Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yasuyuki Tamai, Zhen Chen, Yue Wu, Jun Okabe, Yoshinao Kobayashi, Hitoshi Chiba, Shu-Ping Hui, Akiko Eguchi, Motoh Iwasa, Masaaki Ito, Yoshiyuki Takei
Summary: The combined treatment of BCAA and L-carnitine significantly improved hepatocellular function, reduced lipid deposition and adipophilin expression, and protected the liver by maintaining mitochondrial integrity in cirrhotic rats, supporting their therapeutic potential in human chronic liver diseases.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Giuseppe Marrone, Amato Serra, Luca Miele, Marco Biolato, Antonio Liguori, Antonio Grieco, Antonio Gasbarrini
Summary: Liver cirrhosis is often accompanied by nutritional alterations, affecting about 20% of patients with compensated disease and over 60% of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Imbalance of amino acids, especially branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), has been shown to be associated with complications and prognosis in these patients. Various studies have explored the use of BCAAs supplementation as a therapeutic option, but uncertainties persist regarding its real efficacy, optimal administration route, and dosage.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Katerina Kroupina, Chantal Bemeur, Christopher F. Rose
Summary: Hepatic encephalopathy is a decline in brain function caused by liver insufficiency. The liver's reduced ability to clear ammonia plays a crucial role in the development of hepatic encephalopathy. Cirrhotic patients require high protein intake, but this can increase the accumulation of ammonia, worsening hepatic encephalopathy. Finding a nutritional solution that provides sufficient protein doses without increasing the risk of hepatic encephalopathy is necessary.
ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Anne M. M. van Dijk, Alexandra S. Bruins S. Slot, Piero Portincasa, Sebastiaan N. Siegerink, Najiba Chargi, Carina J. R. Verstraete, Joep de Bruijne, Frank P. P. Vleggaar, Karel J. J. van Erpecum
Summary: Prophylactic supplementation of BCAA appears to be safe and may improve survival in cirrhotic patients.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Will D. Swansson, Bennett M. Anderson, Sern Wei Yeoh, Diana J. Lewis
Summary: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a severe complication of liver disease, and debate exists regarding the use of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation in its management. A narrative review was conducted to examine relevant studies, including those involving hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Out of 1045 citations, 8 studies met the inclusion criteria, and the main outcomes focused on changes in minimal HE (MHE) and the incidence of overt HE (OHE). The evidence for BCAA supplementation in MHE was weak, while there was no evidence supporting the use of BCAAs for OHE. Further research is needed to explore different variables such as timing, dosage, and frequency of BCAA supplementation in HE treatment, as well as the combination of BCAAs with standard therapies like rifaximin and/or lactulose.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Michaela E. Trautman, Nicole E. Richardson, Dudley W. Lamming
Summary: The proportion of people suffering from age-related diseases is increasing worldwide. Recent research has shown that low protein diets, particularly those low in branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), can reduce mortality and promote metabolic health and extended lifespan in both humans and rodents. This article discusses the emerging evidence that BCAAs play a crucial role in healthy metabolism and longevity, and explores the physiological and molecular mechanisms behind the benefits of restricting dietary BCAAs. The findings suggest that the quality of protein, specifically the composition of dietary protein, may be a previously overlooked factor in metabolic dysfunction and reducing dietary BCAAs could be a promising new approach to delaying and preventing age-related diseases.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Emily Kwun Kwan Lo, Felicianna, Jing-Hang Xu, Qiao Zhan, Zheng Zeng, Hani El-Nezami
Summary: Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are related to chronic liver diseases, but BCAA supplementation has positive effects on cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. This review aims to clarify the contradictory claims and study the role of BCAAs in liver health.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ana Luiza Soares dos Santos, Lucilene Rezende Anastacio
Summary: Nutritional management of sarcopenia in liver cirrhosis is a constantly evolving field, with scarce data on essential amino acid supplementation in chronic liver diseases. Assessing nutritional status and providing appropriate nutritional interventions are essential for reducing sarcopenia and maintaining muscle mass and function in patients with liver cirrhosis. L-leucine has been identified as a key amino acid in protein turnover, reducing proteolysis and stimulating protein synthesis.
