Review
Cell Biology
Marina Caputo, Stella Pigni, Emanuela Agosti, Tommaso Daffara, Alice Ferrero, Nicoletta Filigheddu, Flavia Prodam
Summary: Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) play crucial roles in lifespan, growth, metabolism, and nutrient utilization. Nutrients are essential modifiers of the GH/IGF-I axis, and these hormones also regulate the utilization of nutrients in cells and tissues.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ruben Jimenez-Alfageme, Raul Dominguez, Antonio Jesus Sanchez-Oliver, Paola Tapia-Castillo, Jose Miguel Martinez-Sanz, Isabel Sospedra
Summary: This study analyzed the consumption pattern of sports supplements (SS) by open water swimmers and compared the differences according to their competitive level. The results showed that 79.5% of the participants consumed SS, with a higher proportion among national-level athletes. The most commonly consumed supplements included sports drinks, energy bars, caffeine, vitamin C, and vitamin D.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Rodrigo Abreu, Catarina B. Oliveira, Julio A. Costa, Joao Brito, Vitor H. Teixeira
Summary: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplements on athletic performance in elite soccer players. Caffeine supplementation may improve jump height and sprint ability, particularly in female players. Creatine supplementation may enhance sprint, agility, and jump performance in female players. Protein supplementation can improve sprint and jump performance between matches. Beverages with carbohydrates and electrolytes can be used as part of carbohydrate intake strategies but do not have a direct impact on athletic performance. Tart cherry juice may help maintain athletic performance after matches that cause force loss and muscle damage. Nitrate-rich beetroot concentrate can attenuate performance decrease after matches. Further investigation is needed for sodium bicarbonate supplementation. Yohimbine supplementation and the use of Resurgex Plus & REG; do not improve athletic performance in elite soccer players. More research with elite soccer players is necessary to provide better support and advice on the use of dietary supplements for performance enhancement.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SPORTS NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Hiroki Ishihara, Yoshinori Otani, Kazuki Tanaka, Hisao Miyajima, Huy Xuan Ngo, Masashi Fujitani
Summary: This study demonstrates the critical role of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) signaling pathway in the regeneration of neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and muscle recovery after botulinum toxin-A (BTX) injection. Inhibition of IGF1R affects the recovery from BTX-induced neurogenic paralysis and alters the synaptic components at the NMJ. Furthermore, IGF1R inhibition regulates the wet weight and frequency distribution of muscle fibers and increases the number of Pax7+-satellite cells in the muscle. These findings suggest that targeting the IGF1R pathway could be beneficial in prolonging the effects of BTX treatment and reducing the number of injections.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Mariana Sanchez Diaz, Adrian Martin-Castellanos, Valentin E. Fernandez-Elias, Olga Lopez Torres, Jorge Lorenzo Calvo
Summary: This review examines the impact of polyphenol consumption on muscle recovery in team sport athletes. It suggests that polyphenols may have a positive effect on recovery after exercise-induced muscle damage, but the certainty of these effects in both females and males remains moderate to very low. Further research, particularly in females, is needed to confirm these findings.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ana Isabel Martin, Teresa Priego, Alvaro Moreno-Ruperez, Daniel Gonzalez-Hedstrom, Miriam Granado, Asuncion Lopez-Calderon
Summary: Inflammation triggers a broad response from the neuroendocrine system, affecting all the endocrine axes, particularly the hypothalamic-growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor-1 axis. While the endocrine and metabolic responses to acute inflammation support organism survival, chronic inflammation contributes to catabolic processes leading to muscle wasting and weakness. The inhibition of the hypothalamic-GH-IGF-1 axis plays a role in this mechanism.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Leonardo Carvalho Caldas, Rafael Barreira Salgueiro, Neil David Clarke, Jason Tallis, Valerio Garrone Barauna, Lucas Guimaraes-Ferreira
