Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Matthew T. Stratton, Kembra Albracht-Schulte, Patrick S. Harty, Madelin R. Siedler, Christian Rodriguez, Grant M. Tinsley
Summary: This review examines the physiological responses during acute fasting, finding that short-term fasting can alter substrate metabolism within the initial 24 hours, while the impact on protein metabolism appears to be minimal. The effect of acute fasting on autophagy remains unknown.
Article
Neurosciences
Yong Li, Yujie Cheng, Yuan Zhou, Hongmei Du, Cui Zhang, Zhentao Zhao, Yuenan Chen, Zhongnan Zhou, Jinyu Mei, Wenning Wu, Ming Chen
Summary: The study revealed that high-fat diet induced metabolic disorders, depression, and anxiety-like behaviors in mice. The high-fat diet inhibited AMPK phosphorylation and promoted mTOR phosphorylation, with rapamycin treatment showing improvement in these effects.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Yuqin Wang, Yongnan Li, Hong Ding, Dan Li, Wanxi Shen, Xiaowei Zhang
Summary: In this article, the research advancements and molecular mechanisms regulating autophagy related to Sirtuins are summarized. The biological function of Sirtuins across various cardiovascular diseases are elucidated, and the development of novel drugs that regulate Sirtuin-mediated autophagy is discussed.
JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DEVELOPMENT AND DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Liuran Li, Qinghua Li, Wenbin Huang, Yibing Han, Huiting Tan, Min An, Qianru Xiang, Rui Zhou, Li Yang, Yanzhen Cheng
Summary: The study showed that dapagliflozin can alleviate hepatocyte steatosis by reducing lipogenic enzyme, inducing fatty acid oxidation enzyme, and autophagy, which may be associated with AMPK activation. The results also indicate that dapagliflozin induces autophagy via the AMPK-mTOR pathway, revealing a novel clinical application and functional mechanism in the treatment of NAFLD.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Guangli Lu, Zhen Wu, Jia Shang, Zhenxing Xie, Chaoran Chen, Chuning Zhang
Summary: Metformin is the first-line option for treating diabetic patients and has various pharmacological actions, including antitumor, anti-aging, and ovarian protection effects. Recent research has shown that autophagy is a crucial mechanism through which metformin exerts its pharmacological actions, although the effects on autophagy remain inconsistent.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Jianchao Si, Bingbing Liu, Kerong Qi, Xue Chen, Dongli Li, Shengchang Yang, Ensheng Ji
Summary: In this study, the protective effect and mechanism of Tan IIA treatment on neuronal injury in HT22 cells exposed to intermittent hypoxia (IH) were assessed. The results showed that Tan IIA significantly improved cell viability, mitochondrial function, decreased apoptosis, and inhibited oxidative stress in HT22 cells under IH conditions.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Daewon Han, Deokryong Kim, Haeil Kim, Jeonga Lee, Jungmook Lyu, Jong-Seok Kim, Jongdae Shin, Jeong Sig Kim, Do Kyung Kim, Hwan-Woo Park
Summary: In this study, it was found that Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) can enhance the autophagy flux through the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway, improving hepatic steatosis and potentially serving as a treatment for obesity-related MAFLD.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ling Lin, Yexin Zheng, Chao Wang, Pei Li, Duoling Xu, Wei Zhao
Summary: As zero-dimension nanoparticles, graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) have the potential to regulate cell proliferation and differentiation. This study investigated the effect and molecular mechanism of GOQDs on the odontoblastic differentiation of dental pulp cells (DPSCs). The results showed that low concentrations of GOQDs promoted the proliferation and odontoblastic differentiation of DPSCs, possibly through the activation of the AMPK signaling pathway and inhibition of the mTOR signaling pathway.
