Article
Mechanics
Ozgur Tumuklu, Kyle M. Hanquist
Summary: This study investigates the spatial-temporal characteristics of laminar hypersonic flows at Mach 7.10 with different Reynolds numbers. The validity of the continuum assumption is tested by comparing previous kinetic and current continuum approaches. The impact of velocity slip and temperature jumps on flow and surface parameters is investigated. It is found that the flow field depends on spanwise effects and is fully 3D even at low pressure. High-fidelity numerical schlieren videos show strong spanwise oscillations in 3D configurations.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Qiong-Qiong Yang, Wo-Qi Cai, Zhi-Xuan Wang, Yu Li, Yu Zhang, Xiaoling Lin, Bao-Lian Su, Harold Corke, Bo-Bo Zhang
Summary: In this study, lecithin was complexed with polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVPK30) to enhance the stability and bioaccessibility of curcumin. The curcumin-loaded nanocomplexes exhibited uniform sizes (-120 nm), low polydispersity (-0.22), and negative zeta potential (--45 mV). Molecular dynamics simulation study revealed that lecithin and PVPK30 stabilized curcumin through hydrogen bonds, 7C-7C interactions, and hydrophobic interactions. The study provides a new way for curcumin and other hydrophobic compounds with excellent stability and bioaccessibility.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Minghao Yu, Zeyang Qiu, Bowen Zhong, Yusuke Takahashi
Summary: A multi-physics thermochemical non-equilibrium model was established to study the flow characteristics of the plasma sheath around an atmospheric reentry demonstrator. The model successfully simulated the processes of dissociation, ionization, and energy exchanges of air components during aerodynamic heating. The distributions of various parameters were obtained at different flight altitudes and compared with experimental data. The model showed good consistency and the study provided insights into the thermochemical non-equilibrium phenomenon at different flight altitudes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ashlee M. Plummer-Medeiros, Alan T. Culbertson, Claudio L. Morales-Perez, Maofu Liao
Summary: The human ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCA1 plays a critical role in lipid homeostasis. Deleterious mutations of ABCA1 lead to sterol accumulation and are associated with various diseases. The mechanism by which ABCA1 drives lipid movement is poorly understood. In this study, a stable expression system was established for both a human cell-based sterol export assay and protein purification. The produced ABCA1 protein showed activity in sterol export and displayed enhanced ATPase activity. Cryo-EM study revealed multiple distinct conformations and a previously unknown structure of nanodisc-embedded ABCA1. This platform provides important mechanistic and structural insights for investigating ABCA1 modulators.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiaohong Zhang, Stephen H. Wright
Summary: In this study, the turnover rates (TORs) of MATE1 and OCT2 proteins expressed in CHO cells were determined using a quantitative western blot method. The results showed that MATE1 and OCT2 proteins represented 25% and 24%, respectively, of the total expression on the cell surface. The calculated TOR values for MATE1 and OCT2 were consistent with values determined for other transporters.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Debankur Bhattacharyya, Christopher Jarzynski
Summary: This study presents a simple strategy for constructing an information ratchet or memory-tape model of Maxwell's demon by converting a feedback-controlled model. The underlying network structure of the original model is used to design a set of bit interaction rules for the information ratchet. The new model is analytically solved in the limit of long interaction times and semianalytical phase diagrams of operational modes are obtained for finite-time interactions. Stochastic simulations are conducted to verify the theoretical results.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Manuel Sanguinetti, Lucianna Helene Silva Santos, Juliette Dourron, Catalina Alamon, Juan Idiarte, Sotiris Amillis, Sergio Pantano, Ana Ramon
Summary: By combining the AI-based AlphaFold2 program with classical docking methods, this study provides insight into the structural characterization of the Aspergillus nidulans urea transporter UreA. Critical amino acid residues for substrate recognition and transport were identified, and the correlation between computational modeling and experimental results was demonstrated.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wei Tang, An-Qi Li, Jun-Yi Yin, Shao-Ping Nie
