Article
Cell Biology
Alba Sabate-Perez, Montserrat Romero, Paula Sanchez-Fernandez-de-Landa, Stefania Carobbio, Michail Mouratidis, David Sala, Pablo Engel, Josep A. Villena, Sam Virtue, Antonio Vidal-Puig, Manuel Palacin, Xavier Testar, Antonio Zorzano
Summary: The study reveals a novel molecular mechanism by which TP53INP2 regulates PPARG activity and brown adipogenesis through autophagy, and demonstrates the importance of TP53INP2 in maintaining thermogenic capacity and preventing lipid accumulation in brown adipose tissue. These findings provide insights into the therapeutic strategies against obesity and its metabolic complications.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Mingzhu Yan, Suwei Jin, Zhi Wang, Tianji Xia, Yongguang Liu, Qi Chang
Summary: Limonin, a compound found in citrus fruits, has been found to effectively combat obesity by reducing fat mass and body weight gain, and improving fatty liver and hyperlipidemia caused by a high-fat diet. It also promotes the browning of white adipose tissues and prevents the whitening of brown adipose tissue in mice. These effects are associated with the activation of PGC-1 alpha pathway. Overall, limonin shows great potential for regulating energy balance and treating obesity.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ching-Fang Chang, Amanda L. Gunawan, Irene Liparulo, Peter-James H. Zushin, Ambre M. Bertholet, Yuriy Kirichok, Andreas Stahl
Summary: Coenzyme Q deficiency affects respiration in brown adipose tissue by regulating UCP1 expression, leading to increased mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased ADP/ATP ratios. This deficiency also enhances cold sensitivity.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Subramanian Senthivinayagam, Vlad Serbulea, Clint M. Upchurch, Renata Polanowska-Grabowska, Suresh K. Mendu, Srabani Sahu, Prathiba Jayaguru, Kevin W. Aylor, Mahendra D. Chordia, Limor Steinberg, Nathaniel Oberholtzer, Seichii Uchiyama, Noriko Inada, Ulrike M. Lorenz, Thurl E. Harris, Susanna R. Keller, Akshaya K. Meher, Alexandra Kadl, Bimal N. Desai, Bijoy K. Kundu, Norbert Leitinger
Summary: By studying the activity of Panx1 channels in brown adipocytes, it was discovered that Panx1 channels play a significant role in regulating thermogenesis induced by beta 3AR, with potential therapeutic implications for thermoregulation.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhengyan Zhang, Di Yang, Junwei Xiang, Jingwen Zhou, Hua Cao, Qishi Che, Yan Bai, Jiao Guo, Zhengquan Su
Summary: Thermogenic organs in mammals play a crucial role in increasing heat production and energy regulation. Targeting specific signalling pathways to enhance energy expenditure via brown adipose tissue may be a potential strategy for treating obesity and related diseases. Studies have shown that various natural products can promote thermogenesis through different signalling pathways, offering potential for future research on weight-loss nutraceuticals or drugs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Oana C. Kulterer, Carsten T. Herz, Marlene Prager, Christoph Schmoeltzer, Felix B. Langer, Gerhard Prager, Rodrig Marculescu, Alexandra Kautzky-Willer, Marcus Hacker, Alexander R. Haug, Florian W. Kiefer
Summary: There is a higher prevalence of active brown adipose tissue (BAT) in lean individuals compared to obese individuals. However, the volume and activity of BAT are similar between lean and obese individuals with active BAT. In obese participants, there is a strong negative correlation between visceral fat and BAT volume, glucose uptake, and cold-induced thermogenesis.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mueez U-Din, Eleni Rebelos, Teemu Saari, Tarja Niemi, Katharina Kuellmer, Olli Eskola, Tobias Fromme, Johan Rajander, Markku Taittonen, Martin Klingenspor, Pirjo Nuutila, Lauri Nummenmaa, Kirsi A. Virtanen
Summary: The expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) in supraclavicular brown adipose tissue (BAT) is directly related to brain metabolism during cold stress. This relationship is observed in various brain regions, such as the hypothalamus, medulla, and frontal lobe. Future research is needed to determine the clinical implications of these findings, particularly in relation to cognitive functions under cold stress.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhichao Wang, Qiong A. Wang, Yong Liu, Lei Jiang
Summary: Brown adipose tissue functions as an 'energy sink' in mammals, burning calories through substrates like lipids, glucose, and other metabolites to produce heat and support thermogenesis, contributing to overall metabolic homeostasis.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xiaomeng Liu, Zhi Zhang, Yajie Song, Hengchang Xie, Meng Dong