Review
Physiology
Shengyuan Wang, Hongyan Li, Minghao Yuan, Haixia Fan, Zhiyou Cai
Summary: Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a significant role in maintaining cellular energy homeostasis and is linked with different stages of autophagy.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ying-hua He, Guo Tian
Summary: Autophagy plays a crucial role in renal cell carcinoma, with many autophagy-related proteins serving as prognostic markers. Researchers are exploring synthetic and phytochemical drugs targeting autophagy for RCC therapy.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ji Zhao, Li-Ya Ma, Yong-Xin Xie, Ling-Qin Zhu, Wen-Si Ni, Rui Wang, Ya-Nan Song, Xiao-Yu Li, Hui-Fang Yang
Summary: Cyfluthrin is a widely used insecticide in sanitary pest control due to its wide insecticidal spectrum, high efficiency, low toxicity, low residue, and good biodegradability. However, the presence of residual cyfluthrin in the environment poses a risk to soil organisms and human health. This study investigates the mechanism of testicular injury induced by cyfluthrin and identifies the involvement of the STING gene and AMPK/mTOR/P70S6K autophagy pathway.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fanrui Meng, Yukai Cao, Mir Hassan Khoso, Kai Kang, Guiping Ren, Wei Xiao, Deshan Li
Summary: The combined use of FGF21 and Insulin shows a better therapeutic effect on DN compared to using FGF21 or Insulin alone. This combination not only improves various symptoms in DN mice, but also promotes the transformation of M1 type macrophages into M2 type macrophages and regulates the expression of autophagy-related genes.
ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jimin Chu, Yang Xiang, Xianghong Lin, Miao He, Yan Wang, Qiong Ma, Jingxian Duan, Sujiao Sun
Summary: Handelin protects skin keratinocytes against UVB-induced photodamage by activating autophagy and regulating AMPK/mTOR-mediated signaling pathway. These findings provide insights for the development of therapeutic agents against UVB-induced keratinocyte photodamage.
ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Yu Wang, Runhong Mei, Shimin Hao, Peng Luo, Penghao Wang, Yaser Almatari, Lei Guo, Lan Guo
Summary: The study revealed that up-regulation of SIRT1 induced by 17 beta-E2 promoted autophagy and inhibited apoptosis in osteoblasts through the AMPK-mTOR and FOXO3a pathways. This suggests that SIRT1 may be a valuable target for osteoporosis treatment, providing new insights into its role in protecting bone cells.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Min Wang, Guang Zeng, Bingrui Xiong, Xiaobin Zhu, Jia Guo, Danyang Chen, Shanshan Zhang, Min Luo, Liang Guo, Lin Cai
Summary: This study identified ALOX5 as a potential prognostic therapeutic marker for melanoma. It was found that downregulation of ALOX5 was positively correlated with patient prognosis and acted as an independent prognostic factor. Elevated ALOX5 promoted autophagy and ferroptosis in melanoma cells and in vivo. Mechanistic studies revealed that ALOX5 upregulation activated the AMPK/mTOR pathway and inhibited GPX4 expression, leading to autophagy-dependent ferroptosis. Inhibition of autophagy reduced ferroptosis enhanced by ALOX5, suggesting a synergistic effect between autophagy and ALOX5. The findings of this study provide new targets and methods for the development of melanoma drugs.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Carolina Ferreira-Atuesta, Jane de Tisi, Andrew W. McEvoy, Anna Miserocchi, Jean Khoury, Ruta Yardi, Deborah T. Vegh, James Butler, Hamin J. Lee, Victoria Deli-Peri, Yi Yao, Feng-Peng Wang, Xiao-Bin Zhang, Lubna Shakhatreh, Pakeeran Siriratnam, Andrew Neal, Arjune Sen, Maggie Tristram, Elizabeth Varghese, Wendy Biney, William P. Gray, Ana Rita Peralta, Alexandre Rainha-Campos, Antonio J. C. Goncalves-Ferreira, Jose Pimentel, Juan Fernando Arias, Samuel Terman, Robert Terziev, Herm J. Lamberink, Kees P. J. Braun, Willem M. Otte, Fergus J. Rugg-Gunn, Walter Gonzalez, Carla Bentes, Khalid Hamandi, Terence J. O'Brien, Piero Perucca, Chen Yao, Richard J. Burman, Lara Jehi, John S. Duncan, Josemir W. Sander, Matthias Koepp, Marian Galovic
Summary: More than half of adults with epilepsy undergoing resective epilepsy surgery achieve long-term seizure freedom and might consider withdrawing antiseizure medications. Predictive models were developed and validated to identify factors contributing to seizure recurrence after starting postoperative antiseizure medication withdrawal.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sarah J. J. Gascoigne, Leonard Waldmann, Gabrielle M. M. Schroeder, Mariella Panagiotopoulou, Jess Blickwedel, Fahmida Chowdhury, Alison Cronie, Beate Diehl, John S. S. Duncan, Jennifer Falconer, Ryan Faulder, Yu Guan, Veronica Leach, Shona Livingstone, Christoforos Papasavvas, Rhys H. H. Thomas, Kevin Wilson, Peter N. N. Taylor, Yujiang Wang
