Review
Plant Sciences
Willian G. Viana, Johannes D. Scharwies, Jose R. Dinneny
Summary: Well-adapted root systems are crucial for plant growth and agricultural productivity. Staple crops like rice and maize have complex root systems, with the embryonic root system playing a key role in early seedling establishment and the nodal root system becoming more significant as the plant matures.
PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Virgilija Gaveliene, Sigita Jurkoniene, Elzbieta Jankovska-Bortkevic, Danguole Svegzdiene
Summary: This study assessed the impact of elevated temperature on the growth, morphology, and spatial orientation of lupine roots, as well as the formation of root architecture. The results showed that the two lupine species responded differently to the temperature increase. Elevated temperature negatively affected the growth and spatial orientation of Lupinus polyphyllus, while promoting root development in L. luteus. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential impact of global warming on the invasiveness of these lupine species.
Article
Plant Sciences
Shuo Liu, Naheeda Begum, Tingting An, Tuanjie Zhao, Bingcheng Xu, Suiqi Zhang, Xiping Deng, Hon-Ming Lam, Henry T. Nguyen, Kadambot H. M. Siddique, Yinglong Chen
Summary: Phenotypic variation and correlations among root traits in soybean varieties play a crucial role in plant growth and adaptation strategies. By using a semi-hydroponic system, this study explored the variability in root morphological traits of 171 soybean genotypes, identifying significant positive correlations between root length/mass and shoot mass. The reliability of the semi-hydroponic system in phenotyping root trait variability at the early growth stage in soybean germplasms was validated through consistent rankings of genotypes in important root traits.
Review
Plant Sciences
Saman Maqbool, Muhammad Adeel Hassan, Xianchun Xia, Larry M. York, Awais Rasheed, Zhonghu He
Summary: Roots play essential roles in plants, including nutrient uptake, storage, support, and interaction with the soil. Understanding root traits is important for optimizing resource use efficiency and increasing grain yield in cereal crops. However, breeding efforts focusing on root traits have been limited due to phenotyping challenges. Advances in genomics and imaging technologies can help us better understand root function and genetics, leading to improved root system architecture and cereal breeding.
Review
Plant Sciences
Pooja Tripathi, Sangita Subedi, Abdul Latif Khan, Yong-Suk Chung, Yoonha Kim
Summary: Silicon is a common element in soil that enhances root morphological traits in various crop species, promoting plant growth. Advanced image analysis methods utilizing machine learning technologies allow for comprehensive study of root functions and the effects of Si application on roots.
Article
Robotics
Aliakbar Akbari, Sara Bernardini
Summary: The study introduces an informed exploration approach that utilizes reachability graph and adaptive navigation for safe exploration in underground environments. Experimental results demonstrate that this method enables more efficient exploration in confined spaces.
IEEE ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LETTERS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Manvi Sharma, Dhriti Singh, Harshita B. Saksena, Mohan Sharma, Archna Tiwari, Prakhar Awasthi, Halidev Krishna Botta, Brihaspati Narayan Shukla, Ashverya Laxmi
Summary: Root system architecture is a crucial trait regulated by physical factors and hormones, with phytohormones playing a key role in influencing root development through diverse mechanisms. Understanding the complex interactions among hormones is essential for improving crop performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yan Xu, Jiyuan Wang, Ruiqi Wang, Lei Wang, Caixi Zhang, Wenping Xu, Shiping Wang, Songtao Jiu
Summary: The study revealed significant changes in grapevine root architecture and endogenous strigolactone content under root-restriction cultivation, with key roles played by VvCCD8 and VvD27 genes. Treatment with synthetic SL analog GR24 resulted in decreased root length, altered root diameter, and lateral root density.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Jianping Zhao, Lihui Jiang, Hanrui Bai, Yuliang Dai, Kuixiu Li, Saijie Li, Xiaoran Wang, Lixia Wu, Qijing Fu, Yanfen Yang, Qian Dong, Si Yu, Meixian Wang, Haiyan Liu, Ziai Peng, Haiyan Zhu, Xiaoyan Zhang, Xie He, Yan Lei, Yan Liang, Liwei Guo, Hongji Zhang, Decai Yu, Yixiang Liu, Huichuan Huang, Changning Liu, Sheng Peng, Yunlong Du
Summary: Root system architecture (RSA) and tiller development in rice are regulated by the IGT family genes, which are influenced by the genetic background of the rice and different environmental conditions. The study found a positive correlation between RSA (including root width, length, and area) and tiller number, and observed different expression patterns of IGT family genes under irrigation and drought conditions.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wenqi Zheng, Yangyi Zhao, Yunfan Chen, Jinhong Park, Hyunchul Shin
Summary: This research developed design space exploration techniques and environments for optimal system design, including computing modules and memories. By modifying SRAM and computing module sizes, designers can efficiently explore the design space and choose the optimal architecture that minimizes cost while meeting performance specifications.
ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Shota Teramoto, Yusaku Uga
Summary: In this study, we developed a semi-automatic workflow that tracks individual root growth by vectorizing root system architecture (RSA) from time-series 3D images. This workflow can be applied to the time-series analysis of RSA development and plasticity.
Article
Plant Sciences
Alenna Vazquez-Glaria, Bettina Eichler-Loebermann, F. G. Loiret, Eduardo Ortega, Mareike Kavka
Summary: Soil salinity is a critical issue for rice production and is often linked to phosphorus deficiency. Plant hormones such as brassinosteroids have been shown to play a role in plant response to stress. This study compared the growth and root characteristics of two rice cultivars under salt stress, phosphorus limitation, and brassinosteroid treatment. The results showed that salt mainly affected root size and extent, while phosphorus supply mitigated the negative effects of salt on root growth in one of the cultivars. Brassinosteroid treatment had minimal impact on plant development in both experiments. Root traits may be useful for selecting salt-tolerant and phosphorus-efficient rice cultivars.
Article
Agronomy
Ye Sha, Zheng Liu, Zhanhong Hao, Yiwen Huang, Hui Shao, Guozhong Feng, Fanjun Chen, Guohua Mi
Summary: This study investigated the root system architecture and dynamic root growth of rain-fed maize under a conservative strip tillage system. The results showed that root growth was inhibited during the vegetative stage, but the root xylem bleeding rate was increased in the post-silking stage compared to conventional tillage. The uneven distribution of soil bulk density and temperature in the strip tillage system affected the root system architecture.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Jennifer MacMillan, Rajan Shrestha, Curtis B. Adams, Philip O. Hinson, Calvin Trostle
Summary: This research aimed to analyze the belowground traits development of guar plants, including roots and nodules. It was found that root weight is highest at the soil surface and decreases with depth, while significant accumulation of nodule weight occurs by 60 days. Nodules are mainly concentrated near the soil surface, with smaller nodules present at all depths.
ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Dichao Ma, Hirofumi Fukuda, Naoyuki Sotta, Toru Fujiwara
Summary: Plant root system architecture can adapt to different nutritional conditions, and the root slanting behavior in Arabidopsis thaliana is affected by ionomic analysis and the expression of ribosome protein RPL13aC. The decreased root slanting phenotype in mutants of RPL13aC is caused by the reduced K+ content in shoots, which affects the expression of HAK5 in roots. The abnormal thigmotropic responses in rpl13ac mutants also contribute to their defects in root slanting.
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Ioanna Antoniadi, Vladimir Skalicky, Guiling Sun, Wen Ma, David W. Galbraith, Ondrej Novak, Karin Ljung
Summary: For complex multicellular tissues of higher plants, single-cell suspensions can be obtained by digesting cell walls and can be analyzed through flow cytometry and cell sorting. The sorted protoplasts have various downstream applications.
