Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sandra Santos-Sierra
Summary: Inflammatory arthritis is a group of diseases caused by dysregulated immune system activity, and various medications are used to control the excessive immune response. However, drug resistances, flare-reactions, and adverse effects to current therapies are common in affected patients.
Article
Immunology
Katharina Radakovics, Claire Battin, Judith Leitner, Sabine Geiselhart, Wolfgang Paster, Johannes Stoeckl, Karin Hoffmann-Sommergruber, Peter Steinberger
Summary: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential for recognizing microbial components and initiating immune responses. Although impurities containing TLR ligands can be problematic, this study developed a highly sensitive platform for detecting TLR ligands. By using specific reporter cell lines, the study demonstrated high specificity and sensitivity in detecting various TLR ligands. This system can be used to characterize different TLR ligands, including complex samples like bacterially expressed proteins or allergen extracts, and can help define the structural requirements for TLR agonists.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Yuxuan Du, Shumin Li, Xinyu Wang, Jialu Liu, Yan Gao, Weimiao Lv, Ping Liu, Haiyan Huang, Junwen Luan, Leiliang Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the association between toll-like receptor (TLR) 3/7 gene polymorphisms and HCV infection. The results showed no significant association between rs3775290 gene polymorphism and HCV infection, but individuals with homozygous rs179008-T alleles had a higher risk of HCV infection, particularly in African populations.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Arshpreet Kaur, Jeremy Baldwin, Deshkanwar Brar, Deepak B. Salunke, Nikolai Petrovsky
Summary: The development of new human adjuvants has been revolutionized by the discovery of toll-like receptors (TLRs), leading to a better understanding of their mechanisms of action. This work has important implications for the development of vaccines and immunotherapies against various diseases.
CURRENT OPINION IN CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Nagaraju Konda, Inderjeet Kaur, Prashant Garg, Subhabrata Chakrabarti, Mark D. P. Willcox
Summary: The study identified multiple associations between SNPs in TLR genes and keratitis in an Indian population, providing insights into the risk and molecular pathogenesis of the disease.
CONTACT LENS & ANTERIOR EYE
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Monika Olech, Katarzyna Ropka-Molik, Tomasz Szmatola, Katarzyna Piorkowska, Jacek Kuzmak
Summary: The study identified 14 different SNPs in genes encoding TLR7 and TLR8 in Carpathian breed goats, with 9 of them showing association with SRLVs proviral concentration, indicating a potential role for genetic variations of TLR7 and TLR8 in SRLVs infection.
Article
Microbiology
Axel Dietschmann, Sebastian Schruefer, Stefanie Westermann, Fiona Henkel, Kirstin Castiglione, Ralf Willebrand, Jasmin Adam, Jurgen Ruland, Roland Lang, Donald C. Sheppard, Julia Esser-von-Bieren, Daniel Radtke, Sven Krappmann, David Voehringer
Summary: Eosinophilia is associated with various inflammatory diseases, such as allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). It has been shown that direct interaction between eosinophils and Aspergillus fumigatus is essential for the activation of eosinophils, which then secrete multiple proinflammatory mediators. The PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway plays a crucial role in A. fumigatus-induced eosinophil activation.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Shulei Sun, Yuehao Shen, Jing Feng
Summary: This study found that genetic variants in Toll-like receptors were associated with the risk of COPD, and rs3775291 and rs4696480 may act as potential biomarkers for predicting COPD risk in the Chinese population.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jacob H. L. Thomas, Liang Lui, Andrew Abell, William Tieu, Andrew A. Somogyi, Juliana E. Bajic, Mark R. Hutchinson
Summary: The study found that reducing TLR signaling pathway can enhance acute analgesic effects, but only male TIR8 deficient mice showed less morphine analgesia. TLR2 and TLR4 deficient mice can prevent analgesic tolerance, but MyD88 animals cannot. Withdrawal behaviors are only protected in TLR2(-/-) mice.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh, Michinori Kohara, Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
Summary: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global health problem, and the link between Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and chronic HBV infection is being increasingly recognized. TLR agonists have the potential to enhance the host immune response against HBV infection and improve CHB treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Mengqi Ni, Yi Zhang, Jinbin Zheng, Zhaoxia Cui
Summary: This study investigated the activation function of a type I heat shock protein 40 (PtHSP40-I) from Portunus trituberculatus in the TLR pathway. The results showed that PtHSP40-I can bind to lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan, and also exhibit binding activity towards the extracellular leucine-rich repeat domain of Toll-like receptors. Moreover, PtHSP40-I promotes the translocation of the transcription factor Dorsal and participates in regulating the expression of anti-lipopolysaccharide factor and crustin. These findings provide insights into the activation mechanisms of the TLR pathway mediated by HSP40 and have implications for disease control in P. trituberculatus aquaculture.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Xiaocong Ma, Liying Lu, Yan Tang, Weisheng Luo, Jianxiang Li, Meiwen Tang
Summary: This study conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between TLR gene polymorphism and susceptibility to H. pylori infection, providing high-quality evidence to identify the association between TLR gene polymorphisms and H. pylori infection susceptibility.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Woorim Kim, Tae Hyeok Kim, Soo Jin Oh, Hyun Jeong Kim, Joo Hee Kim, Hyoun-Ah Kim, Ju-Yang Jung, In Ah Choi, Kyung Eun Lee
Summary: The study investigated the effects of TLR4 and TLR9 polymorphisms on response to TNF-alpha inhibitors in RA patients, highlighting an association between TLR9 rs352139 polymorphism and treatment response. Various machine learning methods were utilized for prediction, with elastic net showing the best model for remission prediction.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Rheumatology
Young Ho Lee, Gwan Gyu Song
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association between TLR9 polymorphisms and susceptibility to SLE. The results showed that the rs187084 polymorphism was associated with SLE risk in the Asian population, while the rs352139, rs352140, and rs5743836 polymorphisms were associated with SLE risk in the Asian, European, and Latin American populations, respectively.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jie Gu, Kongdong Li, Hong Lin, Yanwei Wang, Yang Zhou, Dongfeng Chen, Xin Gu, Haifeng Shi
Summary: Cadmium exposure inhibits the expression of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, and may affect the NF kappa B signaling pathway in mouse spleen tissues. By promoting autophagy-lysosomal degradation of TLR9, cadmium suppresses immune response under ConA activation condition.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2023)