Summary: Overweight and obesity have become global problems, with limited effective intervention approaches. Activating brown adipose tissue and browning white adipose tissue can protect against obesity and related metabolic diseases. However, important issues such as the causality between increased brown adipose tissue activity and body weight loss are still unresolved. This review comprehensively summarizes approaches to activating brown adipose tissue and/browning white adipose tissue and discusses the functional mechanisms of small-molecule treatment and brown adipose tissue transplantation.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Khanyisani Ziqubu, Sithandiwe E. Mazibuko-Mbeje, Sinenhlanhla X. H. Mthembu, Sihle E. Mabhida, Babalwa U. Jack, Tawanda M. Nyambuya, Bongani B. Nkambule, Albertus K. Basson, Luca Tiano, Phiwayinkosi V. Dludla
Summary: Metformin promotes thermogenic activity in brown adipose tissue, leading to reduced body weight, improved insulin sensitivity, and enhanced glucose metabolism, thus ameliorating complications associated with obesity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Katalin Gyurina, Mariia Yarmak, Laszlo Sasi-Szabo, Sarolta Molnar, Gabor Mehes, Tamas Roeszer
Summary: Studying subcutaneous adipose tissues in fetuses, infants, and children, we found that UCP1-positive adipocytes are mainly located in the deep layer of adipose tissue, particularly in the abdominal wall. These UCP1-positive adipocytes develop in late fetal stage and persist throughout childhood, expressing genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis and thermogenesis. The absence of UCP1 expression in adipose tissue during the early childhood adiposity rebound phase is associated with an obesity-related gene expression signature. UCP1 expression is negatively correlated with BMI z-score and adipocyte size in infants and children.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Anna-Claire Pilkington, Henry A. Paz, Umesh D. Wankhade
Summary: Adipose tissue is classified based on its characteristics, but differentiating beige adipose tissue (BeAT) remains a challenge. Recent research focuses on identifying different types of adipose tissue through transcript markers to advance understanding of their biology. The development of concrete strategies to distinguish types of adipose tissue may be crucial for improving metabolic health and preventing excessive weight gain.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rafael C. Gaspar, Jose R. Pauli, Gerald Shulman, Vitor R. Munoz
Summary: This article discusses the thermogenic activity and energy expenditure contribution of BAT, as well as the recently discovered secretory molecules batokines from BAT that may explain the beneficial effects of BAT on glucose and fat metabolism.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Tim Hollstein, Karyne Vinales, Kong Y. Chen, Aaron M. Cypess, Alessio Basolo, Mathias Schlogl, Jonathan Krakoff, Paolo Piaggi
Summary: This study found that thrifty individuals, who experience a greater decrease in 24-hour energy expenditure during short-term fasting, also have lower cold-induced brown adipose tissue activation. The reduced CIBA may explain the lower capacity for cold-induced thermogenesis and greater predisposition towards weight gain in individuals with a thrifty metabolism.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anna Fosch, Maria Rodriguez-Garcia, Cristina Miralpeix, Sebastian Zagmutt, Maite Larranaga, Ana Cristina Reguera, Jesus Garcia-Chica, Laura Herrero, Dolors Serra, Nuria Casals, Rosalia Rodriguez-Rodriguez
Summary: Sensing of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) in the hypothalamus modulates energy balance and disruption leads to obesity. The effects of saturated or unsaturated LCFA on hypothalamic-brown adipose tissue (BAT) axis and underlying mechanisms were investigated. Unsaturated LCFA increased BAT thermogenesis through CPT1C-mediated FA metabolism shift, while saturated LCFA did not. These findings provide new insight into neuronal circuitries activated by LCFA to drive thermogenesis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Andrew Currie, Roel Bolckmans, Alan Askari, James Byrne, Ahmed R. Ahmed, Rachel L. Batterham, Kamal Mahawar, Alexander Dimitri Miras, Chris M. Pring, Peter K. Small, Richard Welbourn
Summary: This study analyzed the baseline characteristics, disease severity, and operations performed on people with obesity and T2DM undergoing bariatric-metabolic surgery in the NHS. The study found that bariatric-metabolic surgery is used for people with T2DM much later in the disease process when it is less effective. National guidance and data from RCTs have had little impact on clinical practice.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Vickram Vijay Anand, Ethan Lee Cheng Zhe, Yip Han Chin, Wen Hui Lim, Rachel Sze Jen Goh, Chaoxing Lin, Cheng Han Ng, Gwyneth Kong, Phoebe Wen Lin Tay, Kamala Devi, Mark Muthiah, Vijai Singh, Dinh-Toi Chu, Chin Meng Khoo, Mark Y. Chan, Georgios K. Dimitriadis, Roger Foo, Nicholas W. S. Chew
Summary: The obesity epidemic is a global health concern, especially in Asian countries. This review explores the barriers and facilitators of weight management for patients with overweight and obesity in Asia. It reveals that patients face obstacles such as lack of social support, physiological limitations, and low health literacy, while healthcare professionals are unaware of these barriers and focus on patients' motivation and health literacy as obstacles.