Summary: Three water-soluble pectic polysaccharides (WKBP-P2, P3 and P4) were isolated from white kidney bean through ion exchange combined with size-exclusion methods. These polysaccharides were found to have different structural features and molecular sizes, providing a basis for the development of functional food.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Zigan Huang, Zhaosheng Yu, Meirong Li, Yanhui Bin, Xikui Zhang, Chen Wei, Yanfen Liao, Anqing Zheng, Xiaoqian Ma
Summary: This study investigates the catalytic pyrolysis behavior of Chlorella vulgaris (CV) with urea (UR) and its product distribution. The results show that the introduction of UR reduces the temperature and activation energy of the pyrolysis process. Furthermore, the addition of a catalyst enhances certain reaction pathways and promotes the formation of nitrile compounds. The study provides insights into the interaction between CV and UR during pyrolysis and sheds light on the transformation mechanism of nitrogen and oxygen during the reaction.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiadong Liao, Guogang Yang, Shian Li, Quwan Shen, Ziheng Jiang, Hao Wang, Lingyi Xu, Mayken Espinoza-Andaluz, Xinxiang Pan
Summary: The gas diffusion layer (GDL) is vital for effective gas transport in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Structural parameters like carbon fiber diameter, porosity, and thickness significantly influence the mass transfer characteristics of the GDL. Increasing fiber diameter and porosity can enhance gas velocity and diffusion characteristics, while increasing thickness may reduce gas velocity and weaken diffusion, but with less noticeable effects.
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Chongliang Zhong, Ruijun Long, Gavin S. Stewart
Summary: The symbiotic relationship between the host and the rumen microbiome, particularly the process of urea nitrogen salvaging, plays a crucial role in ruminant physiology. The trans-epithelial movement of urea across the ruminal wall, regulated by transport proteins, is a key step in this process. Further research and the use of a wider range of techniques could lead to improvements in livestock efficiency and a reduction in waste nitrogen levels entering the environment.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kazuyo Kamitori, Matsuyuki Shirota, Yuichiro Fujiwara
Summary: This study presents a structural homology model for the substrate binding states of human SGLT1 and investigates its functional characteristics using electrophysiological analysis. Mutations of specific residues enable the transport of non-typical substrates and reproduce the substrate specificity of other isoforms, offering insights into the structural basis of selective transport by SGLTs.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Bing Wang, BaoShuang Shang, XuanQiao Gao, YiTao Sun, JiChao Qiao, WeiHua Wang, MingXiang Pan, PengFei Guan
Summary: The competition between crystallization and vitrification is crucial to the understanding of liquid-glass transition. Differences in atomic packing features in the transition region between crystalline grains and supercooled liquid contribute to distinct crystallization rates of bcc and fcc pure metals, revealing the important role of interface energy in determining crystal growth rate and glass forming ability.
JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
J. Lisa Hoogenboom, Marty Kwok-Shing Wong, Susumu Hyodo, W. Gary Anderson
Summary: In this study, the mechanisms of nitrogen movement across the spiral valve of the cloudy catshark were investigated. The molecular identification of two ammonia transporters (Rhp2 and Rhbg) and a urea transporter (UT) revealed their specific cellular localizations. The mRNA abundance of Rhp2 and UT were found to be influenced by fasting and feeding, indicating their involvement in nitrogen homeostasis in the cloudy catshark.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Changping Zhou, Huigang Shi, Manfeng Zhang, Lijun Zhou, Le Xiao, Shasha Feng, Wonpil Im, Min Zhou, Xinzheng Zhang, Yihua Huang
Summary: This study focuses on the structure and function of MlaFEBD in P. aeruginosa, revealing its role in PL transport. The structure shows that the MlaFEBD complex contains 12 protein molecules, and unlike canonical ABC transporters, nucleotide binding does not trigger significant conformational changes.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
