Review
Oncology
Maximilian J. Mair, Marjolein Geurts, Martin J. van den Bent, Anna S. Berghoff
Summary: WHO grade II-III gliomas are rare primary brain tumors with longer median survival compared to grade IV glioblastoma. Treatment involves maximal safe resection and adjuvant therapies, with challenges in conducting clinical trials due to rarity and long follow-up times. The 2016 WHO Classification introduced a molecular diagnostic framework for more homogenous subgroups. Available evidence for adjuvant treatment was generated pre-molecular era, emphasizing the need for further research in this field.
CANCER TREATMENT REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jacob P. Fisher, David C. Adamson
Summary: The standard of care for high-grade gliomas includes surgical resection, radiation therapy, and temozolomide, which have improved patient survival rates. Besides temozolomide, there are several other FDA-approved treatments for HGG, with tumor treatment fields being the only one shown to significantly improve survival rates.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Luis E. Ayala-Hernandez, Armando Gallegos, Philippe Schucht, Michael Murek, Luis Perez-Romasanta, Juan Belmonte-Beitia, Victor M. Perez-Garcia
Summary: A mathematical model was constructed to study the response of low-grade gliomas to combinations of temozolomide chemotherapy and radiation therapy, showing that concurrent cycles of radiation therapy and temozolomide could provide the best therapeutic efficacy. Computer simulations extended the patient cohort to 3000 virtual patients, with in-silico trials indicating that matching the doses of radiotherapy to those of temozolomide in the first five days of each cycle improved overall survival. This proposed treatment schedule could potentially improve combination treatments in LGGs in a clinical setting.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Yao Yu, Javier Villanueva-Meyer, Matthew R. Grimmer, Stephanie Hilz, David A. Solomon, Serah Choi, Michael Wahl, Tali Mazor, Chibo Hong, Anny Shai, Joanna J. Phillips, Bruce H. Wainer, Michael McDermott, Daphne Haas-Kogan, Jennie W. Taylor, Nicholas Butowski, Jennifer L. Clarke, Mitchel S. Berger, Annette M. Molinaro, Susan M. Chang, Joseph F. Costello, Nancy Ann Oberheim Bush
Summary: The study found that hypermutation induced by temozolomide greatly increased the risk of high-grade disease recurrence in low-grade IDH-mutant glioma patients previously treated with TMZ, and was associated with shorter survival after transformation. Tumors with hypermutation were more likely to develop discontiguous foci of disease in the brain and spine.
Article
Integrative & Complementary Medicine
Ming Zhang, Liying Gao, Xiaofeng Liu, Fang Dong, Qun Su, Yanping Zhang, Fengju Li, Hulan Wang, Pengbing Han
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy, safety, and prognostic value of low-dose apatinib in combination with temozolomide for high-grade gliomas. The results showed that the combination therapy was effective in improving clinical efficacy, reducing brain edema, reducing medication use, and improving patient's quality of life, with mild adverse effects.
EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Milena Guidi, Laura Giunti, Anna Maria Buccoliero, Carla Fonte, Silvia Scoccianti, Maria Luigia Censullo, Chiara Caporalini, Marco Tellini, Marco Di Nicola, Barbara Castelli, Daniela Greto, Flavio Giordano, Lorenzo Genitori, Iacopo Sardi
Summary: Children with high grade gliomas were treated with combination therapy of vinorelbine and valproic acid. The treatment was found to be feasible, well-tolerated, and showed promising survival rates.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Deborah Y. Park, Martin C. Tom, Yanwen Chen, Surabhi Tewari, Manmeet S. Ahluwalia, Jennifer S. Yu, Samuel T. Chao, John H. Suh, David M. Peereboom, Glen H. J. Stevens, Gene H. Barnett, Lilyana Angelov, Alireza Mohammadi, Thomas Hogan, Courtney Kissel, Brittany Lapin, Isabel Schuermeyer, Michael W. Parsons, Richard Naugle, Erin S. Murphy
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of concurrent temozolomide-based chemoradiation therapy on neurocognitive function in low-grade glioma patients. Patients aged over 40 and with education over 16 years demonstrated superior baseline verbal memory. Overall, neurocognitive function remained stable following the treatment.
