Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Matthew Jewiss, Oliver R. Runswick, Iain Greenlees
Summary: A challenge state is associated with better performance compared to a threat state in various domains. However, the control of between-subjects variability in past performance is inconsistent in the literature. This study aimed to investigate the effects of challenge and threat states on performance while controlling for past performance. The results showed that cardiovascular correlates of challenge and threat states predicted cricket batting performance in amateur cricketers, but past performance was the only predictor of subsequent golf putting performance in noncompetitive golfers. These findings challenge the role of challenge and threat states in predicting performance under pressure after controlling for past performance.
JOURNAL OF SPORT & EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Andrew W. Manigault, Brett J. Peters, Peggy M. Zoccola
Summary: The study found that mindful acceptance and awareness have significant impacts on cardiovascular markers of threat and challenge by reducing stress reactivity. Enhanced awareness and acceptance training can lead to higher cardiac output and lower total peripheral resistance, indicating a greater sense of challenge and less threat.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Siobhan M. Griffin, Siobhan Howard
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between instructed reappraisal and cardiovascular habituation, finding that reappraisal does not aid cardiovascular habituation to recurrent stress and does not lead to a challenge-oriented response in participants. Habitual use of reappraisal does not interact with reappraisal instructions to influence cardiovascular responses to stress.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Michel Bosshard, Felix Michael Schmitz, Sissel Guttormsen, Urs Markus Nater, Patrick Gomez, Christoph Berendonk
Summary: This study aims to help medical students cope with stress and improve communication performance when delivering bad news through two interventions (stress arousal reappraisal and worked examples). A randomized controlled trial will be conducted to assess the effects of these interventions on stress response and bad news delivery skills in 200 third-year medical students during a simulated encounter. The findings are expected to provide unique insights into the psychophysiology of medical students during breaking bad news situations.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Taylor L. L. Buchanan, Christopher M. M. Janelle
Summary: Breathing interventions have been shown to improve sport performance. However, methodological differences hinder a clear understanding of their effectiveness. Breathing frequency has different effects on motor performance under varying emotional conditions, potentially mediated by factors other than perceived arousal.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Mathematical
Phillip R. Johnston, Alexandra E. Volkov, William S. Ryan, Spike W. S. Lee
Summary: The biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat (BPS-CT) is a framework linking psychological processes to reliable patterns of cardiovascular responses. It posits challenge and threat as two motivational states that can emerge in response to a demanding task, with greater challenge when perceived resources are higher than demands, and greater threat when perceived resources are lower than demands. This model helps researchers understand subjective appraisals of resources and demands during motivated performance situations. However, lack of familiarity with physiological concepts and limited guidelines in the literature hinder wider adoption of this approach.
BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS
(2023)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Andrew J. Martin, Roger Kennett, Joel Pearson, Marianne Mansour, Brad Papworth, Lars-Erik Malmberg
Summary: The study identified three groups of students with different psychological and physiological orientations towards science. The group with high threat showed higher anxiety and lower self-efficacy, while students with high challenge performed better in science tests and flow.
EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Thomas L. Saltsman, Mark D. Seery, Deborah E. Ward, Veronica M. Lamarche, Cheryl L. Kondrak
Summary: The study found differences in cardiovascular responses between satisficers and maximizers during choice overload, with satisficers exhibiting greater relative threat in feeling less capable of making their choice compared to maximizers.
Article
Psychology, Educational
Marco Schickel, Nina Minkley, Tobias Ringeisen
Summary: This study examined how psychological and physiological threat/challenge responses change during a presentation, and whether these changes are related to self-efficacy and presentation performance. The results showed that threat and cortisol levels increased, while challenge decreased during the presentation. The growth curve of challenge responses had a negative correlation with threat responses, and the initial intensity of challenge responses was positively correlated with cortisol concentrations. Higher self-efficacy was associated with higher initial intensity of challenge responses, lower cortisol concentrations, and a smaller cortisol increase.