ENDOCRINE PRACTICE
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Pia Roser, Bianca M. Leca, Claudia Coelho, Klaus-Martin Schulte, Jackie Gilbert, Eftychia E. Drakou, Christos Kosmas, Ling Ling Chuah, Husam Wassati, Alexander D. Miras, James Crane, Simon J. B. Aylwin, Ashley B. Grossman, Georgios K. Dimitriadis
Summary: Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare endocrine malignancy, accounting for about 1% of primary hyperparathyroidism cases. A systematic review of literature was conducted to analyze data on parathyroid carcinoma patients, including molecular pathogenesis, clinical presentation, treatment, and overall survival. The review included 75 studies from 17 countries, covering over 3000 patients. CDC73 mutation plays a pivotal role in the molecular pathogenesis of parathyroid carcinoma. En bloc resection is the recommended surgical approach, and targeted therapy based on molecular biomarkers shows promise as a novel treatment option.
ENDOCRINE-RELATED CANCER
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
David C. C. Llewellyn, Hugh Logan Ellis, Simon J. B. Aylwin, Eduard Ostarijas, Shauna Green, William Sheridan, Nicholas W. S. Chew, Carel W. W. le Roux, Alexander D. D. Miras, Ameet G. G. Patel, Royce P. P. Vincent, Georgios K. K. Dimitriadis
Summary: Postprandial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia with neuroglycopenia is a recognized complication of bariatric surgery. This systematic review suggests that GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) may reduce the number of postprandial hypoglycemic episodes and improve glycemic variability.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Pia Roser, Klaus Christian Mende, Georgios K. Dimitriadis, Marius Marc-Daniel Mader, Jens Aberle, Joerg Flitsch, Roman Rotermund
Summary: In this prospective study, we identified screening parameters and associated factors for delayed, symptomatic hyponatremia (DSH) following inpatient discharge after transsphenoidal surgery (TSS). We found that female sex, lower BMI, nausea, and emesis were associated with DSH. Handing out a symptom questionnaire at discharge seems to be an easy and feasible tool for the detection of DSH after hospital discharge.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Chaoxing Lin, Wan Hsien Loke, Bing Han Ng, Yip Han Chin, Bryan Chong, Rachel Sze Jen Goh, Gwyneth Kong, Christen En Ya Ong, Kai En Chan, Clarissa Fu, Tasha Idnani, Mark D. Muthiah, Chin Meng Khoo, Roger Foo, Poay Huan Loh, Mark Y. Chan, Adrian Brown, Georgios K. Dimitriadis, Nicholas W. S. Chew
Summary: Although most attention is given to obesity in myocardial infarction research, there is increasing evidence that underweight patients have a poor prognosis. This study aimed to explore the prevalence, characteristics, and outcomes of underweight patients at risk of myocardial infarction. A meta-analysis of studies reporting outcomes in underweight patients with myocardial infarction was conducted, revealing a prevalence of 2.96% and a 66% higher mortality hazard ratio compared to normal weight patients. Underweight patients had increased mortality rates over time and were less likely to receive guideline-directed therapy. Asian populations showed higher mortality risks compared to Caucasian populations. The study emphasizes the need to address underweight as a modifiable risk factor in clinical practice guidelines.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Preeshila Behary, Haya Alessimii, Alexander D. Miras, George Tharakan, Kleopatra Alexiadou, Madhawi M. Aldhwayan, Sanjay Purkayastha, Krishna Moorthy, Ahmed R. Ahmed, Stephen R. Bloom, Tricia M. Tan