Summary: Caffeine supplementation may attenuate pain perception, but it is not related to a reduction in EIMD. The effect of caffeine supplementation on strength recovery after muscle damage remains inconclusive due to limited studies and conflicting results.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Angela Garcia-Mato, Blanca Cervantes, Silvia Murillo-Cuesta, Lourdes de la Rosa, Isabel Varela-Nieto
Summary: IGF-1, a peptide hormone belonging to the insulin family, exerts its biological effects through binding to its receptor IGF1R. The IGF system plays important roles in mammalian development, adult tissue homeostasis, and aging.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Marinna C. Okawa, Rebecca M. Tuska, Marissa Lightbourne, Brent S. Abel, Mary Walter, Yuhai Dai, Elaine Cochran, Rebecca J. Brown
Summary: Insulin receptor signaling plays a role in growth. Patients with hyperinsulinemia and impaired insulin receptor function show impaired growth and lower bone mineral density, while elevated insulin receptor signaling leads to accelerated growth and higher bone mineral density. This suggests that insulin receptor influences growth through direct metabolic effects in bone and indirect effects via the growth hormone-IGF-1 axis.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Xin Guan, Qiyang Yan, Dandan Wang, Guocheng Du, Jingwen Zhou
Summary: This study investigates the effects of IGF-1 signaling on mitochondrial remodeling during myogenic differentiation, and identifies key mediators of IGF-1-induced mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy. IGF-1 signaling stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis by increasing mitochondrial DNA copy number and the expression of related genes. Additionally, IGF-1 treatment significantly enhances mitophagy levels in differentiating myoblasts, contributing to mitochondrial turnover.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ryan A. Tamilio, Neil D. Clarke, Michael J. Duncan, Rhys Morris, Jozo Grgic, Jason Tallis
Summary: This study found that acute caffeine consumption improved muscle strength performance in the elbow and knee joints even with chronic caffeine intake. Resistance training intervention resulted in significant improvements in upper and lower body strength, with similar effects between the caffeine and placebo groups.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ryan A. Tamilio, Neil D. Clarke, Michael J. Duncan, Rhys O. Morris, Jason Tallis
Summary: This study found that acute ingestion of 3 mg/kg of caffeine can improve muscular strength, power, and endurance. However, the ergogenic effects of caffeine may not be repeatable between different training sessions.
Article
Biology
Jose Burgos, Aitor Viribay, Julio Calleja-Gonzalez, Diego Fernandez-Lazaro, Jurgi Olasagasti-Ibargoien, Jesus Seco-Calvo, Juan Mielgo-Ayuso
Summary: The combination of CIT and BR supplementation has a positive effect on recovery by reducing cortisol levels and improving performance.
Article
Sport Sciences
Jamie Pethick, Charlotte Casselton, Samantha L. Winter, Mark Burnley
Summary: The study found that ischemic preconditioning (IPC) can reduce the decrease in muscle torque complexity during fatigue at the neural level, leading to an extended time to task failure. IPC has an impact on the changes in EMG amplitude and oxygen consumption rate during muscle fatigue development.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Weihao Wang, Xiaoye Duan, Zhengxiang Huang, Qi Pan, Chen Chen, Lixin Guo
Summary: Organisms have developed common behavioral and physiological adaptations to the day/night cycle, with the CLOCK system forming an internal circadian rhythm that may influence growth hormone secretion, the GH-insulin-like growth factor 1 axis, and metabolism.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jamie N. Justice, Sriram Gubbi, Ameya S. Kulkarni, Jenna M. Bartley, George A. Kuchel, Nir Barzilai
Summary: Geroscience interventions targeting biological aging offer hope for improving outcomes in response to infectious disease, reducing chronic pathology, and promoting immune memory, with metformin being a potential candidate for large-scale clinical trials.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jenna M. Bartley, Rebecca L. Stearns, Colleen X. Munoz, Julie K. Nolan, Shlomit Radom-Aizik, Carl M. Maresh, Douglas J. Casa, Frank P. Zaldivar, Fadia Haddad, Matthew Ganio, Elaine C. Lee
Summary: It was found that cold water immersion did not affect recovery markers, indicating that a short CWI protocol was insufficient to improve recovery.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Catherine Saenz, Stephanie Hooper, Terrance Orange, Ashlyn Knight, Martin Barragan, Tarah Lynch, Abigail Remenapp, Kevin Coyle, Carena Winters, Heather Hausenblas