CONTEMPORARY EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Kevin D. Jordan, Timothy W. Smith
Summary: Social-evaluative threat is crucial in the research of stress, health, and related psychophysiological mechanisms. It can activate two social motives: striving for status, achievement, and influence, and/or striving for acceptance, inclusion, and connection. Threats to social status and acceptance have independent and sustained effects on cardiovascular reactivity, even across multiple stressor exposures.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Daan Scheepers, Johannes Keller
Summary: This study examined the relationship between psychological flow and cardiovascular markers of challenge, finding that under certain circumstances, flow and challenge are positively related. Specifically, in the underload condition, relative challenge was positively correlated with task performance and self-reported flow.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Smirna Malkoc, Daniel Macher, Sabine Hasenhuetl, Manuela Paechter
Summary: This study examines the relationship between university students' challenge and threat appraisals during the COVID-19 pandemic and their emotional learning experiences and learning outcomes. The findings highlight the significant impact of students' appraisal of the learning environment on their academic emotions and performance. Additionally, personal and external learning resources are identified as important factors for learning in adverse situations.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Martin J. Turner, Rachel Massie, Matthew J. Slater, Elizabeth Braithwaite
Summary: The study found that resource evaluations based on the biopsychosocial model and perceived ability to cope with demands were positively associated with the trials performance of youth netball players, while those who attended more previous trials performed better. These findings have important implications for sports teams, athletes, and coaches.
SPORT EXERCISE AND PERFORMANCE PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Amber J. Guest, Stacy A. Clemes, James A. King, Yu-Ling Chen, Katharina Ruettger, Mohsen Sayyah, Aron Sherry, Veronica Varela-Mato, Nicola J. Paine
Summary: Depression and anxiety have been associated with reduced stress-induced cardiovascular reactivity in truck drivers, while work-related fatigue was found to have varying effects on blood pressure reactivity. These novel findings suggest potential implications for cardiovascular disease risk in this population, highlighting the need for further research to establish causal relationships and underlying physiological mechanisms.
Article
Neurosciences
Marc Vidal, Kelsey E. Onderdijk, Ana M. Aguilera, Joren Six, Pieter-Jan Maes, Thomas Hans Fritz, Marc Leman
Summary: Pupil size is influenced by the activity of cholinergic and noradrenergic neurons in the brain, with slow fluctuations indicating sustained activity in cholinergic axons and phasic dilations related to noradrenergic axons. In this study, the researchers investigated how actively engaging in singing and swaying to music affects pupil activity, finding that it enhanced slow cholinergic-related pupil dilations and that the effect was amplified when participants had the opportunity to move their bodies while performing.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Ella McLoughlin, Rachel Arnold, David Fletcher, Chandler M. Spahr, George M. Slavich, Lee J. Moore
Summary: Research has indicated a strong connection between lifetime stressor exposure and health, well-being, and performance in sport performers. The study also found that trait tendencies to appraise stressful situations as either a challenge or a threat mediated this association, suggesting an important factor in identifying athletes at risk for stress-related health problems.
PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE
(2022)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
William R. Low, Paul Freeman, Joanne Butt, Mike Stoker, Ian Maynard
Summary: This study explores how to create pressure for pressure training (PT) and how PT benefits performance in competition. The findings show that effective pressure manipulations in training include extending the reach of consequences and simulating the psychological demands of competition. PT helps athletes learn and practice coping skills, change their relationship with pressure, and improve the quality of training.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED SPORT PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Aodhagan Conlon, Rachel Arnold, Ezio Preatoni, Lee J. Moore
Summary: This study examined the effect of slow diaphragmatic breathing on psychophysiological stress responses and pressurized performance. Results revealed that slow diaphragmatic breathing had mixed effects on stress responses, reducing cognitive anxiety but having little effect on performance.
JOURNAL OF SPORT & EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Retief Broodryk, Lee J. Moore, Ankebe Kruger
Summary: This study aimed to compare the effects of a quiet eye training (QET) intervention and a technical training (TT) intervention on the visual control and performance of rugby union goal-kickers. The results showed that the QET group had longer QE durations and outperformed the TT group during the pressure test, suggesting that a short QET intervention can improve attentional control and goal-kicking performance, especially under high-pressure situations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE & COACHING
(2023)
Review
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Ricardo T. Sant'Anna, Simon P. Roberts, Lee J. Moore, Wilbur J. Kraak, Keith A. Stokes
Summary: This study compared the performance of the YYIR1 and Bronco tests among amateur rugby referees and found that the YYIR1 test had stronger correlations with match demands. Therefore, the YYIR1 test may be a more valuable method for assessing match fitness in rugby referees.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE & COACHING
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bernard X. W. Liew, Josce Syrett, Paul Freeman, David W. Evans
Summary: The study investigated whether individuals participating in regular powerlifting and Olympic weightlifting training have unhelpful beliefs about certain movements and postures being harmful to the spine. The results showed that there was not a strong correlation between items reflecting high spinal flexion angle, and about one-third of participants reported low back pain symptoms. Future research could explore the impact of OWL and PL training on pain-related fear dynamics.
