Article
Immunology
Jaime Fergie, Mina Suh, Xiaohui Jiang, Jon P. Fryzek, Tara Gonzales
Summary: This study found an increase in the burden and severity of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalizations and all-cause bronchiolitis hospitalizations among otherwise healthy 29-34 weeks' gestational age infants aged <6 months after 2014. The American Academy of Pediatrics' recommendation change regarding palivizumab usage may have contributed to this increase.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alessandro Rocca, Carlotta Biagi, Sara Scarpini, Arianna Dondi, Silvia Vandini, Luca Pierantoni, Marcello Lanari
Summary: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the main cause of acute respiratory tract infections in children worldwide, and while only symptomatic treatment is available, passive immune prevention methods are being developed for all infants. The high cost of passive immunoprophylaxis limits its prescription to high-risk children, though most hospitalized RSV-infected children do not fully meet the criteria for immune prophylaxis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Pediatrics
Akshita Soni, S. K. Kabra, Rakesh Lodha
Summary: RSV is a highly contagious respiratory virus that can cause mild to severe illness in children, with lower respiratory tract infections being the most common in infants. In the post-COVID period, there has been an increase in RSV cases possibly due to decreased immunity. Symptoms of RSV infection include fever, runny nose, and cough, with severe cases leading to bronchiolitis or pneumonia. Supportive care is the main treatment option, although oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation may be needed in severe cases. Promising advances have been made in RSV vaccine development, with two vaccines approved for use in older adults.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Natividad Viguria, Ana Navascues, Regina Juanbeltz, Alberto Echeverria, Carmen Ezpeleta, Jesus Castilla
Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness of palivizumab in preventing respiratory syncytial virus infections in high-risk children under 2 years old. The results showed a significant reduction in laboratory-confirmed cases and hospitalizations among children who received palivizumab. However, even with palivizumab prophylaxis, the risk of illness remains high, indicating the need for additional preventive measures.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Harrison C. Bergeron, Ralph A. Tripp
Summary: Nirsevimab (MEDI8897) is a monoclonal antibody targeting the RSV F protein with an extended half-life, developed for the prevention of LRTI caused by RSV. It is a next-generation RSV medicine that only requires a single dose to protect infants for the entire RSV season. Despite the approval of nirsevimab, there is still a need for more effective RSV vaccines and treatments.
EXPERT OPINION ON INVESTIGATIONAL DRUGS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Samuel K. Lai, Morgan D. McSweeney, Raymond J. Pickles
Summary: This paper highlights the challenges faced by mAb-based immunotherapies for COVID-19 by analyzing previous efforts to advance antiviral mAbs for other acute respiratory infections. Evidence supporting early intervention through inhaled delivery of mAbs with vibrating mesh nebulizers immediately following a positive diagnosis is presented as a promising approach for the treatment of COVID-19.
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kentaro Tamura, Kenta Matsumura, Akiko Tsuchida, Taketoshi Yoshida, Hidekuni Inadera
Summary: This study examines the risk of common childhood infections in preterm infants compared to full-term infants and suggests that Palivizumab prophylaxis can reduce the frequencies of lower respiratory tract infection in preterm infants to the same level as in full-term infants.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Federico Bertoglio, Doris Meier, Nora Langreder, Stephan Steinke, Ulfert Rand, Luca Simonelli, Philip Alexander Heine, Rico Ballmann, Kai-Thomas Schneider, Kristian Daniel Ralph Roth, Maximilian Ruschig, Peggy Riese, Kathrin Eschke, Yeonsu Kim, Dorina Schaeckermann, Mattia Pedotti, Philipp Kuhn, Susanne Zock-Emmenthal, Johannes Woehrle, Normann Kilb, Tobias Herz, Marlies Becker, Martina Grasshoff, Esther Veronika Wenzel, Giulio Russo, Andrea Kroeger, Linda Brunotte, Stephan Ludwig, Viola Fuehner, Stefan Daniel Kraemer, Stefan Duebel, Luca Varani, Gunter Roth, Luka Cicin-Sain, Maren Schubert, Michael Hust
Summary: COVID-19 is a severe acute respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, which utilizes human ACE2 enzyme as receptor for cell entry. Researchers have used phage display to select anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies from universal antibody gene libraries, showing potential inhibition of infection.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Dvir Gatt, Isaac Martin, Rawan AlFouzan, Theo J. J. Moraes
Summary: RSV is a common cause of severe lower respiratory tract disease, particularly in young children, but there is currently no approved vaccine for prevention. In the past two decades, significant advancements have been made in understanding RSV's pathogenesis and immunopathology, leading to the development of potential vaccines and successful implementation of passive immunization. This review provides an update on current treatment options for acute RSV disease and different therapeutic approaches for RSV prevention.
Article
Immunology
Varun Ektare, John Lang, Yoonyoung Choi, Lyn Finelli
Summary: Using a literature-based decision-tree model, the study estimated the annual burden of medically-attended respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and non-LRTI episodes in the US for infants and high-risk toddlers. The analysis showed that long-acting monoclonal antibody (mAb) intervention was the most effective in reducing the number of RSV episodes.
Editorial Material
Immunology
Erin Sparrow, Ifedayo Adetifa, Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk, Thomas Cherian, Deshayne B. Fell, Barney S. Graham, Bruce Innis, David C. Kaslow, Ruth A. Karron, Harish Nair, Kathleen M. Neuzil, Samir Saha, Peter G. Smith, Padmini Srikantiah, Fred Were, Heather J. Zar, Daniel Feikin
Summary: This article summarizes the preferred product characteristics for monoclonal antibodies to prevent severe RSV disease in infants, as published by the World Health Organization. It discusses key considerations for future access and use of these preventive antibodies.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Sarah C. J. Jorgensen
Summary: RSV is a major cause of hospitalization and infant mortality worldwide. Currently, there are no approved vaccines against RSV. However, Nirsevimab is a highly potent, long-acting, human, recombinant mAb that has received approval for preventing RSV infection in newborns and infants for their first RSV season. It targets a conserved site on the prefusion conformation of the RSV fusion (F) protein and contains a triple amino acid substitution in the Fc domain to extend its half-life.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Akiko Kamori, Yuya Morooka, Kenichiro Yamamura, Pin Fee Chong, Noriko Kuga, Yasushi Takahata, Koichi Sagawa, Kenji Furuno
Summary: This study found that delaying the administration of palivizumab at the beginning of the RSV season increases the rate of RSV infection-related hospitalization. Administering the first dose of palivizumab early in the season is crucial to maximize prophylactic effectiveness, with priority given to cyanotic children or those living with siblings.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Alasdair P. S. Munro, Federico Martinon-Torres, Simon B. Drysdale, Saul N. Faust
Summary: This review discusses the current global burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in infants and its implications for morbidity, health resources, and economic costs. It highlights the development of new prophylactic therapies, such as long-acting monoclonal antibodies, that could protect healthy infants and has the potential to alleviate the burden on healthcare systems.
CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Kee Thai Yeo, Chee Fu Yung, Poh Choo Khoo, Seyed Ehsan Saffari, Jane Swee Peng Sng, Mee See How, Bin Huey Quek
Summary: The study showed that palivizumab prophylaxis was effective in reducing RSV hospitalization among high-risk preterm infants of <32 weeks' gestation within the initial 6 months after discharge in a tropical setting with year-round RSV circulation.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
