Review
Cell Biology
Tess A. Leathers, Crystal D. Rogers
Summary: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit the activity of cyclooxygenase isoenzymes, which drive tissue inflammation pathways, making them a class of analgesics. However, caution should be exercised during pregnancy as these drugs increase the risk of developmental defects. In this review, the roles of cyclooxygenase signaling pathway components throughout pregnancy are characterized, and the effects of perturbation of this pathway on embryonic development are discussed.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shingo Nojima, Yoko Fujita, Kanako Terakado Kimura, Norimichi Nomura, Ryoji Suno, Kazushi Morimoto, Masaki Yamamoto, Takeshi Noda, So Iwata, Hideki Shigematsu, Takuya Kobayashi
Summary: EP4, a class A GPCR, is a common drug target in various disorders. The structure features of EP4-Gs binding are formed by specific conserved residues, which may be important for understanding the binding mechanism of G protein.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Qingqing Huang, Xishi Liu, Sun-Wei Guo
Summary: The study found that the PGE(2) signaling diminishes as endometriotic lesions progress. Treatment with EP2/EP4 inhibitors in mice with induced deep endometriosis worsened the condition, while metformin improved the condition by inducing PGE(2) signaling.
REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Marie Goepp, Siobhan Crittenden, You Zhou, Adriano G. Rossi, Shuh Narumiya, Chengcan Yao
Summary: Research suggests that PGE(2) negatively regulates iTreg cell differentiation through a direct action on T cells, indicating the potential importance of targeting the PGE(2)-EP2/EP4 pathway to control T cell-mediated inflammation.
Article
Physiology
Michaela A. A. Fuchs, Julia Schrankl, Christina Leupold, Charlotte Wagner, Armin Kurtz, Katharina A-E Broeker
Summary: This study identified the expression sites of EP subtypes and Cox-2 in neonatal mouse kidneys, and demonstrated the essential role of intact prostaglandin E2 signaling through EP2 and EP4 receptors in stromal progenitor cells for normal renal development.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-RENAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Wenfei Wang, Yuping Ning, Yejun Wang, Guofang Deng, Simona Pace, Stefanie A. Barth, Christian Menge, Kehong Zhang, Youchao Dai, Yi Cai, Xinchun Chen, Oliver Werz
Summary: This study found that infection of human macrophages by M.tb significantly increases the expression of COX-2 and mPGES-1, leading to the formation of a large amount of PGE(2). However, the anti-inflammatory drug SASP can reduce the expression of COX-2 and the release of PGE(2).
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Piotr Wojcik, Michal Biernacki, Natalia Domian, Neven Zarkovic, Elzbieta Skrzydlewska
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of Celecoxib on apoptosis in keratinocytes, and the results suggested that COX-2 inhibition can attenuate UVB-induced apoptosis, with AEA playing a significant role as an anti-apoptotic agent in this process.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Keijo Fukushima, Kanaho Senoo, Naoki Kurata, John W. Regan, Hiromichi Fujino
Summary: EP2 and EP4 receptors have distinct roles and activities, with EP2 receptors preferentially activating the G alpha s-protein-mediated pathway and EP4 receptors exhibiting strong biased activity towards the G alpha i-protein-mediated pathway.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Haiyan Yao, Quanping Guo, Mengran Wang, Rui Wang, Zhaoqing Xu
Summary: A novel class of molecules with a basic structure of pyrazole N-aryl sulfonate was designed and synthesized using a new pyrazole sulfonate synthetic method. Several compounds within this class showed excellent anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, as well as selective COX-2 inhibitory properties. The LD50 of two compounds in mice were found to be greater than 2000 mg/kg in acute oral toxicity assays conducted in vivo.
BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Rosangela Mayer Goncalves, Marina Delgobo, Jonathan Paulo Agnes, Raquel Nascimento das Neves, Marcelo Falchetti, Tuany Casagrande, Ana Paula Vargas Garcia, Thaynan Cunha Vieira, Nauana Somensi, Maciel Alencar Bruxel, Daniel Augusto Gasparin Bueno Mendes, Alex Rafacho, Andre Bafica, Daniel Pens Gelain, Jose Claudio Fonseca Moreira, Geovanni Dantas Cassali, Alexander James Roy Bishop, Alfeu Zanotto-Filho
Summary: Obesity is a major risk factor for breast cancer, especially in post-menopausal women. An obesogenic diet has been shown to promote mammary tissue inflammation and local estrogen production, accelerating mammary tumor formation in a COX-2-dependent manner. Treatment with a COX-2 inhibitor was found to decrease inflammation, estrogen levels, and mammary tumor formation, leading to prolonged animal survival.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Xuan-Ke Ji, Sailaja Vatsalya Madhurapantula, Gui He, Kun-Yan Wang, Chun-Hua Song, Jian-Ying Zhang, Kai-Juan Wang
Summary: Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, especially in Asia where the incidence is high and the survival rate for advanced cases is low. COX-2 plays a crucial role in inflammatory responses and its genetic variations may affect susceptibility to gastric cancer, calling for further research to explore new therapeutic approaches.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Aikaterini Kourpa, Angela Schulz, Eva Mangelsen, Debora Kaiser-Graf, Nils Koppers, Monika Stoll, Michael Rothe, Michael Bader, Bettina Purfuerst, Severine Kunz, Thomas Gladytz, Thoralf Niendorf, Sebastian Bachmann, Kerim Mutig, Juliane Bolbrinker, Daniela Panakova, Reinhold Kreutz
Summary: This study explored the renoprotective effects of pharmacological blockade of EP2 and EP4 receptors in the development of albuminuria. The results showed that separate and combined blockade of EP2 and EP4 receptors reduced albuminuria. This finding provides a basis for further research on the therapeutic potential of this treatment option and the possible role of circadian clock genes.
Article
Oncology
Omar M. Ibrahim, Per H. Basse, Weijian Jiang, Khurshid Guru, Gurkamal Chatta, Pawel Kalinski
Summary: The clinical effectiveness of BCG is limited to early stages of bladder cancer, with PGE(2)-chemokine interplay identified as a potential target to enhance therapeutic effects.
Article
Reproductive Biology
Ramona Bill, Luis P. Carmo, Beatriz Vidondo, Heiko Nathues, Alexander Grahofer
Summary: In this study, the efficacy of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and oxytocin in improving the parturition process in sows was evaluated. Both treatments did not show a significant effect on the farrowing process or piglet vitality compared to untreated sows, but significant differences were found between PGE-2 and oxytocin treatments. Oxytocin-treated sows had significantly shorter farrowing duration compared to sows treated with PGE2, indicating differences in the effects of the two treatments.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yi Guan, Linda Davis, Matthew D. Breyer, Chuan-Ming Hao
Summary: Diabetic nephropathy is a major complication of diabetes and the leading cause of mortality in diabetic patients. Cyclooxygenase and its derived prostanoids play a significant role in the development of diabetic nephropathy. This study demonstrates that inhibiting COX2 and EP4 receptors can attenuate albuminuria and histological lesions in diabetic kidneys, suggesting potential renoprotective effects for diabetic nephropathy.
PROSTAGLANDINS & OTHER LIPID MEDIATORS
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Masaki Yamada, Yoshihiro Kita, Takahiro Kohira, Kenji Yoshida, Fumie Hamano, Suzumi M. Tokuoka, Takao Shimizu
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES
(2015)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kenji Yoshida, Yoshihiro Kita, Suzumi M. Tokuoka, Fumie Hamano, Maya Yamazaki, Kenji Sakimura, Masanobu Kano, Takao Shimizu
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yoshihiro Kita, Kenij Yoshida, Suzumi M. Tokuoka, Fumie Hamano, Maya Yamazaki, Kenji Sakimura, Masanobu Kano, Takao Shimizu
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sho Otake, Kenji Yoshida, Naofumi Seira, Christopher M. Sanchez, John W. Regan, Hiromichi Fujino, Toshihiko Murayama
PHARMACOLOGY RESEARCH & PERSPECTIVES
(2015)