Article
Plant Sciences
Naoki Shinohara, Kazuhiko Nishitani
Summary: This study reveals that the non-plant origin of the XTH family is from ExoKs in Alphaproteobacteria, not licheninases in Firmicutes as previously believed, with the relevant HGT event traced back to the Cryogenian geological period, supporting the adaptation of plants and fungi to the ancient icy environment.
PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jorick Franceus, Jolien Lormans, Lore Cools, Matthias D'hooghe, Tom Desmet
Summary: The study demonstrates significant phosphorylase activity can be established in GH3 glycoside hydrolases through single-site substitutions and further optimized through mutational paths. These findings suggest new insights into developing phosphorylases and provide a novel approach for future research in this field.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xi Jiang, Qing Yang
Summary: Glycoside hydrolase family 20 (GH20) and GH84 are involved in glycoprotein modification, metabolism, and degradation, with potential applications in disease treatment and plant protection. The challenges lie in designing highly selective inhibitors due to the similarity of their active sites. Understanding the catalytic mechanism and substrate binding mode of Hex and OGA provides crucial information for inhibitor design.
BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Hui Feng, Dongmei Zhou, Paul Daly, Xiaoyu Wang, Lihui Wei
Summary: The rice white tip nematode Aphelenchoides besseyi harbors a higher number of GH16s compared with other plant-parasitic nematodes. Two GH16 genes, AbGH16-1 and AbGH16-2, play important roles in feeding on fungi, and silencing them reduces the nematode's reproduction ability.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kedar Sharma, Carlos M. G. A. Fontes, Shabir Najmudin, Arun Goyal
Summary: The alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase from Clostridium thermocellum displays a modular architecture, enhancing catalytic efficiency. Molecular dynamics simulation analysis reveals higher flexibility in its C-terminal module. Small angle X-ray scattering analysis indicates an elongated structure of the enzyme.
JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Alei Geng, Meng Jin, Nana Li, Zhuowei Tu, Daochen Zhu, Rongrong Xie, Qianqian Wang, Jianzhong Sun
Summary: Glycoside hydrolase family 43 (GH43) is a major source of arabinan- and arabinoxylan-active enzymes. This study focuses on the GH43 genes in the efficient lignocellulose degrader Hungateiclostridium clariflavum DSM 19,732, and identifies three enzymes (Abn43A, Abn43B, and Abn43C) with unique activities towards arabinan degradation. The synergistic effect of these enzymes is also demonstrated, leading to increased arabinose production.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lucy I. Crouch, Paulina A. Urbanowicz, Arnaud Basle, Zhi-Peng Cai, Li Liu, Josef Voglmeir, Javier M. Melo Diaz, Samuel T. Benedict, Daniel I. R. Spencer, David N. Bolam
Summary: The human colonic microbiota can utilize complex glycans as a source of nutrients. Gut microbes have a diverse array of carbohydrate-active enzymes that can degrade plant N-glycans. The discovery of these enzymes provides a potential tool for modifying plant N-glycans for various applications.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dan-dan Li, Jin-lan Wang, Ya Liu, Yue-zhong Li, Zheng Zhang
Summary: Glycoside hydrolases (GHs) have multiple evolutionary origins and are structurally derived from 27 homologous superfamilies and 16 folds, with a bias towards a few superfamilies and folds. Different superfamilies exhibit variations in enzyme function, with some showing extreme functional diversity that is highly correlated with sequence diversity. Convergent evolution is observed in over one-third of glycosidase activities, especially in the degradation functions of GHs on polysaccharides.
COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Casey Crooks, Nathan J. Bechle, Franz J. St John
Summary: This study characterized a non-reducing terminal (NRT)-specific xylobiohydrolase AcXbh30A, which strictly cleaves xylobiose from the NRT with minimal other hydrolysis products under optimized reaction conditions. This new xylobiohydrolase may be useful for commercial production of industrial quantities of xylobiose.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Dianyi Li, Zheng Wang, Yong Yu, Huirong Li, Wei Luo, Bo Chen, Guoqing Niu, Haitao Ding
Summary: A novel GH2 beta-galactosidase from Marinomonas sp. BSi20584 was successfully expressed in E. coli and showed stable soluble form. The purified enzyme had a specific activity of 96.827 U mg(-1) at 30 degrees C using ONPG as a substrate. It had an optimum pH of 7.0 and an optimum temperature of 50 degrees C. The enzyme's activity was enhanced by some divalent cations and inhibited by EDTA. Despite being derived from a cold-adapted strain, the enzyme exhibited considerable stability against various physical and chemical elements. It also showed activity towards rare substrates. The enzyme is a promising candidate for the industrial application of beta-galactosidase.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Huitang Qi, Xi Jiang, Yi Ding, Tian Liu, Qing Yang
Summary: Kasugamycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, has been found to be a competitive inhibitor of glycoside hydrolase family 18 (GH18) chitinases in various organisms. It was discovered that the electrostatic interaction between kasugamycin and a conserved aspartate in GH18 chitinase is vital for its inhibitory activity. This research not only identifies new molecular targets of kasugamycin but also expands the understanding of GH inhibitor design by utilizing a scaffold unrelated to the substrate.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Ryoji Shinya, Haru Kirino, Hironobu Morisaka, Yuko Takeuchi-Kaneko, Kazuyoshi Futai, Mitsuyoshi Ueda
Summary: The study identified that the secreted proteins Bx-GH30 and Bx-CAT2 play a crucial role in the virulence of B. xylophilus in host pine trees, potentially contributing to pine wilt disease.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Laura Plaza-Vinuesa, Oswaldo Hernandez-Hernandez, Ana Sanchez-Arroyo, Jose M. Cumella, Nieves Corzo, Ana M. Munnoz-Labrador, F. Javier Moreno, Blanca de las Rivas, Rosario Munoz
Summary: This study confirmed the myrosinase-like activity of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WCFS1, indicating that glucosinolates in this strain may undergo phosphorylation and the glycosidases belonging to the GH1 family are involved in the hydrolysis of phosphorylated glucosinolates.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anders Lonstrup Hansen, Johanna M. Koivisto, Signe Simonsen, Zehui Dong, Ramon Crehuet, Dennis K. Hansen, Martin Willemoes
Summary: The study identified the importance of Asp-682 and a conserved water molecule in the activation of the catalytic nucleophile in endo-alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase EngBF. Mutagenesis experiments showed that His-685, His-718, and the catalytic water molecule are also crucial for catalytic activity.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shubha Singh, Jebin Ahmed, Parmeshwar Vitthal Gavande, Carlos M. G. A. Fontes, Arun Goyal
Summary: This study investigated the structure and function of family 30 glycoside hydrolase from Ruminococcus flavefaciens. The results revealed the catalytic residues and ligand binding characteristics of the enzyme. Experimental techniques were used to validate the structural features and stability of the enzyme, providing various conformational information in solution.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Hrmova, Matthew Gilliham, Stephen D. Tyerman
BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS
(2020)
Article
Plant Sciences
Merve Seven, U. Cem Derman, Andrew J. Harvey
Summary: Xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase (XTH) enzymes have been found to exhibit broad substrate specificities, including cellulose analogues and mixed-link beta-glucans, in addition to the standard xyloglucan. This discovery opens up a wide range of potential roles for these enzymes, both within plants and in various industries. Furthermore, genome screening and expression analyses suggest that the XTH genes in the "ancestral" clades are unique to angiosperms, predominantly expressed in reproductive tissues, leading to the proposal of renaming this phylogenetic group as the group-IV clade.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Hrmova, Syed Sarfraz Hussain
Summary: Transcription factors (TFs) are crucial for plant stress responses, and understanding the relationship between their structure and function can help in designing strategies to enhance plant stress tolerance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhen-Lian Han, Meng Chen, Xiao-Dan Fu, Min Yang, Maria Hrmova, Yuan-Hui Zhao, Hai-Jin Mou
Summary: Food-derived oligosaccharides, specifically potassium alginate oligosaccharides (PAO), have shown promising therapeutic potential in lowering blood pressure by altering the gut microbiota composition and increasing microbial diversity. This study found that PAO administration led to significant decreases in systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure, as well as protective effects in preventing heart failure by down-regulating certain genes and reducing the concentrations of certain peptides in plasma. Additionally, PAO was observed to decrease the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio in the gut microbiota, suggesting a potential mechanism for its cardiovascular protective effects.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Hrmova
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stefanie Wege, Jiaen Qiu, Caitlin Byrt, Kelly Houston, Robbie Waugh, Matthew Gilliham, Maria Hrmova
Summary: The deletion of M372 in HvHKT1;5 can restore plasma membrane localization but not Na+ conductance, with distinct structural differences compared to the L189 variant and M372del mutants. This indicates that the M372del variant plays a key role in determining protein localization, while restoration of conductance would require further interventions.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES
(2021)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Matthew Gilliham, Maria Hrmova
Summary: The recent study by Wang et al. revealed the structure of ALMT1, shedding light on its function and presenting new research opportunities in the field of plant tolerance to aluminum.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Agnes Horvathova, Vladimir Farkas
Summary: Chitin exists in yeast cells both freely and bound to beta-glucan in a complex. Inhibition of Crh1 and Crh2 enzymes by N-acetyl-chito-oligosaccharides can increase alkali-soluble chitin, decrease chitin linked to beta-glucans, and prolong yeast lag phase.