Summary: After 21 days of free-living ketogenic diet, women were able to maintain calorie intake, improve body composition, blood pressure, and blood glucose, increase ketone levels, and improve some cholesterol markers.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Patrick M. Davitt, Catherine Saenz, Troy Hartman, Phil Barone, Steven Estremera
Summary: This study investigated the impact of consuming slow-absorbing carbohydrates on metabolism, hemodynamics, and performance in endurance athletes. The results showed that athletes who consumed slow-digesting carbohydrates burned more fat during running, while those who consumed fast-digesting carbohydrates had higher exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates. In terms of blood glucose levels, the group that consumed slow-digesting carbohydrates exhibited more stable blood glucose levels compared to the other groups.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
David R. Hooper, Jared Mallard, Jeff T. Wight, Kara L. Conway, George G. A. Pujalte, Kelsey M. Pontius, Catherine Saenz, Anthony C. Hackney, Adam S. Tenforde, Kathryn E. Ackerman
Summary: This study tracked female collegiate runners for six months and found that most athletes, despite meeting low energy availability criteria, were able to maintain body weight and resting metabolic rate. One athlete with elevated ferritin levels experienced performance decline, but improvements were seen after increased nutritional intake and reduced training volume.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Emi Ampo, Ana Paula Mendes-Silva, Vanessa Goncalves, Jenna M. Bartley, George A. Kuchel, Breno S. Diniz
Summary: This study evaluated the levels of circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA), a marker of cellular stress and damage, in older adults with late-life depression (LLD) and frailty. The coexistence of LLD and frailty was associated with higher levels of ccf-mtDNA, suggesting a common biological mechanism of cellular stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. This finding offers potential opportunities for future interventions guided by geroscience.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Dominique E. Martin, Blake L. Torrance, Laura Haynes, Jenna M. Bartley
Summary: Immunometabolism plays a crucial role in aging, affecting immune cell activation and effector functions through metabolic pathways. It has been found that aging can impact the networks controlling immune cell metabolism, but further research is needed to fully understand these effects.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Ohan S. Manoukian, Swetha Rudraiah, Michael R. Arul, Jenna M. Bartley, Jiana T. Baker, Xiaojun Yu, Sangamesh G. Kumbar
Summary: The study investigates novel nerve guidance conduits with aligned microchannel porosity delivering sustained-release of neurogenic 4-aminopyridine for peripheral nerve regeneration. Results show equivalency with autograft controls in terms of functional recovery, myelin development, and histological assessments. The aligned microchannel architecture of the conduit guides axons and the sustained release of 4-AP increases nerve conduction.
BIOACTIVE MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Erica C. Lorenzo, Blake L. Torrance, Spencer R. Keilich, Iman Al-Naggar, Andrew Harrison, Ming Xu, Jenna M. Bartley, Laura Haynes
Summary: The differentiation of CD4 T helper cells during influenza infection is affected by aging, with an increase in regulatory T cells (Treg) and higher levels of TGF-beta in the lungs of aged mice. Treatment with senolytic drugs in aged mice prior to infection can restore Th cell differentiation and promote a return to homeostasis by reducing the percentage of Treg cells and inducing a healing Type 2 phenotype. Senescent cells play a significant role in impacting Th cell differentiation through production of cytokines like TGF-beta.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Ramalakshmi Ramasamy, Dylan S. S. Baker, Fouad Lemtiri-Chlieh, Dawn A. A. Rosenberg, Eric Woon, Iman M. M. Al-Naggar, Cara C. C. Hardy, Eric S. S. Levine, George A. A. Kuchel, Jenna M. M. Bartley, Phillip P. P. Smith
