Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xin-Zi Emily Tang, Shu Xuan Tan, Shawn Hoon, Gene W. Yeo
Summary: This study evaluated antibody and T cell responses to the Cas13d protein (RfxCas13d) from Ruminococcus flavefaciens in healthy donors. It found that most donors have antibodies and CD4 and CD8 T cell responses to RfxCas13d, similar to other Cas9 proteins. In addition, RfxCas13d-responsive T cells could produce inflammatory cytokines. These findings are important for the development of RfxCas13d for therapy.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christopher Szeto, Demetra S. M. Chatzileontiadou, Andrea T. Nguyen, Hannah Sloane, Christian A. Lobos, Dhilshan Jayasinghe, Hanim Halim, Corey Smith, Alan Riboldi-Tunnicliffe, Emma J. Grant, Stephanie Gras
Summary: Not all peptides derived from the internal SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein can form a complex with HLA-A*02:01, and some peptides adopt a mobile conformation. Limited pre-existing CD8+ T cell response toward these epitopes is observed in unexposed individuals.
Article
Microbiology
Valerie Le Sage, Jennifer E. Jones, Karen A. Kormuth, William J. Fitzsimmons, Eric Nturibi, Gabriella H. Padovani, Claudia P. Arevalo, Andrea J. French, Annika J. Avery, Richard Manivanh, Elizabeth E. McGrady, Amar R. Bhagwat, Adam S. Lauring, Scott E. Hensley, Seema S. Lakdawala
Summary: Previous immunity can impact susceptibility to airborne transmission of heterologous influenza virus strains, providing protection that is independent of cross-neutralizing antibodies. This phenomenon is likely driven by adaptive immune responses, suggesting an important barrier to airborne transmission and potential influence on the emergence and spread of pandemic viruses.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Luca Hensen, Patricia T. Illing, E. Bridie Clemens, Thi H. O. Nguyen, Marios Koutsakos, Carolien E. van de Sandt, Nicole A. Mifsud, Andrea T. Nguyen, Christopher Szeto, Brendon Y. Chua, Hanim Halim, Simone Rizzetto, Fabio Luciani, Liyen Loh, Emma J. Grant, Phillipa M. Saunders, Andrew G. Brooks, Steve Rockman, Tom C. Kotsimbos, Allen C. Cheng, Michael Richards, Glen P. Westall, Linda M. Wakim, Thomas Loudovaris, Stuart I. Mannering, Michael Elliott, Stuart G. Tangye, David C. Jackson, Katie L. Flanagan, Jamie Rossjohn, Stephanie Gras, Jane Davies, Adrian Miller, Steven Y. C. Tong, Anthony W. Purcell, Katherine Kedzierska
Summary: This study identifies the presence of influenza CD8(+) T cell epitopes in an Indigenous Australian population expressing the susceptibility allomorph HLA A*24:02 and suggests targeting and boosting the breadth of IAV/IBV-specific CD8(+) T cells to protect high-risk populations from severe influenza disease.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Richard Baguma, Stanley Kimbung Mbandi, Miguel J. Rodo, Mzwandile Erasmus, Jonathan Day, Lebohang Makhethe, Marwou de Kock, Michele van Rooyen, Lynnett Stone, Nicole Bilek, Marcia Steyn, Hadn Africa, Fatoumatta Darboe, Novel N. Chegou, Gerard Tromp, Gerhard Walzl, Mark Hatherill, Adam Penn-Nicholson, Thomas J. Scriba
Summary: Pre-adolescent children show lower or more regulated pro-inflammatory responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis compared to young adults, which may contribute to the lower risk of tuberculosis disease in this age group.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Seik-Soon Khor, Yosuke Omae, Nao Nishida, Masaya Sugiyama, Noriko Kinoshita, Tetsuya Suzuki, Michiyo Suzuki, Satoshi Suzuki, Shinyu Izumi, Masayuki Hojo, Norio Ohmagari, Masashi Mizokami, Katsushi Tokunaga
Summary: This study identified specific HLA alleles associated with the severity of COVID-19, which can be used for early identification of potential severe cases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yue Huang, Jiabao Tang, Han Wang, Huan Yu, Qiaoqiao Song, Xiaoyi Guo, Caihong Li, Jiangding Wang, Caihong Liang, Shulian Li, Shaowei Li, Zhifeng Lin, Qi Chen, Guohua Zhong, Sijie Zhuang, Yingying Su, Tingdong Li, Ting Wu, Shengxiang Ge, Jun Zhang, Ningshao Xia
Summary: This study investigated the protective effect of maternal immunity against congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection. The results showed that a higher level of CMV IgG in early gestation was associated with a lower risk of cCMV infection in newborns, but this association was not observed in middle or late gestation.
Review
Plant Sciences
Maxwell R. Fishman, Ken Shirasu
Summary: The lifecycle of parasitic plants includes pre-attachment and post-attachment phases, where plant resistance to parasitic plants can be categorized into pre-attachment and post-attachment resistance. Recent research has begun to uncover genetic elements promoting pre-attachment resistance in the host, while post-attachment resistance may involve common molecular mechanisms with plant-pathogen interactions. Parasitic plants secrete effectors post attachment to evade host immune responses.
CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Frank M. Speetjens, Marij J. P. Welters, Marije Slingerland, Mariette I. E. van Poelgeest, Peggy J. de Vos van Steenwijk, Inge Roozen, Sanne Boekestijn, Nikki M. Loof, Gijs G. Zom, A. Rob P. M. Valentijn, Willem-Jan Krebber, Nico J. Meeuwenoord, Catharina A. H. Janssen, Cornelis J. M. Melief, Gijs A. van der Marel, Dmitri Filippov, Sjoerd H. van der Burg, Hans Gelderblom, Ferry Ossendorp
Summary: This study is the first-in-human trial to investigate the safety and immunogenicity of Amplivant conjugated to HPV16-SLP. The results show that Amplivant-conjugated SLPs can safely induce robust HPV16-specific T cell immunity, and increasing vaccine dose is associated with more adverse events and stronger systemic T cell immunity.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
E. A. Colombo, R. F. Cooke, A. P. Brandao, J. B. Wiegand, K. M. Schubach, C. A. Sowers, G. C. Duff, E. Block, V. N. Gouvea
Summary: The study found that cattle receiving the synbiotic supplement had higher feed intake during the initial 3 weeks in the feedlot compared to other groups; there was no significant difference in the incidence of bovine respiratory disease among different treatment groups; cattle receiving the synbiotic supplement had higher plasma glucose concentrations, but lower concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids.
Review
Immunology
Caolann Brady, Tom Tipton, Stephanie Longet, Miles W. Carroll
Summary: This literature review discusses the advantages of using animal models in defining correlates of protection (CoPs) and the conditions and interventions required for their identification and validation, particularly in the search for SARS-CoV-2 CoPs.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Jeong Ho Song, Hye Jung Shin, Woo Jin Hyung, Han-Kwang Yang, Sang-Uk Han, Young-Kyu Park, Hyuk-Joon Lee, Ji Yeong An, Wook Kim, Hyung-Ho Kim, Seung Wan Ryu, Hoon Hur, Min-Chan Kim, Seong-Ho Kong, Jin-Jo Kim, Do Joong Park, Young Woo Kim, Keun Won Ryu, Jong Won Kim, Joo-Ho Lee, Hyoung-Il Kim
Summary: This study assessed the predictive value of 22 items on surgical outcomes and found that surgeons selected based on scores had better perioperative outcomes. Some items could predict perioperative outcomes, such as intraoperative blood loss, major complications, reoperation, and hospital stay.
Article
Virology
Xuan Yi, Yuhao Wang, Quanrun Li, Xiaoyi Li, Panli Zhang, Xin Fu, Shuqin Gu, Daqian Zhang, Xiaoyi Liu, Haonan Lou, Yuemei Wu, Libo Tang, Jinlin Hou, Yongyin Li
Summary: Individuals with a recent common cold coronavirus infection, which provides pre-existing immunity against SARS-CoV-2, experience a milder course of COVID-19. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between pre-existing immunity and the immune response induced by inactivated COVID-19 vaccines. The researchers analyzed 31 healthcare workers who received two doses of inactivated vaccines and found that the vaccine-induced T cell responses, rather than neutralizing antibodies, correlated closely with pre-existing immunity to SARS-CoV-2. These findings contribute to a better understanding of inactivated-vaccine-induced immunity and its implications for vaccine effectiveness.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Leo Swadling, Mariana O. Diniz, Nathalie M. Schmidt, Oliver E. Amin, Aneesh Chandran, Emily Shaw, Corinna Pade, Joseph M. Gibbons, Nina Le Bert, Anthony T. Tan, Anna Jeffery-Smith, Cedric C. S. Tan, Christine Y. L. Tham, Stephanie Kucykowicz, Gloryanne Aidoo-Micah, Joshua Rosenheim, Jessica Davies, Marina Johnson, Melanie P. Jensen, George Joy, Laura E. McCoy, Ana M. Valdes, Benjamin M. Chain, David Goldblatt, Daniel M. Altmann, Rosemary J. Boyton, Charlotte Manisty, Thomas A. Treibel, James C. Moon, Lucy van Dorp, Francois Balloux, Aine McKnight, Mahdad Noursadeghi, Antonio Bertoletti, Mala K. Maini
Summary: Research suggests that some individuals can clear potential SARS-CoV-2 infection after exposure, with T cells playing a role in the process. Studying healthcare workers who tested negative for antibodies revealed that they had stronger and more diverse memory T cells, with a focus on RTC.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Hadeer M. Aboshady, Yoann Felicite, Julien Hira, Claude Barbier, Jean-Christophe Bambou
Summary: This study compared the abomasal mucosa transcriptome of naive and pre-infected goats at early time points after Haemonchus contortus infection, and identified minimal gene expression differences between the two groups. However, pre-infected goats exhibited a stronger immune response during the early stages of infection, with greater activation in Th1 and Th2 immune pathways, as well as other immune-related signaling pathways, compared to naive goats.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
