Review
Cell Biology
Iason Psilopatis, Kleio Vrettou, Florian Nima Fleckenstein, Stamatios Theocharis
Summary: Preeclampsia is a common hypertensive disorder in pregnancy, and PPARs play a significant role in its pathophysiology. Studies have shown contradictory conclusions regarding PPAR expression in preeclamptic placentae, but PPAR gamma agonists have been identified as a novel and potent anti-preeclamptic treatment option.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Iason Psilopatis, Kleio Vrettou, Constantinos Troungos, Stamatios Theocharis
Summary: Endometrial carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the female genital tract in the United States. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptor proteins which regulate gene expression. In our literature review of 27 relevant studies published between 2000 and 2023, it was found that PPAR alpha and PPAR beta/delta isoforms were upregulated in endometrial cancer cells, while PPAR gamma levels were significantly lower. Interestingly, PPAR agonists were found to be potent anti-cancer therapeutic alternatives. Overall, PPARs seem to play a significant role in endometrial cancer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Gang Huang, Wei Jiang, Weiyong Xie, Wei Lu, Weimin Zhu, Zhenhan Deng
Summary: PPARs regulate cartilage homeostasis and reduce inflammation in OA, deficiency of PPARs may accelerate OA progression. PPAR agonists can inhibit catabolic and inflammatory factors synthesis, reducing cartilage lesions development in OA.
MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
In Soo Kim, Prashanta Silwal, Eun-Kyeong Jo
Summary: This review discusses the roles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) alpha, beta, and gamma in transcriptional regulation, energy metabolism, inflammation regulation, cellular development, and differentiation. PPAR signaling pathways play important roles in the development of viral, bacterial, and parasitic infectious diseases. The review also explores the potential therapeutic uses of PPAR agonists/antagonists in infectious disease treatment.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Charlotte C. J. R. Michielsen, Roland W. J. Hangelbroek, Marjolijn C. E. Bragt, Elwin R. Verheij, Suzan Wopereis, Ronald P. Mensink, Lydia A. Afman
Summary: Fenofibrate and fish oil can effectively reduce circulating triglyceride concentrations and potentially decrease the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Fish oil intake also leads to an increase in various unsaturated lipid species.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Weibei Sheng, Qichang Wang, Haotian Qin, Siyang Cao, Yihao Wei, Jian Weng, Fei Yu, Hui Zeng
Summary: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease that is exacerbated by population aging, resulting in a significant economic burden. Current therapies are inadequate, but research on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) shows promise in slowing OA progression. PPARs have emerged as potential targets for effective OA treatments.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Iason Psilopatis, Kleio Vrettou, Eleni Nousiopoulou, Kostas Palamaris, Stamatios Theocharis
Summary: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, causing severe menstrual irregularities, skin conditions, and insulin resistance-associated health problems. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have been investigated for their role in PCOS, but studies have reached contradictory conclusions about PPAR expression in PCOS. However, natural agents have shown promise as alternative treatments for PCOS. Overall, PPARs appear to play a significant role in PCOS.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elena Valeria Fuior, Evangelia Zvintzou, Theodosios Filippatos, Katerina Giannatou, Victoria Mparnia, Maya Simionescu, Anca Violeta Gafencu, Kyriakos E. Kypreos
Summary: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-binding transcription factors that regulate energetic metabolism, immune responses, and cell proliferation and differentiation. PPAR alpha receptors play a crucial role in modulating plasma lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, with pluripotent effects on atherogenic and antiatherogenic lipoproteins. Clinical evidence supports the use of PPAR alpha agonists in the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia and/or low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.
