Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Juan F. Ayala-Cabrera, Lidia Montero, Sven W. Meckelmann, Florian Uteschil, Oliver J. Schmitz
Summary: The use of atmospheric pressure ionization (API) sources in GC-MS analysis has gained popularity due to its advantages over traditional vacuum ionization sources. This review focuses on recent advances in GC-API-MS instrumentation, discussing new setups and couplings, as well as the development of novel API sources. In addition, new ionization strategies are reviewed to overcome drawbacks of GC-API-MS methodologies.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Bibi Zareena, Adeeba Khadim, Syed Usama Y. Jeelani, Saddam Hussain, Arslan Ali, Syed Ghulam Musharraf
Summary: The study identified different classes of alkaloids in plant extracts using LC-MS/MS, providing valuable data for drug discovery and understanding biological pathways.
JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Vera H. de Kleijne, Annemieke C. Heijboer, Robert de Jonge, Mariette T. Ackermans
Summary: The addition of supercharging reagents can enhance ionization efficiencies for some hormones, but it does not significantly improve sensitivity in hormone measurements with LC-MS/MS.
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Karolina Lendzion, Agnieszka Gornowicz, Jakub W. Strawa, Katarzyna Bielawska, Robert Czarnomysy, Bozena Poplawska, Krzysztof Bielawski, Michal Tomczyk, Wojciech Miltyk, Anna Bielawska
Summary: This study evaluated the composition and biological activities of oil, extracts, and fractions obtained from S. hispanica seeds, suggesting their potential use for breast cancer therapy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Sarah F. Al-Subaie, Abdullah M. Alowaifeer, Maged E. Mohamed
Summary: Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are natural secondary metabolites found in many plants, which can be toxic to humans and mammals. Detecting these alkaloids in food is crucial for food security. This review summarizes the latest advances in extraction and analysis methods, with a focus on chromatographic-based analysis and determinations in food.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Alan B. Moran, Richard A. Gardner, Manfred Wuhrer, Guinevere S. M. Lageveen-Kammeijer, Daniel I. R. Spencer
Summary: Sialic acids play diverse biological roles and linkage-specific analysis is important in glycomic studies. The combination of procainamide fluorescent labeling with sialic acid linkage-specific derivatization is presented, which allows for unambiguous assignment of sialic acid linkages and separation of sialylated isomers.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Sinah Reiter, Andreas Dunkel, Amira Metwaly, Julian Panes, Azucena Salas, Dirk Haller, Thomas Hofmann
Summary: The study introduces a method for quantitating a wide range of bile acids and applies it to investigate the connection between microbiome alterations and bile acid metabolism in Crohn's disease. The research explores the potential use of bile acid profiles to predict disease state in the complex mechanism of Crohn's disease development.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amal A. Maamoun, Radwa H. El-akkad, Mohamed A. Farag
Summary: The study compared the metabolite profiles of young fruit and mature fruit of Luffa aegyptiaca, revealing significant differences in chemical composition. Young fruit was found to be enriched in metabolites, while mature fruit predominated in fatty acids. Additionally, several oleanene triterpene glycosides were more abundant in young fruit.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Haiyue Yuan, Bei Li, Jing Wei, Xiaowei Liu, Zeying He
Summary: Multi-residue analysis methods for 32 pyrethroids in fruit and vegetable samples were established using both GC-MS/MS and UHPLC-MS/MS. The ionization efficiencies of pyrethroids in UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS were thoroughly investigated to ensure better performance. UHPLC-MS/MS was found to be more suitable for a larger number of pesticides, with lower LOQs and similar recoveries compared to GC-MS/MS. The results suggest that UHPLC-MS/MS is a suitable alternative to GC-MS/MS for routine analysis of pyrethroids in fruits and vegetables.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Raquel Torrijos, Laura Righetti, Martina Cirlini, Luca Calani, Jordi Manes, Giuseppe Meca, Chiara Dall'Asta
Summary: The objective of this study was to investigate the phytochemical profile of yellow and oriental mustard flour and bran fractions. The analysis revealed differences in volatile compounds and bioactive compounds between the two mustard species, with yellow mustard being richer in certain phenolic acids. Additionally, the volatile profile of yellow mustard seeds was described for the first time in this study. The findings suggest that the bran fraction, as a by-product of seed processing, is a valuable source of bioactive compounds for various applications.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Raquel Torrijos, Laura Righetti, Martina Cirlini, Luca Calani, Jordi Manes, Giuseppe Meca, Chiara Dall Asta
Summary: The phytochemical profile and bioactive fraction of yellow mustard and oriental mustard were studied. Various volatile compounds and phenolic compounds were identified, distinguishing the two mustard species. The bran fraction was found to be rich in bioactive compounds and could be used for the recovery of polyphenols.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yanqin Yang, Jialing Xie, Qiwei Wang, Yuliang Deng, Li Zhu, Jiayi Zhu, Haibo Yuan, Yongwen Jiang
Summary: This study comprehensively characterized the volatile and non-volatile compounds during black tea processing using volatolomics and UHPLC-Q-Exactive/MS analysis. The results showed that these metabolites changed continuously throughout the processing process, with significant changes during the withering stage. A total of 178 volatile metabolites and 103 non-volatile metabolites were identified, and 11 volatile components were identified as key aroma active components responsible for sweet aroma in finished black tea.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Carla Santos de Freitas, Jeferson A. Valencia-Davila, Rosana Cardoso Lopes Pereira, Luiza Torres Abrantes, Lucilia Kato, Boniek Gontijo Vaz
Summary: The study focused on the extraction and fractionation of sulfur-containing compounds from vacuum gas oil using non-reactive methods such as ligand exchange chromatography and molecularly imprinted polymer. Different sorbents and cations were used to isolate specific sulfur compounds, resulting in varying degrees of selectivity and separation efficiency. Further analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization Orbitrap mass spectrometry allowed for the detection of a wider range of sulfur compounds with different degrees of unsaturation.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Mai K. Ammar, Rasha S. Hanafi, Mouchira A. Choucry, Heba Handoussa
Summary: Wheat is the most important cereal grain globally, with vast economic importance and multiple uses. Its biological activities are correlated with the presence of polyphenols, which have antioxidant and preventative capabilities. Wheat can be used as an antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, and antiaging agent.
