Article
Neurosciences
Tokiharu Sato, Yuka Nakamura, Akinori Takeda, Masaki Ueno
Summary: The study found that after stroke, remaining contralesional motor and sensory CST axons crossed the midline and sprouted into the denervated side of the cervical spinal cord in a large cortical area. However, in smaller strokes, contralesional CST fibers did not sprout, while ipsilesional axons from spared motor areas grew on the denervated side. The research also showed that motor and sensory CST axons did not innervate the projecting areas mutually when either one was injured.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Frances S. Hausmann, John M. Barrett, Megan E. Martin, Huiqing Zhan, Gordon M. G. Shepherd
Summary: This study used MAPseq to investigate the diversity of brainstem branching patterns of the pyramidal tract projections from the forelimb-related areas of the motor cortex. The results showed high yet systematic diversity in PT axons at the level of brainstem projection patterns. The projections from M1 and M2 were qualitatively similar, but with quantitative differences in subclasses and clusters.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Robert J. Morecraft, Kimberly S. Stilwell-Morecraft, Jizhi Ge, Alexander Kraskov, Roger N. Lemon
Summary: The study found no somatotopic organization of CST fibers passing through the CVJ or contralateral LCST. All CST fibers in the CVJ and LCST appear to be equally susceptible to focal or diffuse injury, regardless of their cortical origin. The dispersed and intermingled nature of frontomotor fibers may play an important role in motor recovery after cervical iSCI.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Masahiro Sawada, Kimika Yoshino-Saito, Taihei Ninomiya, Takao Oishi, Toshihide Yamashita, Hirotaka Onoe, Masahiko Takada, Yukio Nishimura, Tadashi Isa
Summary: This study investigates the morphologic changes in the corticospinal tract (CST) after injury, and reveals that multiple reorganizations of the corticospinal projections to spinal segments contribute to the recovery of hand function after spinal cord injury.
Review
Anatomy & Morphology
Mendel Castle-Kirszbaum, Tony Goldschlager
Summary: Pyramidal weakness, a key feature of the upper motor neuron syndrome, is not directly related to the pyramidal tract and may be caused by lesions in the corticofugal fibers. Lesions above the brainstem are likely to be the trigger for pyramidal weakness, and the inherently greater strength of antigravity muscles may play a role in this phenomenon. Further myometric studies are needed to test these hypotheses.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Linglong Xiao, Huaping Zheng, Jing Li, Meiqin Zeng, Dian He, Jianhao Liang, Kaijian Sun, Yunhao Luo, Feng Li, Baohong Ping, Wen Yuan, Hongwei Zhou, Qinghua Wang, Haitao Sun
Summary: This study investigated the effects of selective NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 on gut microbiota and corticospinal tract (CST) injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The results showed that MCC950 modulated gut microbiota, alleviated CST injury located in the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord, and ameliorated neurological deficits after ICH.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Zijue Wang, Hongmei Duan, Fei Hao, Peng Hao, Wen Zhao, Yudan Gao, Yiming Gu, Jianren Song, Xiaoguang Li, Zhaoyang Yang
Summary: An implanted NT3-chitosan scaffold can recruit neural stem cells to the lesion region and lead to the formation of functional neural circuits, promoting recovery after spinal cord injury. The scaffold facilitates the maturation of spinal neurons and the reestablishment of neural circuits, allowing for the recovery of neuromuscular function. This finding highlights the importance of the NT3-chitosan scaffold in promoting functional recovery after paraplegia.
