Review
Ophthalmology
Federica Storti, Jennifer Pulley, Pascal Kuner, Markus Abt, Ulrich F. O. Luhmann
Summary: Inflammation and endothelial activation play crucial roles in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy. Current studies suggest that certain circulating markers are associated with the presence and severity of DR, however, the relationship between ocular and systemic concentrations requires further investigation.
TRANSLATIONAL VISION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Maria Consiglia Trotta, Carlo Gesualdo, Chiara Bianca Maria Platania, Domenico De Robertis, Mauro Giordano, Francesca Simonelli, Michele D'Amico, Filippo Drago, Claudio Bucolo, Settimio Rossi
Summary: This study identified five miRNAs associated with stages of diabetic retinopathy, validating them as potential prognostic biomarkers and pharmacological targets. Additionally, optical coherence tomography (OCT) assessment showed an increase in the number of hyperreflective spots (HRS) with worsening of DR stages.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Xiaoqin Zheng, Jia Wan, Gang Tan
Summary: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the main cause of vision impairment in the working-age population worldwide, and chronic low-grade inflammation plays a crucial role in its development. The NLRP3 inflammasome in retinal cells has been identified as a significant factor in the pathogenesis of DR. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome leads to the release of inflammatory cytokines and pyroptosis, accelerating DR progression. This review focuses on the mechanisms and potential therapeutic measures targeting NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis in DR treatment.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Krzysztof Gomulka, Michal Ruta
Summary: Diabetic retinopathy (DR), the most common complication in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, is the leading cause of blindness among adults. The development of DR is related to chronic hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, which induce oxidative stress, formation of advanced glycation end-products, microvascular changes, inflammation, and retinal neurodegeneration as key factors in diabetes-associated retinal perturbations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ahmed M. Abu El-Asrar, Mohd I. Nawaz, Ajmal Ahmad, Luna Dillemans, Mairaj Siddiquei, Eef Allegaert, Priscilla W. Gikandi, Gert De Hertogh, Ghislain Opdenakker, Sofie Struyf
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the role of the CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) pathway in inflammation-mediated angiogenesis in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). The results showed that CD40L and CD40 levels were significantly increased in PDR vitreous samples. CD40L and CD40 expression were observed in vascular endothelial cells, leukocytes, and myofibroblasts in epiretinal membranes. Moreover, the researchers found that sCD40L increased retinal vascular permeability and upregulated the expression of VEGF, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1. The study also demonstrated that TNF-alpha and VEGF could regulate the expression of CD40 in HRMECs and Muller cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fatima Sofia Magana-Guerrero, Jose Eduardo Aguayo-Flores, Beatriz Buentello-Volante, Karla Zarco-Avila, Paola Sanchez-Cisneros, Ilse Castro-Salas, Enya De la Torre-Galvan, Jose Luis Rodriguez-Loaiza, Aida Jimenez-Corona, Yonathan Garfias
Summary: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication of diabetes that can lead to vision loss. This study investigated the role of neutrophil traps (NETs) in the progression of DR in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The results showed correlations between NETs and clinical indicators such as fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). These findings suggest that inflammation mediated by NETs may contribute to the development of DR in T2DM patients.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Songtao Yang, Jiaoyue Zhang, Tianshu Zeng, Juan Zheng, Jie Min, Lulu Chen
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the possibilities of circulating exosomal miRNAs in the early screening and prevention of diabetic retinopathy (DR), as well as their function in DR. The results showed that serum-derived exosomal miRNA-3976 has the potential to serve as a biomarker for DR, primarily exerting its effects in the early stages of DR through the regulation of NFκB-associated mechanisms.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
H. Atli, E. Onalan, B. Yakar, T. Kaymaz, D. Duzenci, K. Karakulak, E. Donder, M. F. Gursu, R. Dayanan
Summary: This study investigated the role of serum asprosin level in the pathogenesis and differential diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy. It found that high levels of asprosin may be a risk factor for the development of diabetic complications, such as diabetic retinopathy.
EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yukihisa Suzuki, Motohiro Kiyosawa
Summary: This study examined the relationship between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and systemic factors in 261 patients with type 2 diabetes. Logistic regression analyses revealed that the duration of diabetes, average and highest HbA1c levels, and grade of diabetic nephropathy (DN) significantly correlated with the development of DR. Additionally, the severity of DR was significantly correlated with the duration of diabetes, average HbA1c level, and severity of DN. Logistic regression analyses also showed a significant correlation between the development of diabetic macular edema (DME) and the grade of DN. DN grade is associated with the development of DR and DME, and decreased renal function predicts the onset of DR.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jose-Andres C. Portillo, Jin-Sang Yu, Sarah Vos, Reena Bapputty, Yalitza Lopez Corcino, Alyssa Hubal, Jad Daw, Sahil Arora, Wenyu Sun, Zheng-Rong Lu, Carlos S. Subauste
Summary: CD40 expressed in Muller cells is a central driver of diabetic retinopathy, activating the PLCγ1-ATP-P2X(7)-proinflammatory cytokine pathway and promoting the development of the disease.
Review
Cell Biology
Gaganpreet Kaur, Norman R. Harris
Summary: The endothelial glycocalyx (EG) is a network located on the surface of the endothelium, consisting of proteoglycans attached to core proteins. It plays a crucial role in maintaining endothelial barrier integrity, regulating inflammation and perfusion, and acting as a mechanosensor. Loss of the EG can lead to endothelial dysfunction and progression of vascular diseases. This review provides an overview of the structure and function of the EG in the retina, focusing on hyperglycemia-induced perturbations, potential mechanisms, and clinical trials studying protective treatments for EG degradation.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jannah Waled Hassan, Ashay D. Bhatwadekar
Summary: Diabetic retinopathy is a common complication of diabetes that can result in vision impairment and blindness. Recent studies have shown that cellular senescence and the release of inflammatory cytokines play a critical role in the progression of diabetic retinopathy. Senolytic drugs that selectively eliminate senescent cells show promise in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Ze-Hui Shi, Xiao-Yan Han, Mu-Di Yao, Chang Liu, Qin Jiang, Biao Yan
Summary: This study identified 72 miRNAs that were differentially expressed in EPCs following high glucose stress, with target genes involved in protein binding, cell differentiation, and cytoskeleton based on GO analysis. KEGG pathway analysis revealed the association between cGMP-PKG signaling pathway and miRNA-mediated EPC function. The up-regulation of miR-375-3p in clinical samples of DR patients was verified, and its inhibition protected EPCs against hyperglycemic or hypoxic stress-induced injury, enhancing cell viability, proliferation, migration, tube formation ability, and delaying apoptosis.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lingli Ma, Yan Wen, Zimeng Li, Nan Wu, Qing Wang
Summary: This study found that miRNAs can be used as potential diagnostic markers for DR, with high accuracy of diagnoses observed with the detection of miRNAs in plasma and serum.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kangcheng Liu, Hua Zou, Huimin Fan, Hanying Hu, Yanhua Cheng, Jingying Liu, Xiaojian Wu, Bolin Chen, Zhipeng You
Summary: Aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid hormone, has effects beyond the urinary tract. It may play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) through regulating oxidative stress, vascular regulation, and inflammatory mechanisms. Mineralocorticoids, including aldosterone, have great potential for the diagnosis and treatment of DR. However, targeted research is still in its early stages and there are obstacles to its clinical application. Recent studies have improved understanding of aldosterone's effects on DR, aiming to explore mechanisms for treatment and prevention of DR.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Ryan Eyn Kidd Man, Alfred Tau Liang Gan, Eva K. Fenwick, Kelvin Yi Chong Teo, Anna C. S. Tan, Gemmy Chui Ming Cheung, Zhen Ling Teo, Neelam Kumari, Tien Yin Wong, Ching-Yu Cheng, Ecosse Luc Lamoureux