FOLIA MICROBIOLOGICA
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Hrmova, Barbora Stratilova, Eva Stratilova
Summary: Plant xyloglucan:xyloglucosyl transferases (XETs) play crucial roles in plant cell wall dynamics and mechanics. XET enzymes catalyze transglycosylation reactions and are involved in cell wall assembly and modifications. Studying plant XETs can help to understand the structure and function of cell walls.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Barbora Stratilova, Eva Stratilova, Maria Hrmova, Stanislav Kozmon
Summary: In this study, the basis of acceptor substrate binding specificity in Xyloglucan endotransglycosylases (XETs) was investigated using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. The research found that the linear acceptors with specific types of glycosidic linkages were stably bound in the active sites of certain XETs, while acceptors with different glycosidic linkages showed different binding stability. This study provides insights into the differences in acceptor binding specificity between different types of XETs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sukanya Luang, Xavier Fernandez-Luengo, Alba Nin-Hill, Victor A. Streltsov, Julian G. Schwerdt, Santiago Alonso-Gil, James R. Ketudat Cairns, Stephanie Pradeau, Sebastien Fort, Jean-Didier Marechal, Laura Masgrau, Carme Rovira, Maria Hrmova
Summary: In this study, the researchers investigate the binding and conformational behavior of beta-D-glucosides in the barley beta-D-glucan glucohydrolase. They find that the Trp286/Trp434 clamp plays a crucial role in substrate hydrolysis. Mutations in the clamp affect processive catalysis, and phylogenomic analysis reveals the evolutionary advantage of the tryptophan clamp.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Hrmova, Julian G. Schwerdt
Summary: This article discusses the difference between processive and distributive catalysis in enzyme conversion. It focuses on the processive catalysis in glycoside hydrolases, particularly the substrate-product-assisted processive catalysis in the GH3 family enzymes. The study of GH3 enzymes provides valuable insights for theoretical and practical applications in bioengineering.
BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Barbora Stratilova, Sergej Sestak, Eva Stratilova, Kristina Vadinova, Stanislav Kozmon, Maria Hrmova
Summary: The study investigates the functionality of carboxyl-terminal residues in TmXET6.3 enzyme and finds that it can affect the substrate recognition. The introduction of positively charged residues in the carboxyl-terminal region plays a significant role in the transfer of xyloglucan fragments.
Article
Plant Sciences
Maria Hrmova, Jochen Zimmer, Vincent Bulone, Geoffrey B. Fincher
Summary: Recent breakthroughs in structural biology have provided valuable insights into enzymes involved in plant cell wall metabolism. Specifically, the mechanisms of (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan synthesis and modification have been elucidated through biochemical analyses, cryogenic-electron microscopy, protein structure predictions, and X-ray crystallography. These findings contribute to a better understanding of plant cell wall metabolism and have implications for potential applications in biotechnology and agriculture.
Article
Plant Sciences
Hulya Akdemir, Merve Seven, U. Cem Derman, Andrew J. Harvey
Summary: This study investigated the XTH gene family in barley, providing a detailed analysis of protein structure, phylogenetic relationships, and expression patterns. The findings revealed significant variations in expression patterns and tissue specificity among different XTH genes. The study also suggested that highly expressed XTH genes might catalyze reactions with other cell wall polysaccharides.
TURKISH JOURNAL OF BOTANY
(2022)