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Hisham Sharif, Heather Alexander, Anika Azam, John H. Martin
Summary: The study found that dual epidural motor cortex intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) and cathodal transcutaneous spinal direct stimulation (tsDCS) enhance the efficacy of rehabilitation in improving motor function after spinal cord injury (SCI). Stimulation+rehabilitation group showed increased corticospinal tract axon length caudal to the injury, reduced proprioceptive afferent terminal labeling in the intermediate zone, and a negative correlation between afferent fiber terminal labeling and motor recovery.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Joseph Kedra, Shen Lin, Almudena Pacheco, Gianluca Gallo, George M. Smith
Summary: This study found that injured axonal mitochondria become fragmented and stay that way for two weeks before returning to pre-injury lengths. Inhibiting mitochondrial fission can prevent fragmentation, and there is increased mitophagy in axons following injury. The uptake of mitochondrial divalent ions is necessary for injury-induced mitochondrial fission.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Neil Mittal, Bhushan Thakkar, Cooper B. Hodges, Connor Lewis, Yeajin Cho, Ravi L. Hadimani, Carrie L. Peterson
Summary: Individual neuroanatomy has been found to be associated with motor responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and corticomotor excitability after intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS). This study aimed to examine the relationship between individual neuroanatomy and TMS response measured using resting motor threshold (RMT) and iTBS measured using motor evoked potentials (MEPs). The findings suggest that neuroanatomical parameters play an important role in motor system responses to different TMS paradigms and can be useful in selecting appropriate motor targets for TMS-based therapies.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Audra A. Kramer, Greta M. Olson, Advaita Chakraborty, Murray G. Blackmore
Summary: Forced expression of the transcription factor KLF6 enhanced axon sprouting in adult CST neurons after spinal injuries, but this effect required an injury stimulus and showed significant growth enhancement within four weeks. However, treatment with KLF6 did not lead to significant improvements in forelimb function, despite robust cross-midline sprouting by CST axons. Additional interventions or further optimization may be needed to translate the improvements in axon growth into functional gains.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shuang Jin, Xiangfeng Chen, Hanyu Zheng, Wanxiong Cai, Xurong Lin, Xiangxing Kong, Yingchun Ni, Jingjia Ye, Xiaodan Li, Luoan Shen, Binjie Guo, Zeinab Abdelrahman, Songlin Zhou, Susu Mao, Yaxian Wang, Chun Yao, Xiaosong Gu, Bin Yu, Zhiping Wang, Xuhua Wang
Summary: The limited regrowth capacity of corticospinal axons after cortical stroke hinders functional recovery. In this study, we identified ubiquitination factor E4B (UBE4B) as a regulator of axonal regrowth in retinal ganglion cells and corticospinal neurons. UBE4B represses axonal regrowth through the cooperative activation of p53 and mTOR pathways. Overexpression of UbV.E4B, a competitive inhibitor of UBE4B, promotes corticospinal axon sprouting and facilitates recovery of corticospinal tract-dependent function in a cortical stroke model.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Karim Fouad, Phillip G. Popovich, Marcel A. Kopp, Jan M. Schwab
Summary: Lesion size is considered a reliable predictor of outcome after central nervous system injury, but lesions of comparable size can lead to different levels of functional impairment and recovery, contributing to failed replication in animal models. A clinical-radiological paradox may explain why individuals with similar injuries respond differently to rehabilitation in humans.
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jing Li, Linglong Xiao, Dian He, Yunhao Luo, Haitao Sun
Summary: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most fatal subtype of stroke with high disability and high mortality rates. White matter injury (WMI) caused by intracerebral parenchymal hemorrhage is closely associated with poor prognosis after ICH, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may serve as potential therapeutic targets.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bruno Benedetti, Lara Bieler, Christina Erhardt-Kreutzer, Dominika Jakubecova, Ariane Benedetti, Maximilian Reisinger, Dominik Dannehl, Christian Thome, Maren Engelhardt, Sebastien Couillard-Despres
Summary: Spinal cord injury leads to axonal damage in the neocortex, resulting in dysfunctional cortical activity. This study focuses on the hyperexcitability of axotomized neurons in the primary motor cortex layer V (M1LV) and investigates the role of hyperpolarization cyclic nucleotide gated (HCN) channels. It is found that the dysfunction of HCN channels contributes to the pathophysiology of axotomized M1LV neurons, but its impact varies among neurons and interacts with other mechanisms.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Joseph F. Bonner, Oswald Steward
Article
Neurosciences
Camelia A. Danilov, Oswald Steward
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2015)
Article
Neurosciences
Brian K. Kwon, Femke Streijger, Caitlin E. Hill, Aileen J. Anderson, Mark Bacon, Michael S. Beattie, Armin Blesch, Elizabeth J. Bradbury, Arthur Brown, Jacqueline C. Bresnahan, Casey C. Case, Raymond W. Colburn, Samuel David, James W. Fawcett, Adam R. Ferguson, Itzhak Fischer, Candace L. Floyd, John C. Gensel, John D. Houle, Lyn B. Jakeman, Nick D. Jeffery, Linda Ann Truett Jones, Naomi Kleitman, Jeffery Kocsis, Paul Lu, David S. K. Magnuson, Martin Marsala, Simon W. Moore, Andrea J. Mothe, Martin Oudega, Giles W. Plant, Alexander Sasha Rabchevsky, Jan M. Schwab, Jerry Silver, Oswald Steward, Xiao-Ming Xu, James D. Guest, Wolfram Tetzlaff
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2015)
Article
Neurosciences
Rafer Willenberg, Oswald Steward
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY
(2015)
Article
Neurosciences
John Park, Van Nancy Trinh, Ilse Sears-Kraxberger, Kang-Wu Li, Oswald Steward, Z. David Luo
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY
(2016)
Article
Neurosciences
Oswald Steward, Shannon Farris, Patricia S. Pirbhoy, Jennifer Darnell, Sarah J. Van Driesche
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2015)
Article
Neurosciences
Zachary R. Gallaher, Oswald Steward
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2018)
Article
Neurosciences
Erin A. Gallent, Oswald Steward
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2018)
Letter
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Oswald Steward, Kelli G. Sharp, Kelly Matsudaira Yee
Article
Neurosciences
Kelli G. Sharp, Kelly Matsudaira Yee, Oswald Steward
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2014)
Article
Neurosciences
Oswald Steward, Aminata P. Coulibaly, Mariajose Metcalfe, Jennifer M. Yonan, Kelly M. Yee
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2020)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Hollis Cline, Lique Coolen, Saskia de Vries, Steven Hyman, Rosalind Segal, Oswald Steward
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Oswald Steward, Aminata P. Coulibaly, Mariajose Metcalfe, Jamie M. Dam, Kelly M. Yee
Summary: The study shows that injections of different AAVs into the brain, spinal cord, or cerebrospinal fluid can lead to transduction of cells in the pineal gland, raising concerns about the potential adverse effects of AAV-driven expression in pinealocytes during therapeutic treatments.
MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Patricia Salgado Pirbhoy, Shannon Farris, Oswald Steward
Article
Neurosciences
Patricia Salgado Pirbhoy, Shannon Farris, Oswald Steward
Article
Neurosciences
Wenzhu Wang, Zihan Li, Yitong Yan, Shuo Wu, Xinyu Yao, Chen Gao, Lanxiang Liu, Yan Yu
Summary: This study investigated the reparative mechanisms of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and found that LIPUS promotes hippocampal neurogenesis, enhances neural electrical activity and neural plasticity, ultimately restoring neuronal function and cognitive capabilities in TBI mice.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Wenmin Yi, Fei Chen, Minghao Yuan, Chuanling Wang, Shengyuan Wang, Jie Wen, Qian Zou, Yinshuang Pu, Zhiyou Cai
Summary: The study suggests that a high-fat diet may lead to tau hyperphosphorylation and synaptic dysfunction by inhibiting the SIRT1/AMPK pathway and disrupting autophagy flux, ultimately resulting in cognitive decline.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Kim M. Hemsley, Helen Beard, Glyn Chidlow, Teresa Mammone, Leanne K. Winner, Daniel Neumann, Barbara King, Marten F. Snel, Paul J. Trim, Robert J. Casson
Summary: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive method that can be used to rapidly and quantitatively examine the integrity of the neuroretina. It has been shown that OCT can be used to observe retinal thinning in patients with childhood dementia, and to assess the improvement of retinal structure after treatment. Furthermore, OCT can provide insights into other childhood dementias based on the correlation between retinal and brain degeneration in Sanfilippo syndrome.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Qianling Jiang, Xin Ma, Gaochen Zhu, Wen Si, Lingyu He, Guan Yang
Summary: This study investigated the effects of EAE induction on thymopoiesis and T cell development, revealing changes such as increased apoptosis, decreased proliferation, and a blockade in the transition from double-negative thymocytes to double-positive cells. It was also found that positive selection was disrupted in the thymus of EAE mice, along with an increased production of regulatory T cells.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Alice McDouall, Guido Wassink, Sumudu Ranasinghe, Kelly Q. Zhou, Rashika N. Karunasinghe, Justin M. Dean, Joanne O. Davidson
Summary: This study found that blocking connexin 43 hemichannels can attenuate brain injury and promote neurodevelopment in infants with mild hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, without causing hypothermia.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Hannah Sweetman, Mahmudur Rahman, Aditya Vedantam, Kajana Satkunendrarajah
Summary: Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is a neurological condition characterized by chronic compression of the cervical spinal cord, leading to impaired limb function. While respiratory dysfunction is not a common symptom of DCM, it can affect the ventilatory response to respiratory challenges. Surgical decompression improves sensorimotor function in DCM, but its impact on respiratory function is unclear. This study evaluates respiratory function and adaptive ventilation in a DCM model, showing that DCM impairs acute adaptive ventilatory ability and surgical decompression does not fully restore it.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Chengmei Sun, Muhammad Saif Ur Rahman, Budbazar Enkhjargal, Jianhua Peng, Keren Zhou, Zhiyi Xie, Lingyun Wu, Tongyu Zhang, Qiquan Zhu, Jiping Tang, Yujia Zeng, John H. Zhang, Shanshan Xu
Summary: This study found that Osteopontin (OPN) can attenuate inflammatory responses after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) by promoting an anti-inflammatory microglial state. This effect may be mediated through the integrin-FAK-STAT3 and NF-kappa B signaling pathways.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Yang Yang, Xuezhu Chen, Chuanyan Yang, Mei Liu, Qianying Huang, Likun Yang, Yuhai Wang, Hua Feng, Zhongyang Gao, Tunan Chen
Summary: The study explores the effects of specific chemogenetic stimulation of intact corticospinal tract on functional recovery after stroke in mice. The findings demonstrate that combining chemogenetic activation with rehabilitation training leads to significant motor functional recovery by promoting axon sprouting and rewiring new functional circuits.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2024)