Summary: The study found that incident late AMD had a significant impact on all aspects of VRQoL among an Asian population, with presenting VA contributing minimally to this longitudinal relationship. There were no significant associations noted with incident early AMD.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Anna C. S. Tan, Miao Li Chee, Beau J. Fenner, Paul Mitchell, Yih Chung Tham, Tyler Rim, Kelvin Teo, Shaun S. Sim, Ching Yu Cheng, Tien Yin Wong, Usha Chakravarthy, Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung
Summary: This study aimed to report the incidence of age-related changes in drusen volume detected by optical coherence tomography (OCT) over a span of 6 years and their systemic and ocular associations. The results showed that the incidence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) detected at 6 years was low. Drusen volume in the macular region either decreased, remained stable, or increased over the 6-year period. Older age, smoking, and chronic kidney disease were associated with decreased drusen volume, while older age and hypertension were associated with increased drusen volume.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Bingyao Tan, Nicole-Ann Lim, Rose Tan, Alfred Tau Liang Gan, Jacqueline Chua, Simon Nusinovici, Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung, Usha Chakravarthy, Tien Yin Wong, Leopold Schmetterer, Gavin Tan
Summary: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters from both the retinal and choroidal microvasculature can be used to detect the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Choriocapillaris parameters show better discrimination between non-diabetic and diabetic without DR groups. Evaluating both retinal and choroidal microvasculature significantly improves the detection of diabetic retinopathy.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Yi Xuen Chai, Alfred Tau Liang Gan, Eva K. Fenwick, Abraham Y. Sui, Benjamin Kye Jyn Tan, Debra Q. Y. Quek, Chaoxu Qian, Tien Yin Wong, Ching-Yu Cheng, Ecosse Luc Lamoureux, Ryan Eyn Kidd Man
Summary: This study aims to examine the relationship between vision impairment (VI) and employment outcomes in a multiethnic Asian population. The results suggest that even mild VI is associated with unemployment and underemployment.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Graham A. Wilson, Kirsten Cheyne, Sandhya Ramrakha, Antony Ambler, Gavin S. W. Tan, Avshalom Caspi, Ben Williams, Karen Sugden, Renate Houts, Rachael L. Niederer, Tien Yin Wong, Terrie E. Moffitt, Richie Poulton
Summary: This study investigated whether macular drusen in midlife are associated with accelerated biological ageing. The results showed no significant association between macular drusen and the pace of ageing or facial ageing.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPTOMETRY
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Hou Boon Lim, Tien-En Tan, Beau J. Fenner, Jenny Heah, Anshu Arundhati, Wei Boon Khor, Pui Yi Boey, Shu Yen Lee, Edmund Y. M. Wong, Tien Yin Wong
Summary: The Singapore National Eye Centre (SNEC) successfully reduced outpatient attendances and surgical load during the national lockdown due to COVID-19, by carefully planning and implementing operational changes. By optimizing space and time utilization, as well as developing new care models, the center was able to quickly recover its pre-pandemic patient load during the phased reopening of the country.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
David N. O'Neal, Ohad Cohen, Sara Vogrin, Robert A. Vigersky, Alicia J. Jenkins
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the relationships between continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) time in range (TIR), time below range (TBR), time above range (TAR), and glucose coefficient of variation (CV) in older people with type 1 diabetes. The results showed strong correlations between TIR and TAR, weak correlation between TBR and TIR, and no significant correlation between CV and glucose variability. It is recommended to prioritize TBR targets to reduce hypoglycemic risk in older individuals and address TBR independently of TIR.
DIABETES TECHNOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Angela Sheu, Rachel L. O'Connell, Alicia J. Jenkins, Thach Tran, Paul L. Drury, David R. Sullivan, LiPing Li, Peter Colman, Richard O'Brien, Y. Antero Kesaniemi, Jacqueline R. Center, Christopher P. White, Anthony C. Keech
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the fracture risk in patients with type 2 diabetes and the diabetes-related characteristics associated with fracture risk. The analysis of fracture data from the FIELD trial showed that in men, fracture risk was independently associated with macrovascular disease and insulin use, while in women, fracture risk was independently associated with peripheral neuropathy and insulin use.
DIABETES-METABOLISM RESEARCH AND REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Ophthalmology
Laima Brazionis, Nicola Quinn, Sami Dabbah, Chris D. Ryan, Dennis M. Moller, Hilary Richardson, Anthony C. Keech, Andrzej S. Januszewski, Jakob Grauslund, Malin Lundberg Rasmussen, Tunde Peto, Alicia J. Jenkins
Summary: Advancements in retinal imaging technology have made it possible to quantitatively evaluate the retinal vasculature. Changes in retinal vessel caliber and geometry have been observed in various systemic diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. Several retinal vessel analysis softwares are available, some specific to certain diseases and others for a broader context. In research studies, semi-automated software has identified associations between retinal vessel caliber and geometry and the presence or risk of diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and dementia. This article reviews and compares widely used semi-automated retinal vessel analysis softwares and their associations with ocular imaging findings in common systemic diseases. Original data comparing retinal caliber grading in individuals with Type 1 diabetes using two softwares is also provided, showing good agreement.
GRAEFES ARCHIVE FOR CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Ophthalmology
Yu Huang, Carol Y. Cheung, Dawei Li, Yih Chung Tham, Bin Sheng, Ching Yu Cheng, Ya Xing Wang, Tien Yin Wong
Summary: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death globally, and the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in analyzing ocular images has the potential to enhance CVD risk prediction. This review provides an overview of AI-based ocular image analysis for predicting CVD and discusses the limitations in AI research and the challenges in clinical practice.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Kang-An Wong, Bryan Chin Hou Ang, Dinesh Visva Gunasekeran, Rahat Husain, Joewee Boon, Krishna Vikneson, Zyna Pei Qi Tan, Gavin Siew Wei Tan, Tien Yin Wong, Rupesh Agrawal
Summary: This study investigates the performance of a novel remote perimetry application designed in a virtual reality metaverse environment to enable functional testing in community-based and primary care settings. The results show that the remote perimetry application has good concordance with the gold standard perimetry and could potentially be used for functional eye screening in out-of-hospital settings.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Chan Joo Lee, Tyler Hyungtaek Rim, Hyun Goo Kang, Joseph Keunhong Yi, Geunyoung Lee, Marco Yu, Soo-Hyun Park, Jin-Taek Hwang, Yih-Chung Tham, Tien Yin Wong, Ching-Yu Cheng, Dong Wook Kim, Sung Soo Kim, Sungha Park
Summary: This study validated a personalized cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk scoring system, named Reti-CVD, based on retinal images. The risk groups defined by Reti-CVD were significantly associated with increased CVD risk and remained effective in a comprehensive model with other risk factors.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nick S. R. Lan, Regina S. Y. Hong, Christopher Ryan, Alicia J. Jenkins, P. Gerry Fegan
Summary: There are barriers to lipid management in type 1 diabetes, including lack of awareness of cardiovascular risk and cholesterol levels, preference for managing glycaemia over lipids, preference for lifestyle modification over pharmacotherapy, and statin side-effect concerns.
PRIMARY CARE DIABETES
(2023)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Cynthia Ciwei Lim, Crystal Chong, Gavin Tan, Chieh Suai Tan, Carol Y. Cheung, Tien Y. Wong, Ching Yu Cheng, Charumathi Sabanayagam
Summary: This study found that retinal vessel calibre measurements obtained by a deep learning system were significantly associated with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. The addition of kidney function and retinal vessel calibre parameters improved the prediction of CVD risk among CKD patients.
CLINICAL KIDNEY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Kai Xiong Cheong, Hengtong Li, Yih Chung Tham, Kelvin Yi Chong Teo, Anna Cheng Sim Tan, Leopold Schmetterer, Tien Yin Wong, Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung, Ching-Yu Cheng, Qiao Fan
Summary: This study evaluated the relationship between genetic susceptibility to AMD and retinal thickness, finding that certain genetic variants were associated with thinner retinal layers, particularly the photoreceptor layers. These findings suggest that retinal thickness could serve as a potential risk marker for prodromal AMD, highlighting the importance of considering topographic variation.
OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE
(2023)