Summary: This study aimed to investigate whether the elevation in postprandial concentrations of gut hormones accounts for the beneficial changes in food preferences, sweet taste function, and eating behavior after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). A randomized single-blind study was conducted, where GLP-1, OXM, PYY (GOP) or saline was infused for 4 weeks in subjects with obesity and prediabetes/diabetes. The results showed that GOP treatment reduced daily energy intake by 27% and restraint eating was significantly reduced, but no significant changes in food preferences, sweet taste function, and consummatory reward value of sweet taste were observed.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Bryan Chong, Gwyneth Kong, Kannan Shankar, H. S. Jocelyn Chew, Chaoxing Lin, Rachel Goh, Yip Han Chin, Darren Jun Hao Tan, Kai En Chan, Wen Hui Lim, Nicholas Syn, Siew Pang Chan, Jiong-Wei Wang, Chin Meng Khoo, Georgios K. Dimitriadis, Karn Wijarnpreecha, Arun Sanyal, Mazen Noureddin, Mohammad Shadab Siddiqui, Roger Foo, Anurag Mehta, Gemma A. Figtree, Derek J. Hausenloy, Mark Y. Chan, Cheng Han Ng, Mark Muthiah, Mamas A. Mamas, Nicholas W. S. Chew
Summary: A study analyzed global trends and mortality rates of metabolic diseases in individuals aged below 40 using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors Study 2019. The highest death rates were observed in hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Obesity had the highest disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), followed by hypertension, hyperlipidemia, T2DM, and NAFLD. Mortality rates decreased over time in hyperlipidemia, hypertension, NAFLD, and T2DM but increased in obesity. By 2050, obesity is projected to contribute to the largest number of deaths, followed by hypertension, hyperlipidemia, T2DM, and NAFLD.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Gwyneth Kong, Yip H. Chin, Jieyu Lim, Cheng H. Ng, Shankar Kannan, Bryan Chong, Lin Chaoxing, Kai E. Chan, Vickram V. Anand, Ethan C. Z. Lee, Shaun Loong, Zhen Y. Wong, Chin M. Khoo, Mark Muthiah, Roger Foo, Georgios K. Dimitriadis, Gemma A. Figtree, Wang Yibin, Mark Chan, Nicholas W. S. Chew
Summary: This study examined the prognosis of the US general population with obesity based on hypertension control. It found that mortality rates were higher in individuals with uncontrolled or controlled hypertension compared to those without hypertension. This emphasizes the importance of optimizing hypertension control and promoting weight loss for better outcomes in obese individuals.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Clyve Yu Leon Yaow, Bryan Chong, Yip Han Chin, Martin Tze Wah Kueh, Cheng Han Ng, Kai En Chan, Ansel Shao Pin Tang, Charlotte Chung, Rachel Goh, Gwyneth Kong, Mark Muthiah, Indah Sukmawati, Antonia Anna Lukito, Mark Y. Chan, Chin Meng Khoo, Anurag Mehta, Mamas A. Mamas, Georgios K. Dimitriadis, Nicholas W. S. Chew
Summary: Previous studies have shown that females with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may have excess mortality risk compared to their male counterparts. This umbrella review demonstrates that females with T2DM have a higher risk of cardiovascular outcomes than their male counterparts.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nikolaos Kyriakakis, Marilena Giannoudi, Satish S. Kumar, Khyatisha Seejore, Georgios K. Dimitriadis, Harpal Randeva, Adam Glaser, Michelle Kwok-Williams, Georgina Gerrard, Carmel Loughrey, Ahmed Al-Qaissi, Ramzi Ajjan, Julie Lynch, Robert D. Murray
Summary: Survivors of childhood brain tumors and teenage and young adult cancer survivors have an adverse cardiovascular risk profile, including elevated total cholesterol, LDL-C, insulin, and increased insulin resistance. They also show adverse body composition, with increased total and truncal fat mass. Both childhood-onset and adult-onset brain tumor survivors exhibit an adverse metabolic profile and increased body fat, potentially increasing their risk of vascular morbidity and mortality.
