Article
Fisheries
Xuyuan Duan, Yimu Luan, Yaocen Wang, Xiuli Wang, Peng Su, Qingwei Li, Yue Pang, Jingyi He, Meng Gou
Summary: This study aims to explore the functions of tryptophan in the innate immunity of primitive vertebrate lamprey. It was found that tryptophan can reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory factors and increase the expression of anti-inflammatory factors. It can also exert immune tolerance function through inhibiting TLR-MyD88 and promoting IDO-kynurenine-AHR pathways.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Nada Joe Melhem, Mouna Chajadine, Ingrid Gomez, Kiave-Yune Howangyin, Marion Bouvet, Camille Knosp, Yanyi Sun, Marie Rouanet, Ludivine Laurans, Olivier Cazorla, Mathilde Lemitre, Jose Vilar, Ziad Mallat, Alain Tedgui, Hafid Ait-Oufella, Jean-Sebastien Hulot, Jacques Callebert, Jean-Marie Launay, Jeremy Fauconnier, Jean-Sebastien Silvestre, Soraya Taleb
Summary: The study suggests that IDO could be a potential therapeutic target in acute myocardial infarction, as its deficiency limits cardiac injury and dysfunction after MI, with endothelial cell-specific deletion of IDO showing improvement in cardiac function and reduction in adverse ventricular remodeling.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Skaidre Jankovskaja, Maxim Morin, Anna Gustafsson, Chris D. Anderson, Boglarka Lehoczki, Johan Engblom, Sebastian Bjorklund, Meinda Rezeli, Gyorgy Marko-Varga, Tautgirdas Ruzgas
Summary: This study assessed various sampling approaches for tryptophan and kynurenine and found that the phenylalanine/tryptophan ratio may be a possible alternative biomarker for non-invasive skin cancer detection.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Auriel A. Willette, Colleen Pappas, Nathan Hoth, Qian Wang, Brandon Klinedinst, Sara A. Willette, Brittany Larsen, Amy Pollpeter, Tianqi Li, Scott Le, Ana D. Collazo-Martinez, Jonathan P. Mochel, Karin Allenspach, Robert Dantzer
Summary: The study found that higher Kyn/Tryptophan ratio was associated with various inflammatory markers, lower functional independence, and memory scores. Higher Kyn/5-HT ratio was also related to negative affect, neuropsychiatric disturbance, executive dysfunction, and global cognitive decline. Additionally, gray matter atrophy and increased amyloid and total tau deposition were observed in specific brain regions.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Dennis Froebel, Daniela Stanke, Mathias Langner, Gintare Zygiene, Nicole Bechmann, Mirko Peitzsch
Summary: This study developed a simple and sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of kynurenine pathway metabolites. The method is suitable for various physiological matrices and has wide application in disease-related experimental settings.
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Harald Mangge, Markus Herrmann, Andreas Meinitzer, Sabine Pailer, Pero Curcic, Zdenka Sloup, Magdalena Holter, Florian Prueller
Summary: Kynurenine is a promising blood biomarker for predicting mortality risk in severe COVID-19 cases, with KYN levels at the time of SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis serving as an early indicator of poor outcomes. Age, KYN, ferritin, and other markers were found to significantly impact survival time, underscoring the potential of Kynurenine as a prognostic tool in COVID-19 management.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hani Oweira, Imad Lahdou, Stefan Mehrle, Elias Khajeh, Rajan Nikbakhsh, Omid Ghamarnejad, Peter Terness, Christoph Reissfelder, Mahmoud Sadeghi, Ali Ramouz
Summary: The study revealed that TDO and IDO enzymes have different effects in the conversion of Trp and Kyn in human liver cells and liver cancer cells. Activating the IDO enzyme does not significantly affect Trp degradation and Kyn accumulation, while inhibiting the TDO enzyme significantly reduces Trp degradation.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nada Joe Melhem, Soraya Taleb
Summary: This study highlights the importance of tryptophan metabolism and its relationship with cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction, emphasizing the complex role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO) in the disease process.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xavier Dagenais-Lussier, Hamza Loucif, Cherifa Beji, Roman Telittchenko, Jean-Pierre Routy, Julien van Grevenynghe
Summary: Tryptophan amino acid is essential for life and its metabolism pathways play a crucial role in maintaining proper cell activity and homeostasis. The ratio of tryptophan to kynurenine is key in inflammation and immunomodulation, with studies focusing on its impact on regulatory T cells, B cells, and humoral immunity. Understanding these pathways is crucial for disease prevention and treatment.
CYTOKINE & GROWTH FACTOR REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Duygu Eryavuz Onmaz, Abdullah Sivrikaya, Kevser Isik, Sedat Abusoglu, Ilknur Albayrak Gezer, Fatma Humeyra Yerlikaya, Gulsum Abusoglu, Ali Unlu, Dilek Tezcan
Summary: The study found altered kynurenine pathway metabolism in AS patients. Conventional therapy and anti-TNF-alpha therapy are effective in reducing the Kynurenine/Tryptophan ratio and CRP levels.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
La-or Chailurkit, Suwannee Chanprasertyothin, Nisakron Thongmung, Piyamitr Sritara, Boonsong Ongphiphadhanakul
Summary: The present study suggests that the FTO gene may influence the conversion of tryptophan to kynurenine. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the action of the FTO gene in obesity.