Article
Plant Sciences
Dimitris Templalexis, Dikran Tsitsekian, Chen Liu, Gerasimos Daras, Jan Simura, Panagiotis Moschou, Karin Ljung, Polydefkis Hatzopoulos, Stamatis Rigas
Summary: A proton-coupled potassium transporter plays an important role in regulating root hair development and root gravitropism in Arabidopsis. This transporter facilitates polar auxin transport, which is essential for cell differentiation and gravitropic response in root epidermal cells. The study highlights the importance of HAK/KUP/KT proton-coupled K+ transporters in plant development.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dhika Amanda, Felix P. Frey, Ulla Neumann, Marine Przybyl, Jan Simura, Youjun Zhang, Zongliang Chen, Andrea Gallavotti, Alisdair R. Fernie, Karin Ljung, Ivan F. Acosta
Summary: Auxin plays an essential role during barley pollen maturation by boosting the expression of genes involved in energy production pathways and promoting starch accumulation. This finding suggests that auxin can drive plant cell development by modulating central carbon metabolism, leading to growth and differentiation.
Article
Plant Sciences
Ruben Casanova-Saez, Eduardo Mateo-Bonmati, Jan Simura, Ales Pencik, Ondrej Novak, Paul Staswick, Karin Ljung
Summary: The study reveals the involvement of group II GH3 gene family in regulating IAA concentration, which greatly impacts plant growth, development, and stress tolerance. The findings provide new insights into the roles of group II GH3s in plant development and hormone-regulated processes.
Article
Plant Sciences
Maxime Hamon-Josse, Jose Antonio Villaecija-Aguilar, Karin Ljung, Ottoline Leyser, Caroline Gutjahr, Tom Bennett
Summary: In this study, the researchers discovered that the KAI2 protein in plants regulates seedling morphogenesis by controlling the auxin transport system. The findings indicate that the kai2 phenotypes arise from the inability of KAI2 to regulate auxin transport in seedlings, rather than a failure to respond to light.
Article
Plant Sciences
Catriona H. Walker, Alexander Ware, Jan Simura, Karin Ljung, Zoe Wilson, Tom Bennett
Summary: To maximize reproductive success, flowering plants need to time their entry and exit from the reproductive phase correctly. This study reveals that the end-of-flowering in Arabidopsis is a complex developmental phenomenon involving the arrest of the inflorescence meristem and floral primordia. It also demonstrates that cytokinin plays a crucial role in regulating the end-of-flowering in Arabidopsis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Matteo Grenzi, Stefano Buratti, Ambra Selene Parmagnani, Ilaria Abdel Aziz, Iwona Bernacka-Wojcik, Francesca Resentini, Jan Simura, Fabrizio Gandolfo Doccula, Andrea Alfieri, Laura Luoni, Karin Ljung, Maria Cristina Bonza, Eleni Stavrinidou, Alex Costa
Summary: In Arabidopsis thaliana, local wounding and herbivore feeding trigger Ca2+ waves that are dependent on the activity of glutamate receptor-like channels (GLRs). GLRs are also required for the synthesis of jasmonic acid (JA) and the subsequent signaling response for plant acclimation. The mechanism of GLR activation is still unclear.
Article
Plant Sciences
Joris Jourquin, Ana Ibis Fernandez, Qing Wang, Ke Xu, Jian Chen, Jan Simura, Karin Ljung, Steffen Vanneste, Tom Beeckman
Summary: GOLVEN peptides regulate lateral root spacing in Arabidopsis by inhibiting auxin accumulation and regulating the expression of auxin response genes. This is achieved through the action of PIN3 and PIN7 auxin export proteins in xylem-pole pericycle cells.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Alon Israeli, Ramona Schubert, Nave Man, Naama Teboul, Juan Carlos Serrani Yarce, Emily E. Rosowski, Miin-Feng Wu, Matan Levy, Idan Efroni, Karin Ljung, Bettina Hause, Jason W. Reed, Naomi Ori
Summary: Fruit formation is dependent on successful fertilization and is susceptible to weather fluctuations affecting pollination. The auxin hormone plays a role in fruit initiation and growth after fertilization. This study examines the regulation of fruit set and growth by the ARF family in tomato and Arabidopsis, and demonstrates that reducing the activity of SlARF8 genes can improve yield stability in fluctuating temperatures.