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
William R. Low, Joanne Butt, Paul Freeman, Mike Stoker, Ian Maynard
Summary: This study explored the characteristics of effective pressure training (PT) delivery in applied settings. The findings revealed that best practices such as collaboration with athletes and coaches, integration into training, upfront transparency, and promoting learning can increase athletes' receptiveness to PT.
SPORT PSYCHOLOGIST
(2022)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Ella McLoughlin, Rachel Arnold, Paul Freeman, James E. Turner, Gareth A. Roberts, David Fletcher, George M. Slavich, Lee J. Moore
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between lifetime stressor exposure and psychophysiological reactivity and habituation. The findings suggest that moderate stressor exposure is associated with adaptive cardiovascular reactivity, while very low or high stressor exposure is related to maladaptive reactions. Additionally, experiencing a low number of stressors is associated with poorer habituation. Stressor severity does not appear to affect cardiovascular reactivity. Finally, higher stressor counts are associated with blunted cortisol reactivity and poorer habituation, indicating that lifetime stressor exposure may influence acute stress responses among sport performers.
JOURNAL OF SPORT & EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Anna Pettican, Beverley Goodman, Wendy Bryant, Peter Beresford, Paul Freeman, Valerie Gladwell, Cherry Kilbride, Ewen Speed
Summary: This paper explores the practical application of co-production principles and practices within sport, exercise and health research, drawing on two participatory action research projects in the UK. The reflections highlight the challenges and opportunities of co-produced research and the potential for it to address gaps in experiential knowledge of exclusion and marginalisation. Co-production offers useful principles for democratic, inclusive, collaborative, and participatory research, but the process is complex. The paper also emphasizes the potential of co-produced research to influence policy and practice.
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN SPORT EXERCISE AND HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Ella McLoughlin, David Fletcher, Hannah L. Graham, Rachel Arnold, Daniel J. Madigan, George M. Slavich, Lee J. Moore
Summary: Previous research has shown that greater exposure to lifetime stressors is associated with physical and mental health issues. However, little is known about how this relationship applies to elite athletes. This study found that severe lifetime stressors were related to poorer physical and mental health in elite athletes, and that perfectionism moderated this association for physical health.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT AND EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Adam L. Kelly, Craig A. Williams, Rob Cook, Sergio Lorenzo Jimenez Saiz, Mark R. Wilson
Summary: This study used a multidisciplinary and machine learning approach to analyze the developmental characteristics of youth academy football players and the factors contributing to achieving a professional contract. The results showed that factors such as predicted adult height, lob pass ability, dribble completion percentage, total match-play hours, and relative age were important in player evaluation. Additionally, organizational ability and engagement in quality practice were found to be important factors in achieving a professional contract. Psychological attributes were identified as key to reaching potential in the academy journey.
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Ella McLoughlin, Rachel Arnold, Francesca Cavallerio, David Fletcher, Lee J. Moore
Summary: This study examined male elite athletes' experiences with lifetime stressor exposure and their perceptions of factors influencing mental health help-seeking behavior. The findings offer valuable insights into improving support for elite athletes' performance and mental health.
SPORT EXERCISE AND PERFORMANCE PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Russell Peek, Lee Moore, Rachel Arnold
Summary: This study investigated the differences in psychophysiological stress responses to simulated and real-world emergencies. The findings showed that simulation training led to higher threat appraisals and state anxiety. Additionally, a decrease in heart rate variability was observed. These findings are important for understanding the effectiveness of simulation training and its transfer to real-world clinical practice.
Article
Neurosciences
Ella Mcloughlin, Rachel Arnold, Lee J. Moore, George M. Slavich, David Fletcher
Summary: This study used semi-structured interviews and timeline drawing to explore how high levels of lifetime stressors (both non-sport and sport-specific) influence sport performers' health, well-being, and performance. The findings identified psychological, social, and behavioral factors as the overarching themes that are influenced by high stressor exposure.
ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING
(2023)