Review
Immunology
Arduino A. Mangoni, Angelo Zinellu
Summary: There is a growing interest in the role of the kynurenine pathway in regulating immune function and inflammation in rheumatic diseases (RD). This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the link between this pathway and RD by examining the levels of tryptophan, kynurenine, and other relevant metabolites in RD patients and healthy controls. The analysis of selected studies revealed significantly lower tryptophan levels and higher kynurenine levels, kynurenine to tryptophan ratios, 3-hydroxykynurenine levels, and quinolinic acid concentrations in RD patients compared to controls. However, the levels of kynurenic acid, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, kynurenic acid to kynurenine ratio, and quinolinic acid to kynurenine acid ratio did not show significant differences. Subgroup analysis showed consistent results across different types of RD, except for rheumatoid arthritis. Further research is needed to determine the potential diagnostic and management utility of these biomarkers in RD patients.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Marta Marszalek-Grabska, Katarzyna Walczak, Kinga Gawel, Katarzyna Wicha-Komsta, Sylwia Wnorowska, Artur Wnorowski, Waldemar A. Turski
Summary: KYN, a main metabolite of tryptophan produced mainly in the liver by TDO under physiological conditions, is also synthesized by IDO in diseases. While KYN's role in central nervous system pathologies is well studied, its functions in the periphery are less explored.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vivek Kumar Sharma, Thakur Gurjeet Singh, Nirbhay Kumar Prabhakar, Ashi Mannan
Summary: l-tryptophan, an essential amino acid, plays a role in regulating protein homeostasis and neurotransmitter-mediated physiological events. The metabolism of tryptophan through the kynurenine route leads to the production of metabolites that influence various physiological and pathological outcomes. Imbalances in the kynurenine pathway have been associated with several neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacological modulation of this pathway shows promise as a potential therapy for Alzheimer's disease.
NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Simon Michaelis, Sieglinde Zelzer, Wolfgang J. Schnedl, Andreas Baranyi, Andreas Meinitzer, Dietmar Enko
Summary: Measuring the concentrations of tryptophan and kynurenine upon admission, as well as calculating the KYN/TRP ratio, can predict the survival outcome of patients with SARS-CoV-2.
CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Alexandra M. Wennberg, Weiyao Yin, Fang Fang, Nancy L. Pedersen, Sara Hagg, Juulia Jylhava, Karin Modig
Summary: This study evaluated the utility of a code-based frailty score in registry data and found that it may not capture the full spectrum of frailty among community-dwelling individuals, particularly at younger ages.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jonathan K. L. Mak, Ralf Kuja-Halkola, Ge Bai, Linda B. Hassing, Nancy L. Pedersen, Sara Hagg, Juulia Jylhava, Chandra A. Reynolds
Summary: Using data from Swedish twin cohort studies, this research investigates the longitudinal trajectories of frailty in late life and the contributions of genes and environment. The study finds that the heterogeneity of frailty in late life is mainly attributable to environmental influences, highlighting the importance of targeting environmental risk factors to mitigate frailty in older adults.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Jyrki Taurio, Jenni Koskela, Marjatta Sinisalo, Antti Tikkakoski, Onni Niemela, Mari Hamalainen, Eeva Moilanen, Manoj Kumar Choudhary, Jukka Mustonen, Pasi Nevalainen, Ilkka Porsti
Summary: In this study, we examined the association of 24-hour urine sodium excretion with haemodynamics and volume status in 510 normotensive and never-treated hypertensive subjects. The results showed that high sodium excretion was associated with increased extracellular fluid volume, while low sodium intake was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. The volume of extracellular fluid was mainly determined by body size, but was also moderately influenced by sodium intake. No differences were found in urinary sodium excretion and extracellular water volume between normotensive and hypertensive participants.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jonathan K. L. Mak, Maria Eriksdotter, Martin Annetorp, Ralf Kuja-Halkola, Laura Kananen, Anne-Marie Bostrom, Miia Kivipelto, Carina Metzner, Viktoria Back Jerlardtz, Malin Engstrom, Peter Johnson, Lars Goran Lundberg, Elisabet Akesson, Carina Suhl Oberg, Maria Olsson, Tommy Cederholm, Sara Hagg, Dorota Religa, Juulia Jylhava
Summary: This retrospective cohort study used electronic health records to investigate the association between frailty and outcomes in older COVID-19 patients. The results showed that a medical record-based electronic frailty index (eFI) was effective for risk stratification in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Frailty was significantly associated with higher mortality, readmission, and longer hospital stays, and the eFI had the best predictive accuracy among all measures.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Markus J. Haapanen, Tuija M. Mikkola, Lauri Kortelainen, Juulia Jylhava, Niko S. Wasenius, Eero Kajantie, Johan G. Eriksson, Mikaela B. von Bonsdorff
Summary: Body mass index (BMI) may not accurately predict frailty, as lean mass and fat mass may have different associations with frailty. Abdominal obesity (waist-to-hip ratio) in late midlife may be related to higher levels of frailty in men, while higher adiposity (percent body fat) in late midlife may be associated with higher levels of frailty in women.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Jonathan K. L. Mak, Laura Kananen, Chenxi Qin, Ralf Kuja-Halkola, Bowen Tang, Jake Lin, Yunzhang Wang, Tuija Jaaskelainen, Seppo Koskinen, Yi Lu, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Sara Hagg, Juulia Jylhava
Summary: In this study, the researchers identified 59 metabolic biomarkers associated with frailty, and 34 of these associations were independently validated in other studies. They also found that glycoprotein acetyls, an inflammatory marker, was significantly associated with frailty, suggesting the important role of chronic inflammation in frailty development.
