Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Aden Geonhee Lee, Sora Kang, Suyeol Im, Youngmi Kim Pak
Summary: The active compound cinnamic acid (CA) in cinnamon can effectively ameliorate obesity and associated symptoms, such as fat gain, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. CA also reduces inflammation by decreasing the deposition and infiltration of inflammatory cells, thus improving obesity-related metabolic disorders.
Review
Cell Biology
Marina Caputo, Stella Pigni, Emanuela Agosti, Tommaso Daffara, Alice Ferrero, Nicoletta Filigheddu, Flavia Prodam
Summary: Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) play crucial roles in lifespan, growth, metabolism, and nutrient utilization. Nutrients are essential modifiers of the GH/IGF-I axis, and these hormones also regulate the utilization of nutrients in cells and tissues.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lucimeire S. Santos, Gabriele S. Cordeiro, Rhowena J. B. Matos, Gabriela S. Perez, Rafael T. Silva, Gilson T. Boaventura, Jairza M. Barreto-Medeiros
Summary: Animal models have shown that high-fat diets can induce hypothalamic inflammation by promoting the increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other proteins, accompanied by increased glial cell activity.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kate Seselja, Iva Bazina, Milka Vrecl, Jessica Farger, Martin Schicht, Friedrich Paulsen, Mirela Baus Loncar, Tatjana Pirman
Summary: This study aimed to determine the effect of Tff3 deficiency on intestinal tissues in a long-term high-fat-diet model. The results showed that long-term high-fat-diet had different effects on the intestinal structure of Tff3-deficient male and female mice. In addition, sex-specific differences in duodenal morphology were observed for the first time in Tff3-deficient mice.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pengjiao Xi, Wenjuan Zhu, Yan Zhang, Meng Wang, Huimin Liang, Haomin Wang, Derun Tian
Summary: The study reveals the significant role of hypothalamic TRPV4 in obesity. Overexpressed hypothalamic TRPV4 leads to weight gain, fat accumulation, and hepatic steatosis, while reducing central inflammation induced by high-fat diet. This suggests that hypothalamic TRPV4 could serve as a potential target for therapeutic intervention against obesity.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sora Kang, Aden Geonhee Lee, Suyeol Im, Seung Jun Oh, Hye Ji Yoon, Jeong Ho Park, Youngmi Kim Pak
Summary: Obesity is a chronic peripheral inflammation condition that is strongly correlated with neurodegenerative diseases and associated with exposure to environmental chemicals. This study found that HBU651, a novel AhR antagonist, exhibited anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory activity. It may serve as a potential candidate for the treatment of obesity-related metabolic diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Natalia F. Mendes, Licio A. Velloso
Summary: Brain macrophages and microglia play important roles in immune surveillance of the central nervous system. They release key molecules to prevent further damage to the neuronal network upon inflammatory stimuli. Perivascular macrophages in the hypothalamic area are the first line of defense against pathogens and substances from the blood.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Cheng Li, Jing-Jing Xu, Hong-Tao Hu, Chao-Yi Shi, Chuan-Jin Yu, Jian-Zhong Sheng, Yan-Ting Wu, He-Feng Huang
Summary: Exposure to maternal HFD can lead to obesity and metabolic disorders in male offspring, but has minimal effects on female offspring. Deficiency of Ramp3 in the fetal hypothalamus might contribute to hyperamylinemia in male offspring exposed to maternal HFD.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ryan A. Frieler, Thomas M. Vigil, Jianrui Song, Christy Leung, Carey N. Lumeng, Richard M. Mortensen
Summary: This study showed that a high-fat/high-salt diet can reduce weight gain but does not prevent the metabolic consequences of a high-fat diet, leading to elevated blood glucose levels and impaired glucose control.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Helena Cesar, Marcela Nascimento Sertorio, Esther Alves de Souza, Giovana Jamar, Aline Santamarina, Andrea Juca, Breno Picin Casagrande, Luciana Pellegrini Pisani
Summary: Maternal high-fat, high-sugar diet was found to increase weight, visceral adiposity, and cholesterol levels in weanling male rats, while paternal high-fat, high-sugar diet lowered insulin receptor levels and insulin and glucose levels in offspring. The combination of maternal and paternal high-fat, high-sugar diets increased triacylglycerol levels, leptin levels, and hypothalamic inflammation in weanling rats, as well as increased visceral adiposity in adulthood. Male offspring consuming a control diet after weaning partially reversed the effects of parental high-fat, high-sugar diet during the perinatal period, but adiposity and hypothalamic inflammation were still affected until adulthood.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Xiaolin Chen, Lili Huang, Ling Cui, Zhuoni Xiao, Xiaoxing Xiong, Chen Chen
Summary: High-fat diet is associated with ovulatory disorders, while SGLT2 inhibitors have neuroprotective effects on the central nervous system. This review aims to explore the mechanism of SGLT2 inhibitors in promoting reproductive function in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and obesity.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Natalia Ferreira Mendes, Carlos Poblete Jara, Ariane Maria Zanesco, Eliana Pereira de Araujo