Review
Cell Biology
Yaqin Zhao, Huabing Tan, Xiaoyu Zhang, Jing Zhu
Summary: This article summarizes the role of PPARs in the occurrence and development of HCC, as well as their value in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of HCC.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Shi Fang, M. Christine Livergood, Pablo Nakagawa, Jing Wu, Curt D. Sigmund
Summary: This review focuses on the mechanisms by which nuclear receptors mediate transcriptional responses, with a specific emphasis on the role of PPARγ in regulating blood pressure. Genetic and clinical trial data demonstrate the importance of PPARγ in hypertension, and the tissue- and cell-specific molecular mechanisms by which PPARs modulate blood pressure and related phenotypes are detailed. The role of placental PPARs in preeclampsia is also discussed, along with future research directions and implications for novel therapies.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Chang Wang, Fei Peng, Bohua Zhong, Ying Shi, Xiaomei Wang, Xueyuan Jin, Junqi Niu
Summary: The study showed that MBT1805 has therapeutic effects on ANIT-induced cholestasis, improving abnormal biochemical indicators, gallbladder enlargement, and histopathological changes. By regulating bile acid synthesis, biotransformation, and transport, MBT1805 helps relieve cholestasis.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yanhao Qiu, Mailin Gan, Xingyu Wang, Tianci Liao, Qiuyang Chen, Yuhang Lei, Lei Chen, Jinyong Wang, Ye Zhao, Lili Niu, Yan Wang, Shunhua Zhang, Li Zhu, Linyuan Shen
Summary: Excessive expansion of adipocytes can lead to ectopic fat deposition, increasing the risk of metabolic diseases. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) plays a crucial role in fat cell differentiation and adipogenesis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tong-tong Li, Gang Li, Rui Hu, Xin Ji, Chang Liu, Yun-ting Shao
Summary: Sulfatides are unique sphingolipids with important functions in various systems in the human body and are closely related to tumor occurrence and development. Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) is a potential regulator of sulfatides. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the physiological functions of sulfatides and discusses the possible PPAR alpha regulatory mechanisms in sulfatide metabolism and functions.
NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Juhee Lim, Hyo In Kim, Yeojin Bang, Hyun Jin Choi
Summary: This article discusses the role of PPAR gamma in adult neurogenesis. By activating PPAR gamma, it can increase the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells, prevent neurodegeneration, and improve cognition, anxiety, and depression-like behaviors.
ARCHIVES OF PHARMACAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xin-xin Zhu, Xia Wang, Shi-yu Jiao, Ye Liu, Li Shi, Qing Xu, Jing-jing Wang, Yun-er Chen, Qi Zhang, Yan-ting Song, Ming Wei, Bao-qi Yu, Jens Fielitz, Frank J. Gonzalez, Jie Du, Ai-juan Qu
Summary: Cardiac dysfunction is a key component in sepsis-induced multi-organ failure. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, especially PPARa, is significantly decreased in septic cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyocyte-specific PPARa deficiency exacerbates mitochondrial dysfunction and fatty acid metabolism impairment, leading to cardiac dysfunction. Targeting PPARa may be a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of septic cardiomyopathy.
ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Juliana Redondo, Pamela Sarkar, Kevin Kemp, Paul F. Virgo, Joya Pawade, Aimie Norton, David C. Emery, Martin G. Guttridge, David I. Marks, Alastair Wilkins, Neil J. Scolding, Claire M. Rice
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2018)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Kevin C. Kemp, Rimi Dey, Johan Verhagen, Neil J. Scolding, Maria M. Usowicz, Alastair Wilkins
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA
(2018)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