EXPERT REVIEW OF GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Tiangang Wu, Mengling Wang, Fengling Ning, Shilin Zhou, Xuetao Hu, Hong Xin, Svetlana Reilly, Xuemei Zhang
Summary: Fibrosis, characterized by excessive production of extracellular matrix, is a common pathological feature of organ diseases. Metabolic alterations, especially in the regulation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), have been found to play significant roles in fibrogenesis. Dysregulation of BCAAs metabolism has been implicated in various diseases. This review summarizes the metabolic regulation of fibrosis, changes in BCAAs metabolism associated with fibrosis, and the effects and mechanisms of BCAAs intervention in hepatic, renal, and cardiac fibrosis, with a focus on liver fibrosis and associated hepatocellular carcinoma.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ruirui Zhu, Liwen Liu, Guizhen Zhang, Jianxia Dong, Zhigang Ren, Zhiqin Li
Summary: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neurological disease in patients with hepatic insufficiency and/or portal-systemic blood shunting. The pathogenesis is believed to be centered around hyperammonemia, which is caused by increased ammonia sources and decreased metabolism. Intestinal microorganisms play an important role in the pathogenesis of HE through the gut-liver-brain axis. Various treatments, such as prebiotics, probiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), can manipulate the gut microbiome to improve hyperammonemia and endotoxemia. Restoring intestinal microbial homeostasis may be a potential treatment method for cognitive impairment in HE.
BIOSCIENCE REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Patricia P. Bloom, Jesus M. Luevano, Kelsey J. Miller, Raymond T. Chung
Summary: This study identified several fecal bacterial species and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) associated with hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Many of the species inversely linked to HE were also associated with SCFA production. Patients with a history of HE had lower concentrations of SCFAs in their feces, but fecal ammonia concentrations were similar between those with and without a history of HE. Further research is needed to understand the relationship between these factors and develop targeted interventions for treating HE.
ANNALS OF HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Can Chen, Hassan Naveed, Keping Chen
Summary: This article introduces the important role of branched-chain amino acid aminotransferases in cellular metabolism, summarizes the related research in animals, plants, microorganisms, and humans, and analyzes the molecular mechanism. It has been found that disorders in branched-chain amino acid metabolism are closely related to various diseases, especially tumor development.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Katarzyna Paczkowska, Dominik Rachon, Andrzej Berg, Jacek Rybka, Katarzyna Kapczynska, Marek Bolanowski, Jacek Daroszewski
Summary: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that predisposes women to metabolic disturbances. Recent research suggests that alterations in amino acid profiles may be indicative of metabolic disorders. This study found elevated levels of aromatic amino acids in PCOS women, and significant differences in amino acid concentrations between metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity subgroups of PCOS women.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Huan Xu, Xuanyang Wang, Xiaoqing Xu, Lin Liu, Yuntao Zhang, Xuemin Yan, Yingfeng Zhang, Keke Dang, Ying Li
Summary: This study using Mendelian randomization analysis found that increased circulating levels of BCAAs were associated with an increased risk of squamous cell lung cancer, but no causal link was found between BCAAs and other types of cancer.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yuyan Liu, Chengwen Zhang, Yuan Zhang, Xuheng Jiang, Yuanhong Liang, Huan Wang, Yongfang Li, Guifan Sun
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary intake of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and hypertension risk in the Chinese population. The findings showed that dietary BCAAs intake was positively associated with both systolic and diastolic blood pressure values, as well as an increased risk of hypertension.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Filippo Sanfilippo, Valeria La Rosa, Marinella Astuto
MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Carlo Custodero, Federica Gandolfo, Alberto Cella, Lisa A. Cammalleri, Romina Custureri, Simone Dini, Rosetta Femia, Sara Garaboldi, Ilaria Indiano, Clarissa Musacchio, Silvia Podesta, Francesca Tricerri, Ambra Pasa, Carlo Sabba, Alberto Pilotto
Summary: This study suggests that MPI at admission can help early detect patients more at risk of in-hospital death and NIV failure among ARF patients. Higher MPI scores are associated with higher in-hospital mortality and NIV failure rates.