APPLIED BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Hsiu-Chuan Chen, Ya-Yi Chen, Mu-Rong Chao, Yan-Zin Chang
Summary: People who chew betel nuts and smoke have a much higher probability of developing oral cancer. This study developed a high-throughput method using MAE and LC-MS/MS to measure biomarkers of betel nuts and cigarettes in hair samples. The method showed good accuracy and precision and was successfully applied in the analysis of the samples. The results indicate lower concentrations of the substances in gray hair.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Simon M. Loveday, Karl Fraser, Dongwen Luo, Mike Weeks, Julie A. Cakebread
Summary: Seasonal variations in mineral levels and fatty acid profiles were identified in New Zealand raw milk. Analysis showed potential relationships with feeding practices, dilution effects, and the lactation cycle. Elevated phosphatase activity in March may indicate metabolic changes related to declining milk quality.
INTERNATIONAL DAIRY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Zhanxuan E. Wu, Karl Fraser, Marlena C. Kruger, Ivana R. Sequeira, Wilson Yip, Louise W. Lu, Lindsay D. Plank, Rinki Murphy, Garth J. S. Cooper, Jean-Charles Martin, Kieren G. Hollingsworth, Sally D. Poppitt
Summary: This study identified candidate markers of visceral and ectopic fat through untargeted metabolomics, showing that these markers improved fat level prediction over clinical markers. Several plasma metabolites were associated with liver fat level and VAT/SAT ratio independent of age and adiposity-related parameters, while pancreatic fat deposition was only associated with increased sulfolithocholic acid, independent of age.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shanalee C. James, Karl Fraser, Wayne Young, Phoebe E. Heenan, Richard B. Gearry, Jacqueline Keenan, Nicholas J. Talley, Susan A. Joyce, Warren C. McNabb, Nicole C. Roy
Summary: The study found that concentrations of fecal bile acids were significantly different between individuals with functional gut disorders and healthy controls, as well as between constipation and diarrhea groups. Individuals with a diarrhea phenotype had higher concentrations of bile acids compared to those with constipation.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Zheng Pan, Aiqian Ye, Siqi Li, Anant Dave, Karl Fraser, Harjinder Singh
Summary: Processed sheep milks, specifically those that have been homogenized and heated, form curds with looser and more fragmented structures compared to unprocessed milk. This accelerates curd breakdown, protein digestion, and the release of protein, fat, and calcium into the digesta. Further observations during gastric digestion include coalescence and flocculation of fat globules in homogenized milks.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Manasweeta Angane, Simon Swift, Kang Huang, Christine A. Butts, Siew Young Quek
Summary: Essential oils (EOs) can be considered as a natural food-grade preservative alternative, as they are Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) and have shown potential to inhibit the proliferation of food-borne pathogens. However, their antibacterial activity differs between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and their application at a commercial scale is limited due to flavor and odor concerns. Further research is needed to develop strategies for industrial-scale application.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Zheng Pan, Aiqian Ye, Anant Dave, Karl Fraser, Harjinder Singh
Summary: This study characterized the interactions among proteins in sheep skim milk during heat treatments and their effects on the size and structure of casein micelles. The results showed that the denaturation and association of whey proteins with casein micelles increased with increasing heating temperature and time. The size of casein micelles also increased depending on the heating conditions and the level of association with denatured whey proteins. The aggregation of casein micelles and the association of whey proteins with micelles occurred simultaneously during heating.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Starin McKeen, Nicole C. Roy, Jane Adair Mullaney, Hannah Eriksen, Amy Lovell, Martin Kussman, Wayne Young, Karl Fraser, Clare R. Wall, Warren C. McNabb
Summary: This study characterized the changes in the gut microbiome composition, metagenomic functional capacity, and associated metabolites during the introduction of solid foods in infants. The results showed that the microbiome composition diversified during the first year of life, while the functional capacity of the gut microbiome remained stable. The introduction of solid foods resulted in significant changes in the relative abundance of sequences assigned to KEGG pathways and taxonomic assignments, as well as stronger correlations with metabolites compared to continued diet diversification. This study provides insights into the trends in microbiome composition and functional capacity during the complementary feeding period and identifies potential metabolite targets for future investigations.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Karl Fraser, Leigh Ryan, Ryan N. Dilger, Kelly Dunstan, Kelly Armstrong, Jason Peters, Hedley Stirrat, Neill Haggerty, Alastair K. H. MacGibbon, James Dekker, Wayne Young, Nicole C. Roy