Summary: Under high-fat feeding, the hypothalamus undergoes pro-inflammatory signaling activation, with recent data revealing microglial heterogeneity throughout the brain. The roles of microglial subpopulations in hypothalamic inflammation have been studied, but how each subset functions in response to inflammatory stimuli remains unclear. Novel experimental models have been developed to study the characteristics and roles of microglial subtypes, and transcriptomic data is being used to identify changes in hypothalamic microglial signature under short-term and long-term high-fat feeding.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Xue Wang, Xiaomei Liu, Radouil Tzekov, Chaofeng Yu, Jiasong Yang, Yuliang Feng, Yajun Wu, Yali Xu, Shiying Li, Wensheng Li
Summary: The study found that fenofibrate improved RPE cell damage induced by excessive fat in vitro and in vivo by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Celine Cansell, Katharina Stobbe, Clara Sanchez, Ophelia Le Thuc, Coralie-Anne Mosser, Selma Ben-Fradj, Joris Leredde, Cynthia Lebeaupin, Delphine Debayle, Lucile Fleuriot, Frederic Brau, Nadege Devaux, Alexandre Benani, Etienne Audinat, Nicolas Blondeau, Jean-Louis Nahon, Carole Rovere
Summary: Obesity in humans is associated with brain inflammation, glial reactivity, and immune cell infiltration. Studies in rodents have shown that glial reactivity occurs shortly after consuming a high-fat diet, even before obesity develops, primarily in the hypothalamus. This postprandial inflammation in the brain may contribute to the development of obesity and requires further characterization.
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Alejandra Freire-Regatillo, Sonia Diaz-Pacheco, Laura M. Frago, Maria-Angeles Arevalo, Jesus Argente, Luis M. Garcia-Segura, Maria L. de Ceballos, Julie A. Chowen
Summary: The propensity to develop neurodegenerative diseases is influenced by various factors, including genetic background, sex, lifestyle, and age. High fat diet (HFD) leads to obesity and neurodegeneration, and there are sex differences in the response to HFD, with females showing greater weight gain and fat accumulation.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROANATOMY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Patricia Rivera, Santiago Guerra-Cantera, Antonio Vargas, Francisca Diaz, Rocio Garcia-Ubeda, Ruben Tovar, Maria Teresa Ramirez-Lopez, Jesus Argente, Fernando Rodriguez de Fonseca, Juan Suarez, Julie A. Chowen
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the long-lasting effects of maternal malnutrition during gestation/lactation on inflammation, lipid metabolism, and endocannabinoid signaling in the adult offspring hypothalamus, as well as the role of hypothalamic astrocytes in these changes. The results showed that maternal malnutrition caused sex-specific alterations in hypothalamic endocannabinoid signaling and lipid metabolism. Additionally, hypothalamic astrocytes were found to play a possible role in this process.
NUTRITIONAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Jesus Fernandez-Felipe, Maria Valencia-Avezuela, Beatriz Merino, Beatriz Somoza, Victoria Cano, Ana B. Sanz-Martos, Laura M. Frago, Maria S. Fernandez-Alfonso, Mariano Ruiz-Gayo, Julie A. Chowen
Summary: This study found that diets rich in fatty acids can increase body weight and adiposity, even without increased energy intake. Different intake of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids can differentially modify metabolic parameters. Further research is needed to understand how specific nutrients affect metabolism and obesity-associated complications.
NUTRITIONAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Julie S. Pedersen, Marte O. Rygg, Karoline Chrois, Elahu G. Sustarsic, Zach Gerhart-Hines, Nicolai J. Wever Albrechtsen, Reza R. Serizawa, Viggo B. Kristiansen, Astrid L. Basse, Astrid E. B. Boilesen, Beth H. Olsen, Torben Hansen, Lise Lotte Gluud, Sten Madsbad, Steen Larsen, Flemming Bendtsen, Flemming Dela
Summary: Impaired mitochondrial function in liver tissue may contribute to the pathogenesis and disease progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Patients with obesity have lower mitochondrial capacity in adipose tissues but higher capacity in the liver, without overall associations to NAFLD severity, and bariatric surgery increases hepatic mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial biogenesis.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lasse K. Markussen, Elizabeth A. Rondini, Olivia Sveidahl Johansen, Jesper G. S. Madsen, Elahu G. Sustarsic, Ann-Britt Marcher, Jacob B. Hansen, Zachary Gerhart-Hines, James G. Granneman, Susanne Mandrup
Summary: This study uncovers the transcriptional network controlled by lipolysis in brown adipocytes and shows that lipolysis is required for the activation of the thermogenic gene program by beta-adrenergic signals. PPARs are identified as key mediators of lipolysis-induced activation of lipid metabolism and thermogenic genes. Additionally, lipolysis also activates the unfolded protein response and regulates the core circadian transcriptional machinery independently of PPARs.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vicente Barrios, Santiago Guerra-Cantera, Alvaro Martin-Rivada, Sandra Canelles, Ana Campillo-Calatayud, Eduardo Arilla-Ferreiro, Laura M. Frago, Julie A. Chowen, Jesus Argente
