Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yong He, Hannah Northrup, Ha Le, Alfred K. Cheung, Scott A. Berceli, Yan Tin Shiu
Summary: Hemodynamic factors play a crucial role in vascular health and diseases. This review focuses on methods for obtaining accurate hemodynamic factors and discusses the recent development of combining machine-learning with patient-specific models.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Shubham Shankar Mohol, Mohit Kumar, Varun Sharma
Summary: This article presents a computational approach to study the mechanical behavior, fluid dynamics, and degradation impact of bio-degradable scaffolds for bone defect repair. Five scaffolds with nature-inspired designs were analyzed using finite element analysis to evaluate their mechanical properties and fluid flow dynamics. The scaffolds were also analyzed for degradation time in a specific environment. The Spider-web architecture scaffold exhibited the least deformation and lowest equivalent stress and strain, while the Nautilus Shell architecture scaffold had the highest stress and strain. All scaffolds met the permeability requirements of cancellous bone and showed wall shear stress values suitable for cell differentiation. The Spider-web architecture scaffold degraded the slowest, while the Giant Water Lily architecture scaffold degraded the fastest.
COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alhamza R. Al-Bayati, Raul G. Nogueira, Diogo C. Haussen
Summary: Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of mortality and long-term disability worldwide. The increasing availability of advanced cerebrovascular imaging modalities continues to unravel atherosclerotic and nonatherosclerotic carotid steno-occlusive disease as a common culprit of cerebral ischemia. Individualized treatment strategies targeting each etiologic subset would optimize preventive measures and minimize recurrence of cerebral ischemia.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Jie Wang, Xuesong Bai, Tao Wang, Adam A. Dmytriw, Aman B. Patel, Liqun Jiao
Summary: The study found that carotid artery stenting (CAS) and carotid endarterectomy (CEA) have comparable perioperative and long-term composite outcomes in treating asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis, but CAS may have a higher risk of any stroke and nondisabling stroke during the perioperative period.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Yunchuan Zhao, Haipo Cui
Summary: When using braided dense-mesh stents to treat carotid stenosis, it is important to study the mechanics of the stents, their interaction with blood vessels, and the fluid dynamics in the blood environment. By designing different types of braided and laser-cut stents, simulations were conducted to analyze their bending behavior, deployment, and fluid dynamics. The results showed that braided stents had lower bending stress and better flexibility compared to laser-cut stents of the same size parameters. In addition, the implantation of a 24-strand braided stent effectively dilated the vessel and improved blood flow.
COMPUTER METHODS IN BIOMECHANICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Rahul A. Sastry, Nathan J. Pertsch, Emilija Sagaityte, Jonathan A. Poggi, Steven A. Toms, Robert J. Weil
Summary: This study evaluated rates of adverse outcomes after carotid artery stenting (CAS) and carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in a large national database. Results showed that CAS was associated with increased odds of post-procedural stroke, while odds of cardiac arrest and 30-day reoperation decreased compared to CEA. Rates of myocardial infarction, prolonged length of stay, discharge to destination other than home, 30-day readmission, and 30-day mortality were statistically similar between the two procedures.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
William Scholten, Darren Hartl
Summary: A new uncoupled static aeroelastic analysis method is proposed in this study, which can efficiently determine the equilibrium configurations of structure fluid, especially in design studies. Through surrogate modeling of results and separate calculation and storage of fluid and structure result sets, new solutions can be quickly obtained when the structure is modified.