Summary: Understanding fluctuations in seizure severity is important for treatment outcomes and assessing novel treatments. Current methods rely on qualitative interpretations, but quantitative measures would complement existing approaches. We developed a library of quantitative EEG markers to assess the spread and intensity of abnormal electrical activity during and after seizures.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Fenglai Xiao, Lorenzo Caciagli, Britta Wandschneider, Marine Fleury, Lawrence Binding, Davide Giampiccolo, Andrea Hill, Marian Galovic, Jaqueline Foong, Dong Zhou, Josemir W. Sander, John S. Duncan, Matthias J. Koepp
Summary: Using statistical parametric mapping-derived measures, this study investigated the changes in brain activation and connectivity in focal epilepsy patients before and after perampanel treatment. The results showed increased activation in the left OFC and decreased activation in the left thalamus and left caudate, as well as decreased connectivity between the left OFC and precuneus/left medial frontal lobe. These findings highlight the brain regions associated with the therapeutic effects and affective side effects of perampanel.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Daichi Sone, Marian Galovic, Jim Myers, Georg Leonhardt, Ilan Rabiner, John S. S. Duncan, Matthias J. J. Koepp, Jacqueline Foong
Summary: This study investigates the association between mu-opioid receptor binding and affective disorders in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The results show that reduced binding of mu-opioid receptors in the posterior cingulate gyrus is associated with more severe anxiety and negative affect in TLE patients. This suggests that agonist-driven desensitization and downregulation of opioid receptors may be a potential underlying mechanism for affective disorders in TLE.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Vicki Laskier, Kenneth K. K. Agyei-Kyeremateng, Alex E. E. Eddy, Dilip Patel, Stuart Mulheron, Samuel James, Rhys H. H. Thomas, Josemir W. W. Sander
Summary: This study aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of add-on cenobamate in the UK for treating drug-resistant focal seizures in adults. The results showed that cenobamate was cost-saving and led to improved quality-adjusted life-years compared to other antiseizure medications.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Robert M. M. Helling, Matthijs J. L. Perenboom, Prisca R. Bauer, Johannes A. A. Carpay, Josemir W. W. Sander, Michel D. D. Ferrari, Gerhard H. H. Visser, Else A. A. Tolner
Summary: Migraine is associated with altered cortical excitability, especially in migraine with aura. In this study, transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with electroencephalography was used to directly assess cortical excitability. The results provide evidence of altered TEP responses in-between attacks in migraine with aura, suggesting reduced GABA-mediated inhibition.
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Mark R. Keezer, Prisca R. Bauer, Josemir W. Sander
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yu Zhou, Nanya Hao, Josemir W. Sander, Xu Lin, Weixi Xiong, Dong Zhou
Summary: This study reported a family case with both epilepsy and Long QT syndrome. Genetic analysis revealed a pathogenic variant of KCNH2 gene in the proband and her mother. This study expanded the clinical phenotype of the Arg 744* KCNH2 pathogenic variant.
EPILEPTIC DISORDERS
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Silvano R. Gefferie, Diego Jimenez-Jimenez, Gerhard H. Visser, Robert M. Helling, Josemir W. Sander, Simona Balestrini, Roland D. Thijs
Summary: This systematic review evaluated the quality and findings of studies on TMS-EEG in managing epilepsy. The reporting quality and methodological uniformity were found to be poor, and the inconsistent findings questioned the validity of TMS-EEG as an epilepsy biomarker. To demonstrate the clinical applicability of TMS-EEG, methodology and reporting standards are needed.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Lucia Sinka, Laura Abraira, Lukas L. Imbach, Dominik Zieglgansberger, Estevo Santamarina, Jose Alvarez-Sabin, Carolina Ferreira-Atuesta, Mira Katan, Natalie Scherrer, Giulio Bicciato, Robert Terziev, Cyril Simmen, Kai Michael Schubert, Adham Elshahabi, Christian R. Baumann, Nico Doehler, Barbara Erdelyi-Canavese, Ansgar Felbecker, Philip Siebel, Michael Winklehner, Tim J. von Oertzen, Judith N. Wagner, Gian Luigi Gigli, Anna Serafini, Annacarmen Nilo, Francesco Janes, Giovanni Merlino, Mariarosaria Valente, Maria Paula Zafra-Sierra, Hernan Bayona-Ortiz, Julian Conrad, Stefan Evers, Piergiorgio Lochner, Frauke Roell, Francesco Brigo, Carla Bentes, Ana Rita Peralta, Teresa Pinho e Melo, Mark R. Keezer, John S. Duncan, Josemir W. Sander, Barbara Tettenborn, Matthias J. Koepp, Marian Galovic