ENDOCRINE CONNECTIONS
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Migena Luli, Giles Yeo, Emma Farrell, Jane Ogden, Helen Parretti, Emma Frew, Stephen Bevan, Adrian Brown, Jennifer Logue, Vinod Menon, Nadya Isack, Michael Lean, Chris McEwan, Paul Gately, Simon Williams, Nerys Astbury, Maria Bryant, Kenneth Clare, Georgios K. Dimitriadis, Graham Finlayson, Nicola Heslehurst, Brett Johnson, Sarah Le Brocq, Audrey Roberts, Patrick McGinley, Julia Mueller, Mary O'Kane, Rachel L. Batterham, Kath Roberts, Alexander Dimitri Miras
Summary: This report discusses the potential impact of defining obesity as a disease on various aspects including patients, healthcare system, economy, and society. Speakers from different disciplines provided their viewpoints and expertise, aiming to explore the implications and gaps in data. The common goal is to provide a healthcare system that supports and protects patients, strategies that protect the economy and society, and policies that reduce stigma and promote health equity.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Bryan Chong, Jayanth Jayabaskaran, Gwyneth Kong, Yiong Huak Chan, Yip Han Chin, Rachel Goh, Shankar Kannan, Cheng Han Ng, Shaun Loong, Martin Tze Wah Kueh, Chaoxing Lin, Vickram Vijay Anand, Ethan Cheng Zhe Lee, Jocelyn Chew, Darren Jun Hao Tan, Kai En Chan, Jiong-Wei Wang, Mark Muthiah, Georgios K. Dimitriadis, Derek J. Hausenloy, Anurag J. Mehta, Roger Foo, Gregory Lip, Mark Y. Chan, Mamas A. Mamas, Carel W. le Roux, Nicholas W. S. Chew
Summary: This study analyzed global trends and projections of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and deaths from malnutrition and obesity. It found that malnutrition-related DALYs are decreasing while obesity-related DALYs are increasing. The highest burden of malnutrition is observed in Africa and low socio-demographic index (SDI) countries, while the highest burden of obesity is in the Eastern Mediterranean and middle SDI countries.
Article
Surgery
Tina Mazaheri, Saleem Ansari, Madhavi Nallagonda, Lars Kollmann, Felix Nickel, Florian Seyfried, Alexander Dimitri Miras
Summary: Obesity requires a long-term multimodal approach, starting with lifestyle intervention and potentially combining medication and surgery. This article provides an overview of conservative medicinal treatment regimens, approved medications, and ongoing studies, emphasizing the importance of combination treatment. Data suggests that a multimodal approach can lead to long-term weight loss and metabolic benefits for patients.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mona M. Watany, Marwa M. Elhosary
Summary: Circulating TWEAK and CD163 appear to be promising biomarkers for monitoring myocardial iron overload and predicting iron-induced cardiac decompensation in TDTM patients.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lixin Xiao, Kang Tang, Ting Fu, Xiaojie Yuan, Samuel Seery, Weilu Zhang, Zhaohua Ji, Zhen He, Yan Yang, Wenhua Zhang, Wenling Jia, Chunhui Liang, Haitao Tang, Fengmei Wang, Yancheng Ye, Lihua Chen, Zhongjun Shao
Summary: This study investigated the characteristics of cytokine/chemokine profiles during chronic hepatitis B virus infection and the effects of nucleotide analogues antiviral therapy on cytokine profiles. The results suggest that specific cytokines and virological markers may serve as potential indicators of different immune statuses in chronic HBV infection, while nucleotide analogues antiviral therapy has limitations in altering cytokine profiles.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Desiree Gutmann, Melanie Dressler, Olaf Eickmeier, Eva Herrmann, Marta Kirwil, Ralf Schubert, Stefan Zielen, Ulrich M. Zissler
Summary: This study found that obese adolescents have increased bronchial inflammation, which may be caused by the pro-inflammatory effects of obesity itself. This finding is important for understanding the relationship between obesity and airway diseases.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wei Liu, Hui Zeng
Summary: IGF2BP2 enhances the expression of GPX4 through m6A modification, thereby suppressing ferroptosis and attenuating inflammation and pathological changes in ulcerative colitis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiaohua Li, Junping Xu, Xin Lin, Qiong Lin, Tianxing Yu, Lin Chen, Lifang Chen, Xiaoqing Huang, Xueping Zhang, Geng Chen, Liyu Xu
Summary: Macrophages play a significant role in the progression of cryptococcosis. This study investigated the potential involvement of macrophage-derived exosomes in the pathogenesis of cryptococcosis. The study analyzed the changes of microRNAs in macrophage exosomes and explored the effects of highly expressed exo-miRNAs on human endothelial cell permeability, ROS accumulation, and pyroptosis in bronchial epithelioid cells. The results showed that exo-miR-4449 plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of cryptococcosis and holds promise as a significant biomarker for treatment.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