JOURNAL OF FLUIDS AND STRUCTURES
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Christopher J. White, Thomas G. Brott, William A. Gray, Donald Heck, Tudor Jovin, Sean P. Lyden, David Christopher Metzger, Kenneth Rosenfield, Gary Roubin, Ravish Sachar, Adnan Siddiqui
Summary: Significant advances have been made in the field of carotid artery stenting, with new trial data, professional statements, new techniques, and better candidate selection methods. The outdated coverage decision regarding CAS should be updated to approve CAS in selected symptomatic and asymptomatic patients for stroke prevention. Optimized CAS strategies and new technologies are leading to improved outcomes in CAS procedures.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
E. Hachem, P. Meliga, A. Goetz, P. Jeken Rico, J. Viquerat, A. Larcher, R. Valette, A. F. Sanches, V. Lannelongue, H. Ghraieb, R. Nemer, Y. Ozpeynirci, T. Liebig
Summary: This study aims to identify and characterize novel flow-deviator stent devices through a high-fidelity computational framework and deep reinforcement learning algorithms. The goal is to enable patient-specific treatment by accurately adjusting the functional parameters in the implanted state.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alison Halliday, Richard Bulbulia, Leo H. Bonati, Johanna Chester, Andrea Cradduck-Bamford, Richard Peto, Hongchao Pan
Summary: The international multicentre randomised trial ACST-2 compared the effects of CAS and CEA for asymptomatic patients with severe stenosis, showing that the long-term effects of these two procedures on fatal or disabling stroke are comparable.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Christopher J. White, Thomas G. Brott, William A. Gray, Donald Heck, Tudor Jovin, Sean P. Lyden, David Christopher Metzger, Kenneth Rosenfield, Gary Roubin, Ravish Sachar, Adnan Siddiqui
Summary: Significant advances have been made in carotid artery stenting (CAS), including new trial data, professional societal statements, techniques, and devices. The improved selection of CAS candidates and assessment of procedure risk have led to better outcomes.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Surgery
Zeling Guo, Chenshu Liu, Kan Huang, Nan Yu, Meixiu Peng, Benjamin W. Starnes, Warren B. Chow, Zilun Li, Wayne W. Zhang
Summary: This study compared the outcomes of rCAS and CEA in ISR patients, finding similar short- and midterm results in terms of stroke, death, and surgery-related complications.
JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Alvaro Navarrete, Pablo Varela, Miguel Lopez, Claudio M. Garcia-Herrera, Diego J. Celentano, Bernardo Krause
Summary: This study presents a characterization of the active response of the carotid artery of guinea pig fetuses using experiments, modeling, and numerical simulation. The experimental measurements are used to calibrate a coupled mechanochemical model, which accurately describes the influence of smooth cell behavior on the passive and active mechanical response of the vascular tissue. The model is validated and optimized by performing finite element numerical simulations. The main strengths of the model lie in its ability to predict the stationary state of the tissue's active mechanical response through a realistic representation of the mechanochemical process at the cellular level.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sampad Sengupta, Xun Yuan, Ludovica Maga, Selene Pirola, Christoph A. A. Nienaber, Xiao Yun Xu
Summary: This study aims to assess the efficacy and risks of TEVAR treatment for aortic arch aneurysms using a two-component single-branched endograft. Computational simulations showed that the procedure successfully restored normal flow to the arch, but follow-up models predicted high levels of wall stress and displacement forces, which may have contributed to post-intervention complications.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Surgery
Vangelis Bontinis, Constantine N. Antonopoulos, Alkis Bontinis, Andreas Koutsoumpelis, Vassilios Zymvragoudakis, Vasileios Rafailidis, Argirios Giannopoulos, Panagiotis Stoiloudis, Kiriakos Ktenidis
Summary: This study assessed the efficacy and safety of carotid artery stenting for the treatment of extracranial carotid artery dissection through a systematic review and meta-analysis. The results showed that primary stenting and stenting of spontaneous CAD had unfavorable outcomes, while stenting following failed medical therapy had acceptable mortality and complication rates. Further research is needed due to the low quality of the included studies.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF VASCULAR AND ENDOVASCULAR SURGERY
(2022)
Review
Surgery
Giovanni Spinella, Alice Finotello, Fabio Riccardo Pisa, Michele Conti, Giovanni Pratesi, Bianca Pane, Ettore Lanzarone
Summary: This study aimed to review the available literature on different reperfusion methods for thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) and analyze their effectiveness in reducing the risk of spinal cord ischemia (SCI). The analysis of 53 studies with 3095 patients showed that both type B and type C endovascular treatments are associated with a lower risk of SCI, with type C showing a greater reduction compared to type B, particularly in younger patients. Other factors such as a greater aortic diameter, a reduced aneurysm extent, and the absence of cerebrospinal fluid drainage positioning also contribute to lowering the risk of SCI. Staged endovascular treatment appears to offer advantages over single-step treatment in reducing the risk of SCI, regardless of the reperfusion method adopted.
