, and the binding interface was analyzed using molecular dynamics simulations. Experimental results confirmed the validity of the model and provided insights into the conformational dynamics of the resting state of STIM1.
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Isabella Derler, Christoph Romanin
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Klaus Groschner
Summary: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is crucial for cellular calcium signaling, with IP3R channels playing a key role in regulating calcium levels. Recent research has uncovered a previously overlooked function of IP3R1 in neurons, showing its involvement in supporting STIM/Orai-mediated store-operated calcium entry (SOCE).
