Editorial Material
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Ze'ev Reches, Jay Fineberg
Summary: Earthquakes are caused by dynamic fractures due to overstresses, not governed by the frictional properties of faults. Frictional interfaces can sustain a wide range of stresses before sliding, generating stress-fields and rupture dynamics. The values of stresses and energy dissipation are determined by fault frictional properties.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Xiaofeng Chen, Sai Sandeep Chitta, Ximeng Zu, Ze'ev Reches
Summary: This study investigates the weakening processes of faults during earthquakes, emphasizing that the weakening at the rupture-front is more efficient than frictional weakening. Experimental results show that the rupture-front can rapidly weaken the entire fault, possibly occurring in natural faults as well.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jonathan Simpson, Kasper Wijk, Ludmila Adam
Summary: Laser ultrasonic measurements revealed a spatial dependence of dynamic nonlinear weakening in rocks from the Alpine Fault in New Zealand, with cataclasites within the damage zone showing significant reduction in shear modulus and increased nonlinear elasticity. The study suggests that rock weakening is strongest near the surface and may play a crucial role in earthquake processes such as fault weakening, triggering of slip, rupture propagation, and coseismic velocity decreases.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Mathias Lebihain, Thibault Roch, Marie Violay, Jean-Francois Molinari
Summary: The study presents a comprehensive analytical framework to predict the influence of linearly slip-dependent friction laws on earthquake nucleation length. Results show that the interplay between frictional properties and asperity size leads to three instability regimes, and that the influence of heterogeneities at a scale far lower than the nucleation length can be averaged.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Yonggui Liu, Lingyan Shen, Mengmeng Hui, Qian Yang, Tinghui Wang
Summary: This paper mainly studied the influence of finite fracture of the micro contact interface under stress wave loading. A two-dimensional interface friction model with a triangular micro bulge was established, and it was found that the interaction between stress disturbance and the micro bulge led to fracture and crack propagation. Additionally, the research revealed the generation of longitudinal waves, transverse waves, and interface waves in the process of fracture. This study is expected to provide an effective approach for earthquake prediction.
ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Scott E. Johnson, Won Joon Song, Senthil S. Vel, Bo Ra Song, Christopher C. Gerbi
Summary: The research estimated surface-area energy density in the dynamic damage zone of a deeply exhumed strike-slip fault/shear zone using garnet fragment size data. The results suggest that surface-energy generation is a nonnegligible component of the earthquake energy budget.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Matt J. Ikari, Andre Huepers
Summary: In laboratory simulations of lithification process, it was found that samples with at least 30% halite content exhibit a combination of velocity strengthening and significant velocity weakening in frictional behavior. The occurrence of velocity weakening is associated with cohesion and porosity reduction in lithified samples, supporting the lithification hypothesis for seismic slip.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2021)
Review
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Massimo Cocco, Stefano Aretusini, Chiara Cornelio, Stefan B. Nielsen, Elena Spagnuolo, Elisa Tinti, Giulio Di Toro
Summary: Large seismogenic faults have fault cores surrounded by damage zones. Earthquakes are caused by rupture propagation and slip within fault cores, dissipating elastic strain energy. Understanding energy partitioning is crucial for explaining fault dynamic weakening and rupture processes. Fracture energy from various studies is reviewed, showing that fracture energy scales with fault slip. Material-dependent fracture energies are important at the microscale but negligible at the macroscale on natural faults.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuanzhe Li, Pengpeng Bai, Hui Cao, Lvzhou Li, Xinxin Li, Xin Hou, Jingbo Fang, Jingyang Li, Yonggang Meng, Liran Ma, Yu Tian
Summary: This study demonstrates a method based on stereo vision to measure three-dimensional traction stress with high spatial and temporal resolution. The method can be applied in various fields such as biology, physics, and robotics, and has important implications for related applications.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Longjun Dong, Qiaomu Luo
Summary: This work reviews the experimental study of fault slip and its relation to earthquakes, discussing the physical processes and mechanisms involved. The main influencing factors in the study of fault and earthquake are stress, velocity, material, fluid, and temperature. These studies have the potential to advance the understanding of earthquake mechanisms and guide earthquake prediction and control.
EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Anita Torabi, John Rudnicki, Behzad Alaei, Giuseppe Buscarnera
Summary: Studying faults is important for various disciplines due to their influence on rock formations' mechanical behavior and hydraulic connectivity. However, the current understanding of fault geometry and growth is limited by traditional fracture mechanics models. Recent advances in non-destructive numerical characterization and Deep Neural Networks enable the extraction of fault geometry and mechanical properties at an unprecedented speed and accuracy, resolving the 3D fault shape and properties in ways that were unthinkable just a decade ago.
EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Federica Paglialunga, Francois X. Passelegue, Nicolas Brantut, Fabian Barras, Mathias Lebihain, Marie Violay
Summary: The potential energy stored around faults during the inter-seismic period is released during earthquakes in the form of radiated energy, frictional dissipation, and fracture energy. The fracture energy is of primary importance in controlling the initiation, propagation, and arrest of seismic rupture. Seismological estimates of fracture energy show a clear dependence on slip, while recent experimental studies suggest fracture energy as a material property independent of seismic slip. Stick-slip experiments were performed to reconcile these observations and show that near-tip weakening controls rupture initiation, while long-tailed weakening enhances slip during propagation.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Srisharan Shreedharan, David Chas Bolton, Jacques Riviere, Chris Marone
Summary: Laboratory experiments show variations in elastic wave velocity and amplitude prior to earthquakes, primarily controlled by fault slip rate, acceleration, and wallrock stress. Preseismic changes in seismic wave speed may be more common than previously thought, underscoring the importance of continuous and long-term monitoring of crustal faults.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Clarrie Macklin, Yoshihiro Kaneko, Jesse Kearse
Summary: Researchers found that shallow low-velocity layers and depth-dependent prestress are the main factors leading to changes in earthquake slip direction and formation of curved slickenlines through dynamic rupture simulations and field observations. These results provide new data support for understanding earthquake rupture evolution.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Ittai Kurzon, Vladimir Lyakhovsky, Yehuda Ben-Zion
Summary: The study focuses on earthquake source properties by simulating dynamic rupture and radiated seismic waves. Source parameters are calculated directly from simulated sources and processed from observational far-field waves. Rupture velocity and dominant frequency play crucial roles in earthquake source characterization.
GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Marta Pischiutta, Aybige Akinci, Elisa Tinti, Andre Herrero
Summary: On August 24, 2016, a M(L)6.0 earthquake hit several villages in central Italy, causing 299 fatalities and significant damage. By adopting a hybrid method to generate broadband seismograms, it was observed that the hybrid simulations have a higher capability to detect near-source effects and reproduce source complexity.
GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Giovanni Lanzano, Lucia Luzi, Carlo Cauzzi, Jarek Bienkowski, Dino Bindi, John Clinton, Massimo Cocco, Maria D'Amico, John Douglas, Licia Faenza, Chiara Felicetta, Frantisek Gallovic, Domenico Giardini, Olga-Joan Ktenidou, Valentino Lauciani, Maria Manakou, Alexandru Marmureanu, Emeline Maufroy, Alberto Michelini, Haluk Ozener, Rodolfo Puglia, Rajesh Rupakhety, Emiliano Russo, Mohammad Shahvar, Reinoud Sleeman, Nikolaos Theodoulidis
Summary: This article introduces the ORFEUS coordinated strong-motion seismology services, including the RRSM and ESM databases, and their features and applications. The RRSM focuses on rapid dissemination of earthquake shaking information, while the ESM provides quality-checked waveforms and reviewed earthquake information. Global access and usage of the data is encouraged.
SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Correction
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Marta Pischiutta, Aybige Akinci, Elisa Tinti, Andre Herrero
GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Kuvvet Atakan, Massimo Cocco, Beata Orlecka-Sikora, Ronald Pijnenburg, Jan Michalek, Christian Ronnevik, Dorota Olszewska, Beata Gorka-Kostrubiec, Martyn R. Drury
Summary: European Plate Observing System (EPOS) is built upon national research infrastructures for data generation, processing, analysis, and archiving. Thematic core services and centralized integrated core services are responsible for data integration and distribution. The diversity of regulations and procedures adopted in different countries poses challenges for the development of dedicated EPOS consortia.