Summary: Volume hyposensitivity resulting from impaired sympathetic detrusor relaxation during bladder filling contributes to detrusor underactivity (DU) associated with aging. HCN channels play a role in detrusor sympathetic relaxation. In old mice, there is a dichotomous phenotype, in which resilient mice adapt and maintain homeostasis, while non-resilient mice fail to maintain physiologic homeostasis. Lamotrigine-induced bladder relaxation is diminished in old-non-responders mice following HCN-blockade. Relaxation responses to NS 1619 were reduced in old-non-responders mice, with the effect lost following HCN-blockade. Our murine model of DU further defines a role for HCN, with failure of adaptive recalibration of HCN participation and intensity of HCN-mediated stabilization, while genomic studies show upregulated myofibroblast and fibrosis pathways and downregulated neurotransmitter-degradation pathways in old-non-responders mice. Thus, the DU phenotype is multifactorial and represents the accumulation of age-associated loss in homeostatic mechanisms.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Spencer R. Keilich, Andreia N. Cadar, Darcy T. Ahern, Blake L. Torrance, Erica C. Lorenzo, Dominique E. Martin, Laura Haynes, Jenna M. Bartley
Summary: Older adults have decreased immune responses, making them more susceptible to influenza. Infection can cause severe muscle degradation and atrophy in aged mice. To understand the mechanisms involved, a transcriptomic analysis was conducted, revealing age-related gene expression differences in muscle. Leukocyte migration and T cell activation pathways were enriched in the muscle of aged mice during infection. Intramuscular CD8 T cells increased exclusively in aged muscle, while CD4 T cells were different subtypes in young and aged muscle. These findings provide insights into the link between flu-induced disability and dysregulated T cell recruitment in aging muscle.
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Andreia N. Cadar, Dominique E. Martin, Jenna M. Bartley
Summary: The decline in immune response with age presents a challenge in combating diseases later in life, particularly influenza infection in older adults. Existing vaccines targeting older adults have not been effective enough in reducing the burden of flu. Recent geroscience research suggests that targeting biological aging may improve age-related declines, including vaccine responses. This review proposes alternative vaccine platforms and interventions targeting inflammation, cellular senescence, microbiome disturbances, and mitochondrial dysfunction to enhance vaccine responses and overall immune resilience in older adults.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Dominique E. Martin, Andreia N. Cadar, Hunter Panier, Blake L. Torrance, George A. Kuchel, Jenna M. Bartley
Summary: Aging is associated with declining immune responses, increasing the risk of severe infection and reduced vaccination responses. Metformin, a diabetes drug, may improve flu vaccine responses and reduce markers of immune exhaustion in older adults.
Article
Immunology
Amnah Siddiqa, Yating Wang, Maheshwor Thapa, Dominique E. Martin, Andreia N. Cadar, Jenna M. Bartley, Shuzhao Li
Summary: Many human diseases, including metabolic diseases, have connections with the immune system. However, the understanding of how the human immune system interacts with pharmaceutical drugs is limited, and there is a lack of epidemiological studies in this area. With the advancement of metabolomics technology, it is now possible to measure drug metabolites and biological responses in the same global profiling data, offering a new opportunity to study drug-immune system interactions. This study demonstrates the use of metabolomics to investigate drug interaction with the immune response in human samples directly at the molecular level.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Sama Abdulmalik, Jack Gallo, Jonathan Nip, Sara Katebifar, Michael Arul, Amir Lebaschi, Lucas N. Munch, Jenna M. Bartly, Shilpa Choudhary, Ivo Kalajzic, Yeshavanth Kumar Banasavadi-Siddegowdae, Syam P. Nukavarapu, Sangamesh G. Kumbar
Summary: Tendon and ligament injuries, the most common musculoskeletal injuries, have a significant impact on quality of life and economic burden. Current surgical interventions using biological and engineered grafts have limitations. To overcome these limitations, a study evaluated the use of an enhanced nanofiber matrix with a peptide growth factor (Ex-4) to promote tendon healing. Results showed that Ex-4 nanofiber matrices accelerated cell proliferation and the expression of tendon-related and extracellular matrix-related genes. Moreover, the nanofiber matrices enhanced tendon healing and reduced fibrocartilage formation in a rat tendon defect model. These findings suggest Ex-4 as a potential tool for tendon tissue engineering.
BIOACTIVE MATERIALS
(2023)