Article
Cell Biology
Maria Ntefidou, D. Magnus Eklund, Aude Le Bail, Sylwia Schulmeister, Franziska Scherbel, Lisa Brandl, Wolfgang Doerfler, Chantal Eichstaedt, Anna Bannmueller, Karin Ljung, Benedikt Kost
Summary: The RHO guanosine triphosphatases (ROP) family in plants play a crucial role in regulating cell differentiation and behavior. In the study, it is found that PpRIC protein in Physcomitrium patens interacts with active PpROP1 and accumulates in the nucleus, mediating the crosstalk between ROP and auxin signaling pathways, contributing to the maintenance of apical initial cell identity.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Iwona Bernacka-Wojcik, Loic Talide, Ilaria Abdel Aziz, Jan Simura, Vasileios K. Oikonomou, Stefano Rossi, Mohsen Mohammadi, Abdul Manan Dar, Maria Seitanidou, Magnus Berggren, Daniel T. Simon, Klas Tybrandt, Magnus P. Jonsson, Karin Ljung, Totte Niittyla, Eleni Stavrinidou
Summary: In this study, a flexible organic electronic ion pump was developed for controlled delivery of phytohormones in plant vascular tissue, which can induce long distance plant responses. The system provides a new tool for the study and engineering of stress-tolerant plants. The results showed that the delivery of ABA triggered stomata closure far away from the delivery point, indicating systemic vascular transport of the delivered ABA.
Article
Plant Sciences
Janos Urbancsok, Evgeniy N. Donev, Pramod Sivan, Elena van Zalen, Felix R. Barbut, Marta Derba-Maceluch, Jan Simura, Zakiya Yassin, Madhavi L. Gandla, Michal Karady, Karin Ljung, Sandra Winestrand, Leif J. Jonsson, Gerhard Scheepers, Nicolas Delhomme, Nathaniel R. Street, Ewa J. Mellerowicz
Summary: Stem bending in trees induces flexure wood, but its properties and development are poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of low-intensity stem flexing on growth and wood properties in hybrid aspen. The results showed that stem flexing stimulated gelatinous-fiber formation, reduced secondary wall thickness, and changed matrix polysaccharides, leading to improved wood properties. The study also revealed the involvement of various transcriptional and hormonal pathways in the response to stem flexing.
Article
Plant Sciences
Vladimir Skalicky, Ioanna Antoniadi, Ales Pencik, Ivo Chamrad, Rene Lenobel, Martin F. Kubes, Marek Zatloukal, Asta Zukauskaite, Miroslav Strnad, Karin Ljung, Ondrej Novak
Summary: Auxin and cytokinin show subcellular distribution in Arabidopsis cells, forming hormone gradients. This finding provides important insights into the mechanisms of plant growth and development.
Article
Plant Sciences
Linkan Dash, Sivakumar Swaminathan, Jan Simura, Caitlin Leigh P. Gonzales, Christian Montes, Neel Solanki, Ludvin Mejia, Karin Ljung, Olga A. Zabotina, Dior R. Kelley
Summary: The GATU10 gene plays an important role in Arabidopsis root development and its mutation leads to restricted root growth. The study found that reduced root growth in the mutant was due to a decrease in both root apical meristem size and epidermal cell elongation. Furthermore, GATU10 affected the composition of pectin and hemicellulose in the root. Molecular analysis also revealed associations between the GATU10 mutant and genes related to auxin metabolism and peroxisome function. Overall, these findings suggest that pectin composition may influence auxin pathways and peroxisome activity.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jenna Lihavainen, Jan Simura, Pushan Bag, Nazeer Fataftah, Kathryn Megan Robinson, Nicolas Delhomme, Ondrej Novak, Karin Ljung, Stefan Jansson
Summary: Deciduous trees exhibit autumn senescence driven by environmental seasonality, with different genotypes starting senescence at different times. By integrating omics studies, the researchers found that aspen genotypes utilize similar transcriptional cascades and metabolic cues, but the timing of senescence initiation is controlled by environmental changes and the ability of each genotype to sustain stress tolerance mediated by salicylic acid.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