Article
Oncology
Jonathan K. L. Mak, Christopher E. McMurran, Ralf Kuja-Halkola, Per Hall, Kamila Czene, Juulia Jylhaevae, Sara Haegg
Summary: By studying 308,156 UK Biobank participants, researchers found a link between biological age and cancer incidence. Using 18 age-related clinical biomarkers, three biological age measures were calculated and found to be associated with the incidence of any cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and melanoma.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Laura Kananen, Xu Hong, Martin Annetorp, Jonathan K. L. Mak, Juulia Jylhava, Maria Eriksdotter, Sara Hagg, Dorota Religa
Summary: This study aimed to analyze whether the health progression of geriatric Covid-19 survivors three months after the acute infection was worse than that of other geriatric patients. The results showed that the health of Covid-19 survivors did not significantly deteriorate compared to age, sex, and baseline health-matched non-Covid-19 patients after three months.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Bowen Tang, Xia Li, Yunzhang Wang, Arvid Sjolander, Kristina Johnell, Madhav Thambisetty, Luigi Ferrucci, Chandra A. Reynolds, Deborah Finkel, Juulia Jylhava, Nancy L. Pedersen, Sara Hagg
Summary: This study examined the effects of antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and antidiabetic drugs on biological aging. The results showed that the use of calcium channel blockers was associated with a decrease in DNA-methylation age and functional biological age. However, the effects of other drug subcategories were inconsistent.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jonathan K. L. Mak, Ralf Kuja-Halkola, Yunzhang Wang, Sara Haegg, Juulia Jylhaevae
Summary: The study found that frailty index (FI) and frailty phenotype (FP) scores are associated with the incidence of any cancer and certain common cancers. However, the predictive utility of frailty scores for most cancers is limited.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Elsa Ojalehto, Yiqiang Zhan, Juulia Jylhava, Chandra A. Reynolds, Anna K. Dahl Aslan, Ida K. Karlsson
Summary: The study found that the association between obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) differs based on genetically predicted BMI. People with genetically predicted lower BMI had a stronger association between midlife obesity and CVD compared to those with genetically predicted high BMI. However, there are additional genetic factors that were not captured by the genetic prediction models.
Review
Cell Biology
Elsa Dent, Peter Hanlon, Marc Sim, Juulia Jylhava, Zuyun Liu, Davide L. Vetrano, Erwin Stolz, Mario Ulises Perez-Zepeda, Daniel R. Crabtree, Caroline Nicholson, Jenny Job, Rachel C. Ambagtsheer, Paul R. Ward, Sandra M. Shi, Quan Huynh, Emiel O. Hoogendijk
Summary: This narrative review provides critical insights into recent developments and emerging practices in frailty research. It highlights the importance of new biomarkers, artificial intelligence, and studying medication response in older adults with frailty. The review also emphasizes the need for cost-effective, community-based interventions and better support for older adults with frailty.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Meeri Honkanen, Simo Sirkeoja, Hanna Viskari, Ville Kailankangas, Marjatta Sinisalo, Jaana Syrjänen
Summary: The incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients has not been extensively studied. In a study of 13,019 individuals with positive SARS-CoV-2 tests, 447 cases (0.2%) of VTE were identified, with 293 (66%) being pulmonary embolisms. The analysis did not find a significant increase in VTE risk associated with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test.
INTERNAL MEDICINE JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Xia Li, Alexander Ploner, Yunzhang Wang, Jonathan K. L. Mak, Yi Lu, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Juulia Jylhava, Sara Hagg
Summary: This study found that PA mutation burdens in the CRP and G6PC genes were strongly associated with decreased serum CRP concentrations in participants from the UK Biobank. Additionally, the effects of obesity and central obesity on CRP concentration were smaller among PA mutation carriers. These findings suggest that considering rare genetic factors may improve the delivery of precision medicine in clinical settings.
MOLECULAR GENETICS & GENOMIC MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Laura Kananen, Christian Molnar, Fredrik Ansker, Daria Julianna Kozlowska, Sara Hagg, Juulia Jylhava, Dorota Religa, Pauline Raaschou
Summary: The use of anticoagulants in nursing home residents diagnosed with COVID-19 in the Stockholm Region was associated with reduced 28-day mortality rates, especially in the 70-89 and 90-99 age groups and in women. The findings provide new insights for best practices in treating individuals with COVID-19 in nursing home settings.
HEALTH SCIENCE REPORTS
(2023)
