Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lara Frommer, George J. Kahaly
Summary: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) often cluster together in individuals and families, sharing common genetic predispositions. Various genes related to immune regulation have been identified to increase susceptibility to both diseases.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Allergy
Giovanni Santacroce, Marco Vincenzo Lenti, Nicola Aronico, Emanuela Miceli, Elisabetta Lovati, Pietro Carlo Lucotti, Luigi Coppola, Antonella Gentile, Mario Andrea Latorre, Francesco Di Terlizzi, Simone Soriano, Chiara Frigerio, Ivan Pellegrino, Alessandra Pasini, Cristina Ubezio, Jacopo Mambella, Roberta Canta, Alessandra Fusco, Giovanni Rigano, Antonio Di Sabatino
Summary: Conflicting data regarding the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with autoimmune disorders are currently available. This study assessed the susceptibility to COVID-19 in drug-naive patients with autoimmune diseases and found that autoimmunity per se does not increase the susceptibility to COVID-19. The study also suggests that COVID-19 is mild in these patients.
PEDIATRIC ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Navoda Atapattu, Marie Amoroso, Michael Powell, D. G. Harendra de Silva, K. Shamya H. de Silva, Jadwiga Furmaniak, Bernard Rees Smith, Lakdasa D. Premawardhana
Summary: This study assessed the prevalence of insulin and thyroid-related autoantibodies in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and their siblings in Sri Lanka. The results showed a high prevalence of autoantibodies in T1D children, and a correlation between insulin and thyroid autoantibodies. Additionally, the study found differences in the prevalence of insulin and thyroid autoantibodies between T1D children and unaffected siblings.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Juan-juan Zhang, Jun-qi Wang, Xu Xu, Li-dan Zhang, Cai-ping Zhang, Wen-li Lu, Wei-qiong Gu, Zhi-ya Dong, Yuan Xiao, Zhen-wei Xia
Summary: This study found a high frequency of celiac disease autoantibodies (CDAbs) in Chinese children with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The expression profile of circRNAs in T1D children with CDAbs was different from that of general T1D patients. Hsa_circ_0004564 and its parental gene RAPH1 may be new targets for studying immune mechanisms in children with T1D and celiac disease (CD).
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Ake Lernmark, Beena Akolkar, William Hagopian, Jeffrey Krischer, Richard McIndoe, Marian Rewers, Jorma Toppari, Kendra Vehik, Anette-G. Ziegler, TEDDY Study Grp
Summary: The etiology of type 1 diabetes involves pancreatic islet beta-cell autoimmune pathogenesis that leads to the clinical onset of the disease. By testing autoantibodies against insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase, islet antigen-2, and ZnT8 transporter, children can be monitored from birth until the appearance of the first islet autoantibody. The incidence rate of the first-appearing autoantibody follows two different patterns, and an innate immune reaction may precede the adaptive response.
JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
R. David Leslie, Carmella Evans-Molina, Jacquelyn Freund-Brown, Raffaella Buzzetti, Dana Dabelea, Kathleen M. Gillespie, Robin Goland, Angus G. Jones, Mark Kacher, Lawrence S. Phillips, Olov Rolandsson, Jana L. Wardian, Jessica L. Dunne
Summary: Recent epidemiological data indicates that over half of new cases of type 1 diabetes occur in adults. Key genetic, immune, and metabolic differences are present between adult-onset and childhood-onset type 1 diabetes, many of which remain poorly understood.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nicole Prinz, Sascha R. Tittel, Rainer Bachran, Robert Birnbacher, Joachim Brueckel, Desiree Dunstheimer, Holger Haberland, Melanie Hess, Wolfram Karges, Rudolf Oeverink, Andreas Veigel, Reinhard W. Holl
Summary: The study found that female patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus accompanied by other autoimmune diseases had a higher proportion, with a longer duration of diabetes. Patients with other autoimmune diseases require more insulin, while Addison's disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis are more likely to have neuropathy, but with a lower rate of microalbuminuria.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Colin M. Dayan, Rachel E. J. Besser, Richard A. Oram, William Hagopian, Manu Vatish, Owen Bendor-Samuel, Matthew D. Snape, John A. Todd
Summary: Recent studies have shown that monitoring pancreatic islet autoantibodies and genetic risk assessment can identify most children who will develop T1D, with immunotherapy and primary prevention methods showing success in delaying disease progression. By shifting focus towards early diagnosis and b cell preservation, a future without daily insulin injections for children with T1D is anticipated.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Teresa Quattrin, Lucy D. Mastrandrea, Lucy S. K. Walker
Summary: Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, and individuals with this disease rely on insulin for survival. Despite advancements, the burden of this disease remains high. Research shows that blocking the immune attack on beta cells holds promise in preserving endogenous insulin production.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nicole Prinz, Sascha R. Tittel, Rainer Bachran, Robert Birnbacher, Joachim Brueckel, Desiree Dunstheimer, Holger Haberland, Melanie Hess, Wolfram Karges, Rudolf Oeverink, Andreas Veigel, Reinhard W. Holl
Summary: Autoimmune diseases, including Type 1 diabetes mellitus, are common and may be linked to other autoimmune diseases like autoimmune thyroid disease or Addison's disease. Patients with additional autoimmune diseases in T1DM may require higher insulin doses and have varying rates of complications such as neuropathy and microalbuminuria.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Maria Pina Dore, Giuseppe Fanciulli, Malik Rouatbi, Sandro Mereu, Giovanni Mario Pes
Summary: This retrospective case-control study aimed to explore the prevalence of thyroid disorders (TDs) in adult celiac patients from Northern Sardinia. The results showed a significantly higher incidence of autoimmune thyroid disorders in celiac patients compared to non-autoimmune thyroid disorders. These results suggest the need for surveillance for thyroid disorders in patients with celiac disease.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiaofan Jia, Ling He, Dongmei Miao, Caiguo Zhang, Marian Rewers, Liping Yu
Summary: The ongoing clinical trial, Autoimmunity Screening for Kids (ASK), is the first study in the general population in the United States to screen for type 1 diabetes (T1D) and celiac disease. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, there is an urgent need to understand the epidemiology of COVID-19 in the general population and its association with T1D development. A novel 6-Plex electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assay has been developed and validated as the primary screening tool for the ASK study, offering high efficiency, low cost, and low serum volume for the detection of T1D, celiac disease, and COVID-19.
JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lu-Ting Wang, Chi-Yu Huang, Chao-Hsu Lin, Bi-Wen Cheng, Fu-Sung Lo, Wei-Hsin Ting, Yann-Jinn Lee
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, incident ages, and risk factors of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The study found that the prevalence of AITD increases with age, longer disease duration, and female sex. Therefore, an annual AITD screening program should be implemented for early detection of autoimmune thyroid disease in Taiwanese children and adolescents with T1D.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Martina Parise, Antonio Cutruzzola, Faustina Barbara Scavelli, Claudio Carallo, Agostino Gnasso, Concetta Irace
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of concomitant autoimmune thyroiditis (AT) and/or coeliac disease (CD) on arterial wall thickening and endothelial function in Type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients. The results showed that T1D patients with AT and/or CD did not exhibit worse morphological or functional vascular damage compared to patients without these autoimmune diseases.
DIABETOLOGY & METABOLIC SYNDROME
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Shenghua Zong, Anita M. M. Vinke, Peng Du, Carolin Hoffmann, Marina Mane-Damas, Peter C. C. Molenaar, Jan G. M. C. Damoiseaux, Mario Losen, Rob P. W. Rouhl, Pilar Martinez-Martinez
Summary: The clinical significance of anti-GAD65 autoantibodies (GAD65-Abs) in patients with epilepsy and other neurological disorders is still unclear. High levels of GAD65-Abs are considered pathogenic, while low or moderate levels are seen as bystanders in diseases like diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1). The value of cell-based assays (CBA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for detecting GAD65-Abs has not been clearly evaluated in this context.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)