JOURNAL OF NEURO-ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Hui Yao, Jiangang Liu, Chi Zhang, Yunxiang Shao, Xuetao Li, Ming Feng, Ximing Wang, Wenjuan Gan, Youxin Zhou, Yulun Huang
Summary: The study investigated the efficacy and safety of apatinib in combination with dose-dense regimens of temozolomide for treating recurrent high-grade glioma. Results showed a disease control rate of 82.3%, with a progression-free survival of 4 months and overall survival of 9.1 months. Apatinib and TMZ may be an alternative treatment option for patients with recurrent high-grade glioma, especially those with a low Karnofsky performance status. More studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these findings.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Kosuke Aoki, Hiromichi Suzuki, Takashi Yamamoto, Kimiyo N. Yamamoto, Sachi Maeda, Yusuke Okuno, Melissa Ranjit, Kazuya Motomura, Fumiharu Ohka, Kuniaki Tanahashi, Masaki Hirano, Tomohide Nishikawa, Hiroyuki Shimizu, Yotaro Kitano, Junya Yamaguchi, Shintaro Yamazaki, Hideo Nakamura, Masamichi Takahashi, Yoshitaka Narita, Mitsutoshi Nakada, Shoichi Deguchi, Masahiro Mizoguchi, Yasutomo Momii, Yoshihiro Muragaki, Tatsuya Abe, Jiro Akimoto, Toshihiko Wakabayashi, Ryuta Saito, Seishi Ogawa, Hiroshi Haeno, Atsushi Natsume
Summary: This study used a mathematical model to uncover therapeutic strategies for IDHmutLGGs and identified precision medicine approaches based on different genetic alterations. It highlighted the importance of prompt adjuvant chemoradiotherapy for small IDHmut-LGGs and the differential treatment needs for large IDHmut-LGGs based on genetic subtypes.
Article
Oncology
Zewei Tu, Qiankun Ji, Qing Han, Xiaoyan Long, Jingying Li, Lei Wu, Kai Huang, Xingen Zhu
Summary: Intrinsic immune-evasion patterns of gliomas can help predict clinical prognosis and determine treatment. Gene expression analysis identified three subgroups of lower-grade glioma (LGG) with distinct prognosis and immune infiltrations. Assessing immune-evasion levels can guide individualized therapeutic strategies for LGG patients.
Article
Oncology
Steven G. DuBois, M. Meaghan Granger, Susan Groshen, Denice Tsao-Wei, Lingyun Ji, Anasheh Shamirian, Scarlett Czarnecki, Fariba Goodarzian, Rachel Berkovich, Hiroyuki Shimada, Judith G. Villablanca, Kieuhoa T. Vo, Navin Pinto, Yael P. Mosse, John M. Maris, Suzanne Shusterman, Susan L. Cohn, Kelly C. Goldsmith, Brian Weiss, Gregory A. Yanik, Clare J. Twist, Meredith S. Irwin, Daphne A. Haas-Kogan, Julie R. Park, Araz Marachelian, Katherine K. Matthay
Summary: The purpose of this study was to identify the MIBG regimen with the highest true response rate for neuroblastoma treatment. The results indicated that the combination of vorinostat and MIBG showed the highest true response rate and manageable toxicity, while vincristine and irinotecan did not improve the response rate and were associated with increased toxicity.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Xiaoguang Qiu, Yidong Chen, Zhaoshi Bao, Li Chen, Tao Jiang
Summary: In patients with IDH-wt/TERTp-mut grade II/III gliomas, the combination of radiotherapy and temozolomide followed by adjuvant temozolomide resulted in significantly longer overall survival compared to radiotherapy alone. Female sex was identified as a significant favorable prognostic factor.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Farrah Bashir, Bilal Mazhar Qureshi, Khurram Minhas, Uri Tabori, Eric Bouffet, Cynthia Hawkins, Ather Enam, Naureen Mushtaq
Summary: Pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG) is a highly malignant central nervous system tumor that requires a multidisciplinary team for effective treatment. A significant proportion of pHGG is associated with cancer predisposition syndromes, and the response to treatment is limited. The management of pHGG by a multidisciplinary team is particularly important in low middle-income countries with limited resources.
PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Elham Kashani, Desiree Schnidrig, Ali Hashemi Gheinani, Martina Selina Ninck, Philipp Zens, Theoni Maragkou, Ulrich Baumgartner, Philippe Schucht, Gunnar Ratsch, Mark A. Rubin, Sabina Berezowska, Charlotte K. Y. Ng, Erik Vassella
Summary: This study reveals the characteristics of recurrent gliomas, including early branching evolution, high tumor plasticity at the level of microRNA and mRNA expression profiles, and the involvement of TGF-beta signaling.
Article
Oncology
Karan S. Dixit, Sean Sachdev, Christina Amidei, Priya Kumthekar, Tim J. Kruser, Vinai Gondi, Sean Grimm, Rimas Lukas, Martin Kelly Nicholas, Steven J. Chmura, Angela J. Fought, Minesh Mehta, Jeffrey J. Raizer
Summary: This study demonstrates that re-irradiation with bevacizumab and temozolomide is a safe and effective salvage treatment for patients with bevacizumab-refractory high-grade glioma. Patients further from their initial radiotherapy may derive greater benefit from this regimen.
JOURNAL OF NEURO-ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
M. Savva, T. Vasilopoulou, C. R. Nobs, P. Batistoni, B. Colling, Z. Ghani, M. R. Gilbert, S. Loreti, K. Mergia, S. Messoloras, I Michelakaki, L. W. Packer, M. Pillon, I. E. Stamatelatos, K. Triantou
FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2019)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
C. R. Nobs, L. W. Packer, P. Batistoni, B. Colling, Z. Ghani, M. R. Gilbert, S. Loreti, K. Mergia, S. Messoloras, I Michelakaki, M. Pillon, M. Savva, I. E. Stamatelatos, K. Triantou, T. Vasilopoulou
FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2019)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
M. R. Gilbert, J-Ch Sublet
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
M. R. Gilbert, L. W. Packer, T. Stainer
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Philip D. Edmondson, Baptiste Gault, Mark R. Gilbert
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
G. W. Bailey, O. V. Vilkhivskaya, M. R. Gilbert
Summary: Studies have shown that during operation of fusion reactors, steels will become activated and need to be disposed of as radioactive waste. The waste expectations of steels from European DEMO-like fusion reactors were investigated, revealing that some steels may struggle to meet low level waste requirements. It is recommended that waste disposal strategies are included in fusion reactor proposals before construction begins to align with radioactive waste regulations.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Damian Sobieraj, Jan S. Wrobel, Mark R. Gilbert, Andrey Litnovsky, Felix Klein, Krzysztof J. Kurzydlowski, Duc Nguyen-Manh
Summary: W-Cr-Y smart alloys show protective behavior for plasma facing components and Y and Ti additions affect phase stability and short-range ordering of the alloy.