ARCHIVES OF GERONTOLOGY AND GERIATRICS
(2021)
Letter
Critical Care Medicine
Filippo Sanfilippo, Luigi La Via, Stefano Tigano, Marinella Astuto
Letter
Critical Care Medicine
Filippo Sanfilippo, Luigi La Via, Veronica Dezio, Marinella Astuto, Alberto Morgana
Letter
Hematology
Filippo Sanfilippo, Luigi La Via, Paolo Murabito, Marinella Astuto
TRANSFUSION MEDICINE AND HEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Letter
Critical Care Medicine
Filippo Sanfilippo, Luigi La Via, Simone Messina
INJURY-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE CARE OF THE INJURED
(2022)
Letter
Respiratory System
Filippo Sanfilippo, Luigi La Via, Mateusz Zawadka, Claudia Crimi, Marinella Astuto
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chiara Grasso, Davide Massidda, Karolina Zaneta Maslak, Cinzia Favara-Scacco, Francesco Antonio Grasso, Carmela Bencivenga, Valerio Confalone, Elisabetta Lampugnani, Andrea Moscatelli, Marta Somaini, Simonetta Tesoro, Giulia Lamiani, Marinella Astuto
Summary: The Italian Pediatric Moral Distress Scale-Revised (Italian MDS-R) is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring moral distress among Italian health workers who care for critically ill children. It is not correlated with factors like emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, resilience, and satisfaction with life, but it does show a correlation with intention to resign, gender, occupation, and caring for COVID-19 patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Filippo Sanfilippo, Luigi La Via, Simone Messina, Bruno Lanzafame, Veronica Dezio, Marinella Astuto
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cristina Russo, Maria Stella Valle, Antonino Casabona, Lucia Spicuzza, Gianluca Sambataro, Lucia Malaguarnera
Summary: Skeletal muscle dysfunction is often associated with COPD, which is characterized by chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Vitamin D deficiency also affects oxidative stress and mitochondrial function, impacting muscle function in COPD patients.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cristina Russo, Valeria Colaianni, Giuseppe Ielo, Maria Stella Valle, Lucia Spicuzza, Lucia Malaguarnera
Summary: This review highlights the relationship between lung microbiota and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Inflammation, dysbiosis, and imbalance in the immune system may contribute to the development of lung diseases. Interventions targeting lung microbiota could potentially improve these conditions.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cristina Russo, Maria Stella Valle, Antonella Russo, Lucia Malaguarnera
Summary: Numerous studies have shown that microglia play a role in promoting inflammatory processes within the central nervous system by producing chemokines. These cells share similarities with macrophages, suggesting they are involved in innate immune responses in the brain. Neuroinflammation leads to changes in neuro-metabolism and increased energy consumption. Recent research has focused on the role of Ghre signaling in microglia activity and its impact on neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding this role could provide strategies to downregulate neuroinflammation and reduce negative neurological outcomes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cristina Russo, Maria Stella Valle, Antonino Casabona, Lucia Malaguarnera
Summary: Chitinases, expressed and secreted by various cell types of the central nervous system, are implicated in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disorders. Increased levels of Chitinases have been found in several neurodegenerative disorders, but their exact molecular mechanisms are still unclear.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Cristina Russo, Maria Stella Valle, Luisa Malaguarnera, Ivana Roberta Romano, Lucia Malaguarnera
Summary: In recent years, the infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 has led to an excessive immune reaction and systemic inflammation. The preferred treatments for SARS-CoV-2 focus on mitigating immunological/inflammatory dysfunction. Vitamin D deficiency has been identified as a crucial factor in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, as well as susceptibility to infectious diseases. Resveratrol, on the other hand, regulates immunity and plays a beneficial role in preventing non-communicable diseases associated with inflammation. Many studies have investigated the integrated treatment of vitamin D or resveratrol in the immune reaction against SARS-CoV-2 infections.
Letter
Anesthesiology
Luigi La Via, Simone Messina, Federica Merola, Filippo Sanfilippo, Marinella Astuto
KOREAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIOLOGY
(2022)