JOURNAL OF ENDOVASCULAR THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Simon Helleputte, Bart Spronck, James E. E. Sharman, Luc Van Bortel, Patrick Segers, Patrick Calders, Bruno Lapauw, Tine De Backer
Summary: The central blood pressure values estimated by radial artery tonometry in T1DM patients depend significantly on the method used for calibration of the radial waveforms. Using brachial MAP/DBP calibration resulted in higher central blood pressure compared to using brachial SBP/DBP calibration, indicating the importance of calibration approach for accurate estimation of central blood pressure using noninvasive methods.
JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Diego Ignesti, Giulio Ferri, Ferdinando Auricchio, Alessandro Reali, Enzo Marino
Summary: This paper presents a robust multi-patch formulation based on the isogeometric collocation method for solving linear, spatial Timoshenko beam structures with complex geometry. The proposed approach combines the (local) Bishop frame with the exponential map for SO(3) to compute the beam curvature and its derivative. Unlike existing formulations, which are mostly derived in the local SF frame, the formulation in this paper is consistently derived by linearizing the governing equations in the material setting, allowing for straightforward enforcement of multi-patch coupling.
COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Matthias Van Impe, Lisa Caboor, Violette Deleeuw, Margie Olbinado, Julie De Backer, Patrick Sips, Patrick Segers
Summary: This study successfully provides a biomechanical reference for the circulation in adult zebrafish by establishing 3D models of the cardiovascular system. By providing reference values for biomechanical stimuli in wild-type animals and a pipeline for image-based animal-specific computational biomechanical models, this study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the role of altered biomechanics and hemodynamics in heritable cardiovascular pathologies.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Annette Caenen, Stephanie Bezy, Aniela Petrescu, Annegret Werner, Jens-Uwe Voigt, Jan D'hooge, Patrick Segers
Summary: Shear wave elastography (SWE) is a promising technique for assessing myocardial stiffness non-invasively. The study found that the transmural wave speed gradient can distinguish between intrinsic myocardial stiffening and stiffening caused by increased pressure. This gradient may have potential as a new diagnostic parameter for future clinical studies.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Biophysics
Lise Gheysen, Lauranne Maes, Nele Famaey, Patrick Segers
Summary: This study investigates whether pulse wave velocity (PWV) can guide in determining appropriate parameter values for the Gasser-Ogden-Holzapfel (GOH) constitutive model. The results show that PWV80 and PWV110 are complementary measures that can reduce the parameter space in arterial models, particularly for media- and collagen-related parameters.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Kristian Sorensen, Solveig Fadnes, Luc Mertens, Matthew Henry, Patrick Segers, Lasse Lovstakken, Siri Ann Nyrnes
Summary: This study developed and validated the calculation of intraventricular pressure difference (IVPD) using blood speckle-tracking (BST) in children and investigated its potential role in assessing diastolic function. The results showed that BST is highly feasible and provides information on diastolic suction and early filling in children with heart disease. The IVPD was significantly reduced in children with dilated cardiomyopathies (DCMs) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies (HCMs) compared to controls.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Franca Scocozza, Giulia Maria Di Gravina, Elia Bari, Ferdinando Auricchio, Maria Luisa Torre, Michele Conti
Summary: This study investigated the mechanical properties of a coprinted hybrid scaffold made of poly-caprolactone (PCL) and an alginate-based hydrogel. The scaffold aims to have in vivo bio-integration and load-bearing capabilities. Structural finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted to study the impact of alginate inclusion and infill patterns on scaffold stiffness.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Ferdinando Auricchio, Pierluigi Colli, Gianni Gilardi, Alessandro Reali, Elisabetta Rocca
Summary: This paper focuses on the well-posedness of a diffusion-reaction system for a susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered (SEIR) mathematical model. The model consists of four nonlinear partial differential equations with nonlinear diffusions dependent on the total SEIR population. It aims to describe the spatio-temporal spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and is a variation of a model introduced, discussed, and tested by Viguerie et al. (2020). The paper presents a mathematical analysis of the resulting Cauchy-Neumann problem, proving the existence of solutions in a general setting and employing a suitable time discretization procedure. It also provides uniqueness theorems for cases with constant diffusion coefficient and more regular data, along with a regularity result for the solutions.
MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN THE APPLIED SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Sandra Sjostrand, Alice Widerstrom, Ingrid Svensson, Patrick Segers, Tobias Erlov, Asa Ryden Ahlgren, Magnus Cinthio
Summary: Longitudinal motion of the carotid arterial wall, as measured with ultrasound, is a promising indicator of vascular health, but its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Blood pressure has a strong relation to the antegrade longitudinal displacement in early systole. Tapered geometry and intramural friction between two parts of a vessel wall also influence the longitudinal displacement.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jordi Alastruey, Peter H. Charlton, Vasiliki Bikia, Birute Paliakaite, Bernhard Hametner, Rosa Maria Bruno, Marijn P. Mulder, Samuel Vennin, Senol Piskin, Ashraf W. Khir, Andrea Guala, Christopher C. Mayer, Jonathan Mynard, Alun D. Hughes, Patrick Segers, Berend E. Westerhof
Summary: Arterial pulse waves (PWs), such as blood pressure and photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals, are rich sources of information for assessing vascular age and identifying individuals at elevated cardiovascular risk. This review explores the possibilities and limitations of reduced-order biophysical models and theoretical and empirical methods for analyzing PW signals and extracting clinically relevant information. Detailed mathematical derivations are provided, demonstrating the relationships between these models and methods. Suggestions for future research are also outlined to fully utilize the potential of modeling and analyzing PW signals for accurate vascular age assessment.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Mihaela Chiappetta, Chiara Piazzola, Massimo Carraturo, Lorenzo Tamellini, Alessandro Reali, Ferdinando Auricchio
Summary: The present paper aims to apply uncertainty quantification methodologies to simulate the powder bed fusion process of metal. The uncertainties of three process parameters, namely the activation temperature, the powder convection coefficient, and the gas convection coefficient, are studied in a part-scale thermomechanical model of an Inconel 625 super-alloy beam. The proposed uncertainty quantification workflow, which includes global sensitivity analysis and inverse and forward uncertainty quantification analyses, effectively reduces uncertainties and facilitates the calibration of part-scale models for powder bed fusion.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Antonio Rosato, Mauro Lo Rito, Serena Anglese, Valentina Ceserani, Ariel Fernando Pascaner, Francesco Secchi, Michele Conti
Summary: This study used computer-aided design models and finite element analysis to simulate the pathological behavior of AAOCA patients under different loading conditions, providing information to support decision-making.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Tim J. Mandigers, Michele Conti, Sara Allievi, Francesca Dedola, Daniele Bissacco, Daniele Bianchi, Stefania Marconi, Maurizio Domanin, Joost A. Van Herwaarden, Ferdinando Auricchio, Santi Trimarchi
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of two generations of Valiant thoracic aortic stent grafts on aortic stiffness. The results showed a significant increase in pulse wave velocity after deployment of both Valiant Captivia and Valiant Navion stent grafts, indicating increased aortic stiffness. This calls for further improvement in future thoracic aortic stent graft designs to enhance device compliance.
EJVES VASCULAR FORUM
(2023)
Review
Biophysics
Giulia M. Di Gravina, Giada Loi, Ferdinando Auricchio, Michele Conti
Summary: Bioreactors play a crucial role in tissue engineering by mimicking the cellular microenvironment and addressing transplantation limitations and the need for 3D in vitro models. The design of bioreactors depends on physical stimuli and manufacturing techniques, and computational simulations can aid in the optimization process.
BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS
(2023)