Article
Physics, Condensed Matter
Yichen Qian, Mark R. Gilbert, Lucile Dezerald, David Cereceda
Summary: Tungsten and tungsten alloys are considered as leading materials for future fusion energy devices due to their high melting point, thermal conductivity, and low radioactive footprint. However, the low fracture toughness of tungsten limits its applications. Significant neutron-induced transmutation occurs in tungsten components during nuclear fusion reactions, necessitating the use of density functional theory calculations to better understand their behavior.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
(2021)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
M. R. Gilbert, K. Arakawa, Z. Bergstrom, M. J. Caturla, S. L. Dudarev, F. Gao, A. M. Goryaeva, S. Y. Hu, X. Hu, R. J. Kurtz, A. Litnovsky, J. Marian, M-C Marinica, E. Martinez, E. A. Marquis, D. R. Mason, B. N. Nguyen, P. Olsson, Y. Osetskiy, D. Senor, W. Setyawan, M. P. Short, T. Suzudo, J. R. Trelewicz, T. Tsuru, G. S. Was, B. D. Wirth, L. Yang, Y. Zhang, S. J. Zinkle
Summary: Predicting material performance in fusion reactor environments relies on computational modeling supported by experiments. Leading experts discussed current positions and ongoing challenges in modeling fusion materials, highlighting topics such as irradiation-induced defect production, gas behavior, clustering, and defect evolution.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
L. W. Packer, P. Batistoni, N. Bekris, S. C. Bradnam, M. Fabbri, Z. Ghani, M. R. Gilbert, R. Kierepko, E. Laszynska, D. Leichtle, I. Lengar, S. Loreti, J. W. Mietelski, C. R. Nobs, M. Pillon, M. I. Savva, I. E. Stamatelatos, T. Vasilopoulou, A. Wojcik-Gargula, A. Zohar
Summary: The latest results from experimental activities conducted within the 'ACT' sub-project under the EUROfusion WPJET3 programme on irradiating ITER materials are presented, including analyses of various material samples and characterization of irradiation locations. These results also include comparisons with neutron transport and activation calculation predictions for the ITER samples.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Luca Reali, Max Boleininger, Mark R. Gilbert, Sergei L. Dudarev
Summary: In this study, we propose a method for computing macroscopic elastic stress and strain in components of a fusion power plant using the eigenstrain produced by defects in a material exposed to high energy neutron irradiation. Analytical and numerical analysis of several case studies related to the design of a fusion power plant show that the spatial distribution of defects leads to significant elastic stresses in ion-irradiated thin films, pressurized cylindrical tubes, and breeding blanket modules.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Sehila M. Gonzalez de Vicente, Nicholas A. Smith, Laila El-Guebaly, Sergio Ciattaglia, Luigi Di Pace, Mark Gilbert, Robert Mandoki, Sandrine Rosanvallon, Youji Someya, Kenji Tobita, David Torcy
Summary: In the absence of official standards and guidelines, fusion designers have adopted well-established standards for fission-based nuclear power plants. However, this approach may result in overconservative measures and increased cost and complexity. One important issue in fusion power is the generation of radioactive waste, which is significantly different from fission NPP waste. Fusion waste mainly consists of low-level and intermediate level waste, but without many long-lived isotopes. The use of reduced-activation materials in fusion technology allows for lower decay heat removal and rapid radioactivity decay.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Arunodaya Bhattacharya, Steven J. Zinkle, Jean Henry, Samara M. Levine, Philip D. Edmondson, Mark R. Gilbert, Hiroyasu Tanigawa, Charles E. Kessel
Summary: RAFM and ODS steels are the most promising candidates for fusion first-wall/blanket structures, but their performance will deteriorate due to neutron damage and gas effects during operation. Future development should target materials with lower chromium concentration to minimize irradiation-induced effects.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shu Huang, Ryan Kerr, Samuel Murphy, Mark R. Gilbert, Jaime Marian
Summary: A numerical model is presented to predict oxide scale growth on tungsten surfaces under exposure to oxygen at high temperatures, with simulations showing deviations from classical parabolic growth in certain cases. The model is parameterized using experimental measurements and electronic structure calculations, with a comparison to extensive experimental data showing reasonable agreement at most temperatures. This work attempts to embed the thermodynamic and kinetic complexity of tungsten oxide growth into a comprehensive mesoscale kinetic model to fill existing knowledge gaps and guide future tungsten oxidation models.
MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Sophia O. von Tiedemann, David M. