Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
D. R. L. Brogden, C. Kontovounisios, I. Chong, D. Tait, O. J. Warren, M. Bower, P. Tekkis, S. C. Mills
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy of local excision in patients with ASCC, both with and without HIV infection. The results suggest that local excision can be considered as the sole treatment for stage 1 node-negative tumors, regardless of HIV status, but long-term surveillance is crucial for HIV+ patients who undergo local excision alone.
TECHNIQUES IN COLOPROCTOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Maria Pino, Susan Pereira Ribeiro, Amelie Pagliuzza, Khader Ghneim, Anum Khan, Emily Ryan, Justin L. Harper, Colin T. King, Sarah Welbourn, Luca Micci, Sol Aldrete, Keith A. Delman, Theron Stuart, Michael Lowe, Jason M. Brenchley, Cynthia A. Derdeyn, Kirk Easley, Rafick P. Sekaly, Nicolas Chomont, Mirko Paiardini, Vincent C. Marconi
Summary: Clinical outcomes are inferior in individuals with HIV experiencing suboptimal CD4 T-cell recovery during ART. The study found that immunologic suboptimal responders (ISR) had higher HIV-DNA levels in multiple CD4 T-cell subsets and higher expression of PD-1 and TIGIT exclusively on CM and TM CD4 T-cells pre-ART, indicating higher HIV reservoir maintenance. Additionally, ISR showed a lack of response to IL-7 and IL-15, potentially contributing to suboptimal CD4 T-cell recovery during ART.
Article
Oncology
Danielle R. L. Brogden, Christopher C. Khoo, Christos Kontovounisios, Gianluca Pellino, Irene Chong, Diana Tait, Oliver J. Warren, Mark Bower, Paris Tekkis, Sarah C. Mills
Summary: Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ASCC) is a rare cancer with rapidly increasing incidence in highly developed economies, strongly associated with HIV. HIV positive patients are more likely to experience recurrence with ASCC, but may have a longer time to recurrence compared to HIV negative patients. Younger HIV positive males with prior diagnosis of Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia (AIN) are more likely to have earlier staging and local tumor excision.
Review
Oncology
Ryan M. Carr, Zhaohui Jin, Joleen Hubbard
Summary: Anal cancer is a rare disease with increasing incidence rates each year. Significant clinical trials have established the importance of chemotherapy in the treatment of anal cancer. Additionally, the role of immunotherapy in the management of anal cancer is rapidly evolving.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Isabelle Boucoiran, Helene C. F. Cote, Caroline Jodoin, Chelsea Elwood, Fatima Kakkar, Silvie Valois, Deborah M. Money, Hugo Soudeyns
Summary: This study aimed to determine the frequency and factors associated with CD4 count dropping below 200 cells/mm(3) during pregnancy in women living with HIV. Data from two Canadian cohorts of pregnant women living with HIV were analyzed, and it was found that a drop in CD4 count to <200 cells/mm(3) was uncommon, with factors such as coinfection with hepatitis B or C viruses, lower first visit CD4 counts, and baseline haemoglobin levels <11 g/dL being associated with this drop. The study suggests that monitoring CD4 count once during pregnancy would be safe for women whose CD4 count is >450 cells/mm(3) at the first pregnancy visit.
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Joseph Paez Chavez, Karunia Putra Wijaya, Carla M. A. Pinto, Clara Burgos-Simon
Summary: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease characterized by insufficient production of insulin. This paper proposes a cell model to explain the development of T1D in HIV-infected individuals during immune restoration and antiretroviral therapy. The study verifies theoretical predictions through numerical simulations and establishes accurate parameter thresholds for effective disease treatment.
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
James G. Carlucci, Caroline De Schacht, Erin Graves, Purificacion Gonzalez, Magdalena Bravo, Zhihong Yu, Gustavo Amorim, Folasade Arinze, Wilson Silva, Jose A. Tique, Maria F. S. Alvim, Beatriz Simione, Anibal N. Fernando, C. William Wester
Summary: In Mozambique, the introduction of more inclusive antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation guidelines has led to a decrease in the proportion of children with severe immunodeficiency at ART initiation. Early treatment is crucial for children living with HIV.
JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Pablo Tebas, Julie K. Jadlowsky, Pamela A. Shaw, Lifeng Tian, Erin Esparza, Andrea L. Brennan, Sukyung Kim, Soe Yu Naing, Max W. Richardson, Ashley N. Vogel, Colby R. Maldini, Hong Kong, Xiaojun Liu, Simon F. Lacey, Anya M. Bauer, Felicity Mampe, Lee P. Richman, Gary Lee, Dale Ando, Bruce L. Levine, David L. Porter, Yangbing Zhao, Don L. Siegel, Katharine J. Bar, Carl H. June, James L. Riley
Summary: By infusing CCR5 gene-edited CD4(+) T cells, delay of HIV viral rebound and enhancement of HIV-specific immune responses can be achieved, aiding HIV cure strategies. However, only a minority of patients showed signs of viral replication control, accompanied by significant restoration of HIV-specific CD8(+) T cell responses.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Xiang-Ming Wang, Ji-Yuan Zhang, Xudong Xing, Hui-Huang Huang, Peng Xia, Xiao-Peng Dai, Wei Hu, Chao Zhang, Jin-Wen Song, Xing Fan, Feng-Ying Wu, Fu-Hua Liu, Yuehua Ke, Yifan Zhao, Tian-Jun Jiang, Li-Feng Wang, Yan-Mei Jiao, Ruo-Nan Xu, Lei Jin, Ming Shi, Fan Bai, Fu-Sheng Wang
Summary: By performing single-cell RNA sequencing on T cells from individuals with chronic HIV-1 infection, researchers observed significant loss of naive T cells, prolonged inflammation, and increased response to interferon-alpha in treatment-naive individuals. These effects could be partially restored by antiretroviral therapy. Additionally, CD4(+) and CD8(+) Effector-GNLY clusters were expanded in treatment-naive cases and persistently increased in individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy, which correlated with poor immune restoration.
Editorial Material
Immunology
Jennifer S. Lee, Elizabeth A. Humes, Brenna C. Hogan, Kate Buchacz, Joseph J. Eron, M. John Gill, Timothy R. Sterling, Peter F. Rebeiro, Viviane Dias Lima, Angel Mayor, Michael J. Silverberg, Michael A. Horberg, Richard D. Moore, Keri N. Althoff
Summary: From 2005 to 2018, among 32013 adults with HIV entering care, the median time to ART prescription decreased significantly, while the CD4 count also increased.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Virology
Jie Lan, Wei Li, Richard Yu, Fahim Syed, Qigui Yu
Summary: This article investigates the kinetics and mechanisms of HIV-1 protein expression, virion production, and cell-to-cell virus transmission during provirus reactivation. The study finds that HIV-1 transmission through cell-to-cell contact is more efficient than cell-free spread and relies on the presence of Env on the cell surface and F-actin remodeling. Resting CD4(+) T cells, especially memory cells, are highly susceptible to HIV-1 infection via cell-to-cell transmission. Protease inhibitors and neutralizing antibodies targeting the CD4-binding site can significantly reduce HIV-1 cell-to-cell transmission.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jing Zhang, Xiaoxiao Chen, Yiwen Ye, Weiwei Shen, Xiaohong Ye, Yajun Lin, Zhebin Lin, Shigang Tan, Meiyang Gao, Yingying Ding, Haijiang Lin, Youyi Wang, Na He, Xing Liu
Summary: This study investigates the association between CD4(+) T cell count and combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) with the prevalence of anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among HIV-positive males in China. The results show that increased CD4(+) T cell count is significantly associated with lower prevalence of anal HPV infection, and there is an inverse association between NVP + 3TC + AZT and HR-HPV or LR-HPV infection.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Yan Yuan, Wei-Hao Xie, Rong-Zhen Li, Hui Chang, Zhi-Fan Zeng, Yuan-Hong Gao, Qiao-Xuan Wang, Wei-Wei Xiao
Summary: This study retrospectively analyzed the treatment outcomes and prognostic factors of 59 patients with ASCC in South China, finding that T3-4 stage and M1 stage were independent prognostic risk factors. Patients mainly treated with CRT in M0 stage had better local control, and induction chemotherapy may offer better survival benefits, with CRT recommended as the first choice for treatment.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Dan Yuan, Yan Zhang, Yiping Li, Ling Li, Hong Yang, Wei Yang, Hang Yu, Liao Feng, Shu Liang
Summary: This study analyzed the CD4(+) T cell count changes of PLWH infected with different HIV-1 subtypes in Sichuan Province after treatment, identifying factors such as virus subtype, gender, age, and education level that influence CD4(+) T cell count growth.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Chao Zhang, Jin-Wen Song, Hui-Huang Huang, Xing Fan, Lei Huang, Jian-Ning Deng, Bo Tu, Kun Wang, Jing Li, Ming-Ju Zhou, Cui-Xian Yang, Qi-Wen Zhao, Tao Yang, Li-Feng Wang, Ji-Yuan Zhang, Ruo-Nan Xu, Yan-Mei Jiao, Ming Shi, Feng Shao, Rafick-Pierre Sekaly, Fu-Sheng Wang
Summary: Chronic HIV-1 infection leads to CD4(+) T cell loss, with distinct mechanisms affecting pyroptotic and apoptotic CD4(+) T cells. Pyroptosis is closely associated with inflammation and driven by NLRP3 inflammasome activation, while apoptosis is more related to T cell activation status.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)