ANNALS OF GEOPHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Kauzar Saleh Contell, Karin Karlzen, Massimo Cocco, Helle Annette Pedersen, Kuvvet Atakan, Daniele Bailo, Otto Lange, Daniela Mercurio, Giovanna Maracchia, Agata Sangianantoni, Diana Piras, Maria Fredella, Carmela Freda
Summary: EPOS is a distributed research infrastructure in Europe aiming to ensure sustainable access to solid Earth science data and services, emphasizing the importance of scientific impact and excellence in research for long-term sustainability. The paper discusses the strategic approach and solutions adopted by EPOS ERIC to address long-term sustainability, focusing on governance and financial models.
ANNALS OF GEOPHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Massimo Cocco, Carmela Freda, Kuvvet Atakan, Daniele Bailo, Kauzar Saleh Contell, Otto Lange, Jan Michalek
Summary: This article introduces the mission and objectives of the European Plate Observing System (EPOS) research infrastructure, as well as the data and tools it provides. EPOS is committed to promoting interdisciplinary and cross-disciplinary research in Earth science, integrating and sharing solid Earth science data through advanced scientific solutions and open access.
ANNALS OF GEOPHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
C. Hanagan, R. A. Bennett, L. Chiaraluce, A. Hughes, M. Cocco
Summary: Static stress transfer is commonly believed to be the primary mechanism for triggering aftershocks, but evaluating this mechanism is subject to observational uncertainties. In this study, we analyze a large dataset of aftershocks following three major earthquakes and find that the resolved failure stress on optimally oriented planes overpredicts the percentage of triggered aftershocks compared to that predicted from observed aftershock rupture planes. Furthermore, observed rupture planes appear to align more closely with pre-existing tectonic structures.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Giacomo Pozzi, Marco M. Scuderi, Elisa Tinti, Manuela Nazzari, Cristiano Collettini
Summary: Fault stability is closely related to the frictional and healing properties of fault rocks and associated fabrics. The reactivation and slip behavior of dolomite-anhydrite analog faults are controlled by fault fabrics. The study reveals that changes in normal stress can result in different fault behaviors, such as large stress drops and high slip velocities, or low stress drops and slow stick-slip events. The integration of microstructural and mechanical data suggests that frictional and chemically assisted healing processes play a relevant role in developing large instabilities in natural faults. Additionally, fault rock heterogeneity modulates the slip velocity function and the dynamics of repeating stick-slip cycles.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
P. Artale Harris, L. Scognamiglio, F. Magnoni, E. Casarotti, E. Tinti
Summary: Moment tensor inversions using 1D models may be inadequate for regions with complex 3D structures. This study presents a new CMT catalog for the Amatrice-Visso-Norcia seismic sequence based on a 3D wave speed model. The solutions obtained using the 3D model show consistency with those from a 1D model in terms of source geometry, kinematics, and magnitude. A new parameter, tau, is introduced to assess the reliability of the MT solutions.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Enrico Balli, Barbara Angioni, Simona Cerrato, Silvia Filosa, Claudio Goffi, Luca Postpischl, Rita Silva, Dorina Stanculescu, Massimo Cocco
Summary: Strategic research communication is gaining increasing recognition in recent years. Research infrastructures need to effectively communicate their scientific research to attract users and influence policy-makers and society. This paper reflects on the experience of developing a communication strategy for the European research infrastructure EPOS and highlights challenges and best practices for successful communication.
ANNALS OF GEOPHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
C. Cornelio, E. Spagnuolo, S. Aretusini, S. Nielsen, F. Passelegue, M. Violay, M. Cocco, G. Di Toro
Summary: During seismic slip, natural faults experience a sudden decrease in shear stress.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Laura Laurenti, Elisa Tinti, Fabio Galasso, Luca Franco, Chris Marone
Summary: This study improves the prediction of labquakes using deep learning methods and expands the research scope. The autoregressive model is introduced to predict fault zone shear stress, and forecasts beyond a single seismic cycle are explored. The results show that these methods outperform existing models and have important implications for earthquake forecasting.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
C. Collettini, M. R. Barchi, N. De Paola, F. Trippetta, E. Tinti
Summary: Analysis of the 2016-2017 Central Italy seismic sequence reveals that seismic activity not only occurs along major fault structures, but also within volumes of Triassic Evaporites with a different frequency-magnitude distribution. The study suggests that ductile crustal deformation can cause distributed microseismicity.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
A. Gualandi, D. Faranda, C. Marone, M. Cocco, G. Mengaldo
Summary: We use dynamical system tools to analyze frictional stick-slip events and investigate the underlying dynamics associated with the transition from stable sliding to unstable motion. Our analysis shows that the seismic cycle exhibits characteristics of a low-dimensional system and the local properties of the attractor require a high number of degrees of freedom. We propose that the lab seismic cycle is best explained by a random attractor based on rate- and state-dependent friction.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Luca Malagnini, Douglas S. Dreger, Robert M. Nadeau, Irene Munafo, Massimo Cocco
Summary: The relation between earthquake parameters and seismic moment, as well as their interpretation in terms of self-similarity, is still debated in literature. A study on global earthquake data found that slip and stress drop values calculated based on corner frequency and elastic rebound theory show different scaling relationships, indicating heterogeneity in the rupture process. Additionally, there is a self-affine behavior observed in the relationship between earthquake size and area and stress drop.
GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Lingyu Zhang, Kristoffer Szilas
Summary: This study presents new petrological and geochemical data for the Narssaq Ultramafic Body (NUB) in the Itsaq Gneiss Complex of SW Greenland. The results indicate that the ultramafic rocks of NUB are not mantle residues, but instead represent crustal cumulates derived from high-Mg magmas.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Rong Xu, Sarah Lambart, Oliver Nebel, Ming Li, Zhongjie Bai, Junbo Zhang, Ganglan Zhang, Jianfeng Gao, Hong Zhong, Yongsheng Liu
Summary: This study investigated the iron isotope compositions of Cenozoic basalts in Southeast China, finding significant variations related to different types of basalts and their respective sources.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
C. J. Ebinger, Miriam C. Reiss, Ian Bastow, Mary M. Karanja
Summary: The East African rift system is formed above mantle upwellings and the formation of rifts is related to lithospheric thinning and magmatic activity. The amount of splitting varies spatially and the fast axes are predominantly parallel to the orientation of the rifts. Thick lithospheric modules have less splitting and different orientations, which may indicate mantle plume flow. Splitting rotates and increases in strength as it enters the rift zones, suggesting that the anisotropy is mainly present at shallow depths.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Correction
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Ekaterina Rojas-Kolomiets, Owen Jensen, Michael Bizimis, Gene Yogodzinski, Lukas Ackerman
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Robert W. Nicklas, Igor S. Puchtel, Ethan F. Baxter
Summary: Oxygen fugacity is a fundamental parameter for understanding redox processes in igneous systems. This study compares the Fe-XANES oxybarometry method with the V-in-olivine method for evaluating fO(2) in MORB lavas. The results show that the V-in-olivine method is not applicable to samples with low MgO content, and that the majority of Archean komatiite sources have lower fO(2) than modern MORB.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Chunfei Chen, Stephen F. Foley, Sebastian Tappe, Huange Ren, Lanping Feng, Yongsheng Liu
Summary: The volatile components CO2 and H2O play a major role in mantle melting and heterogeneity. In this study, Ca isotopes were used to trace the lithological heterogeneity in alkaline magmatic rocks. The results revealed the presence of K-richterite and carbonate components as the source of alkaline magmas with low delta 44/40Ca values. These findings highlight the importance of Ca isotopes as a robust tracer of lithological variation caused by volatiles in the Earth's upper mantle.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Timothee Jautzy, Gilles Rixhon, Regis Braucher, Romain Delunel, Pierre G. Valla, Laurent Schmitt, Aster Team
Summary: Although the current approach to estimate catchment-wide denudation rates using only 10Be concentrations has made significant progress in geomorphology, this study argues for the inclusion of 26Al measurements and testing of steady-state assumptions in slow eroding, formerly glaciated landscapes. The study conducted measurements of both 10Be and 26Al in stream sediments from the Vosges Massif in France and found that elevation, slope, channel steepness, and precipitation were the primary factors controlling denudation rates. The study also revealed a significant relationship between the extent of past glaciation and the cosmogenic (un-)steadiness in the stream sediments.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Erik van der Wiel, Douwe J. J. van Hinsbergen, Cedric Thieulot, Wim Spakman
Summary: Numerical models of Earth's mantle dynamics can predict the vigour and mixing of mantle flow, and the average slab sinking rates are an unexplored parameter that can provide intrinsic information on these characteristics. Through numerical experiments, it has been found that slab sinking rates are strongly correlated with mantle convection and mixing, and may explain geochemical observations from hotspot volcanoes.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)