Summary: Leptin is involved in regulating insulin signaling and lipid metabolism in peripheral tissues. This study found that leptin activates insulin signaling and reduces muscle inflammation parameters, while decreasing the levels of non-esterified fatty acids.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Vinicius N. Brito, Ana P. M. Canton, Carlos Eduardo Seraphim, Ana Paula Abreu, Delanie B. Macedo, Berenice B. Mendonca, Ursula B. Kaiser, Jesus Argente, Ana Claudia Latronico
Summary: The etiology of central precocious puberty (CPP) is diverse, including congenital and acquired causes, with associations to structural and functional brain alterations. All causes of CPP lead to premature secretion of hypothalamic GnRH, resulting in premature reactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Excitatory factors and inhibitory factors play important roles in the mechanisms of CPP, which are delicately balanced. Hypothalamic hamartoma is the most well-known congenital cause of CPP, and genetic and epigenetic factors have been found to be influential in the etiology of CPP.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria E. Casado, Roberto Collado-Perez, Laura M. M. Frago, Vicente Barrios
Summary: Excess body weight is often associated with low-grade inflammation, and evidence suggests a relationship between obesity and various diseases, including cancer and diabetes. Leptin, a hormone mainly produced by adipose tissue, plays a role in energy metabolism, neuroprotection, and regulation of peripheral tissues. Resistance to leptin can be related to neurological disorders and compromise its actions. This review discusses recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of leptin and its potential implications for disease treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
Antonio Torrelo, Laura Pericet, Isabel Hernandez-Surmann, Gabriel Martos, Ana Mateos-Mayo, Lucero Noguera-Morel, Angela Hernandez-Martin, Jesus Argente, Isabel Colmenero
JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jesus Argente, Leo Dunkel, Ursula B. Kaiser, Ana C. Latronico, Alejandro Lomniczi, Leandro Soriano-Guillen, Manuel Tena-Sempere
Summary: Puberty, a major maturational event, is determined by genetic factors and influenced by endogenous and environmental cues. Research progress has been made in understanding the neuroendocrine networks governing puberty, but the precise timing and mechanisms of puberty and its alterations are still being deciphered. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the physiological basis of puberty, including the roles of kisspeptins and other central transmitters, the underlying molecular and endocrine mechanisms, and the pathways involved in pubertal modulation. Molecular features of precocious and delayed puberty are also summarized. The review highlights the need for further research in this active field of endocrinology.
LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria E. Casado, Sandra Canelles, Eduardo Arilla-Ferreiro, Laura M. M. Frago, Vicente Barrios
Summary: Leptin can regulate lipid metabolism and reduce adipose tissue stores by inhibiting food intake and altering adipocyte sensitivity to insulin. This study investigated the effects of chronic central leptin administration on lipid metabolism and inflammatory- and insulin-signaling pathways in epididymal adipose tissue. Changes were observed in the expression of key enzymes involved in lipid metabolism, as well as insulin-signaling targets and inflammatory markers.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jesus Argente, Manuel Tena-Sempere
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jordan M. Johnson, Alek D. Peterlin, Enrique Balderas, Elahu G. Sustarsic, J. Alan Maschek, Marisa J. Lang, Alejandro Jara-Ramos, Vanja Panic, Jeffrey T. Morgan, Claudio J. Villanueva, Alejandro Sanchez, Jared Rutter, Irfan J. Lodhi, James E. Cox, Kelsey H. Fisher-Wellman, Dipayan Chaudhuri, Zachary Gerhart-Hines, Katsuhiko Funai
Summary: Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) modulates the proton conductance of UCP1, regulating thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT).
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Peter Bang, Michel Polak, Artur Bossowski, Mohamad Maghnie, Jesus Argente, Marta Ramon-Krauel, Caroline Sert, Valerie Perrot, Sarah Mazain, Joachim Woelfle
Summary: This analysis of the Eu-IGFD data aimed to identify the frequency and predictive factors for hypoglycemia adverse events (AEs) in children treated with rhIGF-1. The results showed that patients with a prior history of hypoglycemia and/or Laron syndrome were more likely to experience hypoglycemia AEs, and they should be carefully monitored throughout treatment.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Gregori Casals, Roser Ferrer Costa, Eulalia Urgell Rull, Hector F. Escobar-Morreale, Jesus Argente, Gemma Sesmilo, Betina Biagetti
Summary: Accurate and reproducible laboratory results for sexual steroids are crucial for diagnosing and treating a wide range of disorders. However, the currently available chemiluminescent immunoassays have limitations that significantly impact clinical scenarios. This position statement examines these limitations and recommends incorporating steroid hormone analysis by mass spectrometry in national health systems, a methodology that international societies have endorsed for a decade.
ADVANCES IN LABORATORY MEDICINE-AVANCES EN MEDICINA DE LABORATORIO
(2023)