J. William L. Brown, Alasdair Coles, Dana Horakova, Eva Havrdova, Guillermo Izquierdo, Alexandre Prat, Marc Girard, Pierre Duquette, Maria Trojano, Alessandra Lugaresi, Roberto Bergamaschi, Pierre Grammond, Raed Alroughani, Raymond Hupperts, Pamela McCombe, Vincent Van Pesch, Patrizia Sola, Diana Ferraro, Francois Grand'Maison, Murat Terzi, Jeannette Lechner-Scott, Schlomo Flechter, Mark Slee, Vahid Shaygannejad, Eugenio Pucci, Franco Granella, Vilija Jokubaitis, Mark Willis, Claire Rice, Neil Scolding, Alastair Wilkins, Owen R. Pearson, Tjalf Ziemssen, Michael Hutchinson, Katharine Harding, Joanne Jones, Christopher McGuigan, Helmut Butzkueven, Tomas Kalincik, Neil Robertson, Marco Onofrj, Giovanna De Luca, Valeria Di Tommaso, Daniela Travaglini, Erika Pietrolongo, Maria di Ioia, Deborah Farina, Luca Mancinelli, Suzanne Hodgkinson, Celia Oreja-Guevara, Cavit Boz, Julie Prevost, Javier Olascoaga, Bart Van Wijmeersch, Michael Barnett, Freek Verheul, Juan Ingacio Rojas, Daniele Spitaleri, Maria Edite Rio, Bruce Taylor, Jose Luis Sanchez-Menoyo, Cristina Ramo-Tello, Claudio Solaro, Tunde Csepany, Gerardo Iuliano, Olga Skibina, Thor Petersen, Ricardo Fernandez Bolanos, Youssef Sidhom, Riadh, Steve Vucic, Richard Macdonell, Angel Perez Sempere, Magdolna Simo, Ilya Kister, Neil Shuey, Radek, Jose Andres Dominguez, Maria Pia Amato, Maria Laura Saladino, Allan Kermode, Ernest Butler, Fraser Moore, Stella Hughes, Gavin McDonnell, Imre Piroska, Bassem Yamout, Aysun Soysal, Serkan Ozakbas, Cees Zwanikken
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2019)
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Claire M. Rice, Shelley A. Renowden, Kathryn Urankar, Seth Love, Neil J. Scolding
Article
Clinical Neurology
Heidi Snethen, Jody Ye, Kathleen M. Gillespie, Neil J. Scolding
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS
(2020)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Kelly Hares, K. Kemp, S. Loveless, C. M. Rice, N. Scolding, E. Tallantyre, N. Robertson, A. Wilkins
Summary: This study aimed to assess the prognostic value of KIF5A in MS and found that CSF KIF5A levels were positively correlated with MS disease severity, with progressive MS patients showing higher expression. Additionally, risk alleles of MS susceptibility gene loci were associated with relapse rates, treatment methods, and disease duration in MS patients. Further studies on analyzing MS susceptibility SNPs for prognostic value are recommended.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Pamela Sarkar, Juliana Redondo, Kelly Hares, Steven Bailey, Anastasia Georgievskaya, Kate Heesom, Kevin C. Kemp, Neil J. Scolding, Claire M. Rice
Summary: The study compared the secretome of MSC from control subjects and people with MS, showing that MSC from progressive MS have lower levels of mitochondrial fumarate hydratase. Exogenous mFH restored the neuroprotective potential of MS-MSC in vitro. Additionally, MS-MSC had reduced levels of fumarate hydratase with downstream effects on oxidative stress regulation.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Claire M. Rice, Pamela Sarkar, Peter Walsh, Denise Owen, Clare Bidgood, Paul Smith, Nick M. Kane, Suhail Asghar, David I. Marks, Neil J. Scolding
Summary: This study demonstrates the safety and feasibility of repeated non-myeloablative autologous bone marrow-derived cell therapy in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
N. J. Scolding
PRACTICAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kevin C. Kemp, Anastasia Georgievskaya, Kelly Hares, Juliana Redondo, Steven Bailey, Claire M. Rice, Neil J. Scolding, Chris Metcalfe, Alastair Wilkins
Summary: This pilot study investigates the potential therapeutic effects of recombinant granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration in patients with Friedreich's ataxia (FA). The findings demonstrate that G-CSF treatment is safe in FA patients, and it leads to mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) comparable to that of healthy individuals. Moreover, G-CSF administration results in sustained increases in cellular frataxin concentrations and elevated expression of PGC-1 alpha and Nrf2, indicating its potential clinical impact in FA patients.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Gavin Brittain, Alasdair J. Coles, G. Giovannoni, Paolo Antonio Muraro, Jacqueline Palace, Jennifer Petrie, Elisa Roldan, N. J. Scolding, John A. Snowden, Basil Sharrack
Summary: In carefully selected patients, autologous HSCT is a safe and highly effective treatment for immune-mediated neurological disorders. Limited understanding has caused confusion, mistrust, and an increase in health tourism.
PRACTICAL NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sam Olum, Charlotte Scolding, Venice Omona, Kansiime Jackson, Neil Scolding
Summary: Acute Flaccid Myelitis is a paralytic disease that mainly affects children and has similarities to poliomyelitis. It is an emerging, global, infectious neurological disease that has been rapidly spreading to different regions. However, it has been poorly studied in low- and middle-income countries due to a lack of research and neurological care services in these areas.
BRAIN COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Surgery
R. Okidi, D. M. Ogwang, T. R. Okello, D. Ezati, W. Kyegombe, D. Nyeko, N. J. Scolding
Review
Clinical Neurology
Claire M. Rice, Neil J. Scolding
PRACTICAL NEUROLOGY
(2020)