Summary: The study investigated the effects of dietary MFGM supplement on lipid profiles in different brain regions of neonatal piglets. The results showed that MFGM consumption did not significantly alter lipid composition in most brain regions, except for an increase in triglycerides in the hippocampus of high-supplemented piglets. Furthermore, significant differences in lipid profiles were found between different brain regions.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Zheng Pan, Aiqian Ye, Anant Dave, Karl Fraser, Harjinder Singh
Summary: This study investigated the effect of UHT treatment and pH values on the physical properties of sheep skim milk. It was found that significant sedimentation occurred in UHT-treated milk at natural pH and pH 7.0, while lower sedimentation was observed at pH values of 6.7 to 6.9. Additionally, UHT treatment resulted in decreased pH and ionic calcium level of the milk.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shanalee C. James, Karl Fraser, Janine Cooney, Catrin S. Guenther, Wayne Young, Richard B. Gearry, Phoebe E. Heenan, Tania Trower, Jacqueline I. Keenan, Nicholas J. Talley, Warren C. McNabb, Nicole C. Roy
Summary: This study aimed to compare the circulating concentrations of amino acids and neurotransmitters between healthy participants and those with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). The results showed significant differences in branched-chain amino acids, ornithine, and alpha-aminobutyric acid between healthy controls and FGID groups. No other significant differences were observed for the neurotransmitters or any other amino acids analyzed.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Louise Weiwei Lu, Siew-Young Quek, Shi-Ping Lu, Jie-Hua Chen
Summary: The accumulating literature indicates that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (N3PUFAs) can positively affect the cardiovascular system, improving epithelial function, reducing coagulopathy, and attenuating inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. N3PUFAs, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), serve as precursors for bioactive lipid mediators that mediate the favorable effects of their parent substances. Increased intake of EPA and DHA has been associated with reduced thrombotic outcomes. The excellent safety profile of dietary N3PUFAs suggests their potential as an adjunctive therapy for individuals at higher risk of cardiovascular problems associated with COVID-19.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Zhihui Gao, Zhongyan Ji, Leixi Wang, Qianchun Deng, Siew Young Quek, Liang Liu, Xuyan Dong
Summary: This study investigated the effect of sesamol concentration on the physicochemical properties of WPI-stabilized fish oil emulsions. It was found that 0.09% sesamol promoted the formation of small oil droplets and inhibited oil droplet aggregation. Sesamol addition also reduced the formation of hydrogen peroxide, generation of secondary reaction products, and protein oxidation in the emulsions.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xudong Yao, Craig Bunt, Mengyang Liu, Siew-Young Quek, John Shaw, Jillian Cornish, Jingyuan Wen
Summary: The aim of this study is to enhance the cellular uptake and transport of bovine lactoferrin using pectin- and chitosan-modified solid lipid nanoparticles. Solid lipid particles containing bovine lactoferrin were formulated through the solvent evaporation technique, incorporating stearic acid along with either chitosan or pectin modification. The study evaluated the cellular uptake and transport of bovine lactoferrin-loaded solid lipid particles in vitro using the Caco-2 cell model.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Djawed Bennouna, Franck Tourniaire, Thierry Durand, Jean-Marie Galano, Frederic Fine, Karl Fraser, Sheherazade Benatia, Clement Rosique, Charlotte Pau, Charlene Couturier, Celia Pontet, Claire Vigor, Jean-Francois Landrier, Jean-Charles Martin
Summary: Research has shown that seed extracts of oilseed rape can reduce oxidative stress by regulating pathways such as Nrf2, as well as impacting metabolic and cellular processes. This highlights the potential benefits of selecting appropriate agronomical traits to enhance the nutritional value of oilseed rape seeds for improved human and animal health.
FOOD CHEMISTRY: MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Laura Payling, Nicole C. Roy, Karl Fraser, Simon M. Loveday, Ian M. Sims, Peter H. Janssen, Stefan J. Hill, Laura G. Raymond, Warren C. McNabb
Summary: This protocol explores the relationship between breath methane and gut microbiome composition and functionality using breath testing and ex vivo fermentations. It offers a useful systems biology approach for studying the human gut microbiome, combining standardized methods in breath testing and fecal sampling. The accessible and easy-to-repeat model may deviate from human physiological conditions due to its relative simplicity.