E. Melinda Mahabee-Gittens, Georg E. Matt, Matthew J. Mazzella, John T. Doucette, Parita Ratnani, Ashley L. Merianos
Summary: This study examined the associations between inflammatory markers and pediatric illnesses related to children's exposure to tobacco smoke. The results showed that parent-reported child tobacco smoke exposure was associated with increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in children, while children with bacterial diagnoses had higher levels of IL-8.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jin-Yu Liang, Hai-Jun Wei, Yi-Yun Tang
Summary: Isthmin is a polypeptide secreted by adipocytes that plays important biological functions in growth and development, angiogenesis, and metabolism. ISM-1, as a regulator of cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and immune microenvironments, plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of cancer. Furthermore, ISM-1 acts as a regulator of adipocyte glucose uptake and hepatic lipid synthesis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Abhishek Singh, Baishakhi Mahapatra, Arpita Banerjee, Samer Singh, Sangram Singh, Vikash K. Dubey, Pradeep Das, Rakesh K. Singh
Summary: In Leishmania infection, antigen-activated CD4+ T cells expressing CD200R receptors are the main source of IL-10 production. The expression of CD200R helps T cells acquire the ability to produce IL-10 as a survival strategy in leishmaniasis pathogenesis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xun Chen, Chaofeng Wang, Guolong Zhao, Zhong Li, Wentao Zhang, Tao Song, Congming Zhang, Ning Duan
Summary: Failure of bone healing after fracture often results in nonunion, but the underlying mechanism of nonunion pathogenesis is poorly understood. This study reveals that the inflammatory microenvironment in atrophic nonunion inhibits the expression of DNA methyltransferases, resulting in overexpression of CtBP1/2. The increased CtBP1/2 acts as transcriptional corepressors that suppress the expression of six genes involved in bone healing. The disruption of this signaling may represent a new therapeutic strategy to prevent nonunion incidence after bone fracture.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuwei Peng, Meng Zhang, Jiangkang Hu
Summary: This review article provides an overview of the pivotal role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the activity and pathogenesis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These ncRNAs regulate various FLS activities including metastasis, proliferation, and cytokine production. Additionally, the study discusses potential therapeutic approaches involving modulation of ncRNAs to regulate FLS activity.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Milad Khorasani
Summary: This review discusses the role of the cGAS-STING pathway in CRC and highlights the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting this pathway.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gustavo de Souza Vieira, Talita de Carvalho Kimura, Joao Figueira Scarini, Reydson Alcides de Lima-Souza, Luccas Lavareze, Carolina Emerick, Mayara Trevizol Goncalves, Ingrid Iara Damas, Tayna Figueiredo-Maciel, Raisa Sales de Sa, Iara Goncalves Aquino, Joao Paulo Goncalves de Paiva, Patricia Maria Fernandes, Moises Willian Aparecido Goncalves, Luiz Paulo Kowalski, Albina Altemani, Gary Chris Fillmore, Fernanda Viviane Mariano, Erika Said Abu Egal
Summary: This article provides an in-depth review of the role of hematopoietic cytokines in the tumor microenvironment of head and neck cancers, and summarizes the current clinical trials and findings on the therapeutic application of these cytokines.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Oznur Copur, Havva Yazici, Erhan Canbay, Burak Durmaz, Ebru Canda, Sema Kalkan Ucar, Mahmut Coker, Eser Yildirim Sozmen
Summary: This study explores the oxidative stress, antioxidant parameters, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in MPS patients. The results suggest that inflammation plays a role in MPS patients, especially in untreated MPS III and MPS VI patients. The study also highlights potential targets for treatment development.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Saikat Fakir, Nektarios Barabutis
Summary: GHRHAnt have been shown to have protective effects on endothelial cells, opposing interferon-gamma-induced inflammation and barrier disruption.