Summary: This study found that acute symptomatic seizures after stroke are associated with increased mortality and risk of epilepsy. The study also compared mortality and epilepsy risk following different types of acute symptomatic seizures, and found an association between seizure type and risk.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Lorenzo Caciagli, Corey Ratcliffe, Fenglai Xiao, Louis A. A. van Graan, Karin Trimmel, Christian Vollmar, Maria Centeno, John S. S. Duncan, Pamela J. J. Thompson, Sallie Baxendale, Matthias J. J. Koepp, Britta Wandschneider
Summary: The objective of this study was to characterize the cognitive profile of juvenile absence epilepsy (JAE), identify familial cognitive traits, determine the clinical significance of JAE-associated cognitive traits, compare JAE with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) to identify shared or syndrome-specific cognitive traits, and identify relationships between cognitive abilities and clinical characteristics.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Rory J. J. Piper, Debayan Dasgupta, Maria H. H. Eriksson, Mathilde Ripart, Almira Moosa, Aswin Chari, Kiran K. K. Seunarine, Chris A. A. Clark, John S. S. Duncan, David W. W. Carmichael, Martin M. M. Tisdall, Torsten Baldeweg
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association between a greater extent of resection of the temporal portion of the piriform cortex and seizure freedom in children undergoing anterior temporal lobe resection for temporal lobe epilepsy. The results showed that in children with ipsilateral hippocampal atrophy, a greater extent of temporal piriform cortex resection was associated with a higher chance of seizure freedom. However, in the overall study group, the extent of piriform cortex resection was not associated with seizure outcome.
ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medical Informatics
Gabriel Davis Jones, Symon M. Kariuki, Anthony K. Ngugi, Angelina Kakooza Mwesige, Honorati Masanja, Seth Owusu-Agyei, Ryan Wagner, J. Helen Cross, Josemir W. Sander, Charles R. Newton, Arjune Sen
Summary: Researchers have developed a machine-learning questionnaire and predictive model to identify convulsive seizures in sub-Saharan Africa, and implemented them into a free app for healthcare workers in multiple African countries.
LANCET DIGITAL HEALTH
(2023)
Correction
Clinical Neurology
J. S. Duncan, P. N. Taylor
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Aidan Neligan, Guleed Adan, Sarah J. Nevitt, Angie Pullen, Josemir W. Sander, Laura Bonnett, Anthony G. Marson
Summary: Epilepsy is defined as two or more unprovoked seizures. This study aimed to provide accurate estimates of seizure recurrence and mortality rates following a first unprovoked seizure. The results showed that the risk of seizure recurrence within 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years was 27%, 36%, and 43% respectively for all age groups. These findings are important for clinical practice and patient counseling.
COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Thomas Johnstone, Maria Isabel Barros Guinle, Gerald A. Grant, Brenda E. Porter
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the safety and impact of Dexmedetomidine Hydrochloride (DH) administration during pediatric invasive intracranial electroencephalography (IEEG). The results showed that DH administration was not associated with adverse events and did not significantly affect the frequency of seizures captured on the IEEG and the duration of hospitalization.
EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Sabra Zaraa, H. Steve White, Andy Stergachis, Edward Novotny Jr, Chris Protos, Grant Simic, Jennifer L. Bacci
Summary: This study used design thinking to develop a community pharmacist-led intervention for people living with epilepsy. Four features - pharmacist-patient consultations, care plan development, regular check-ins, and care coordination with other health care providers - were identified as desirable, feasible, and viable for the intervention. The study highlights the importance of involving pharmacists in epilepsy care and provides evidence-based features for such interventions.
EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Bofei Tan, Qiang Liu, Yameng Qin, Qiuyan Chen, Rong Chen, Yanzi Jin, Mengyun Li, Xiaodan Jia, Xianrui Xu, Qing Zhang
Summary: The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with insomnia in patients with epilepsy. The results showed that nocturnal seizures and anxiety were independently associated with insomnia in these patients. Patients with epilepsy and insomnia were more likely to experience depression and excessive daytime sleepiness.
EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)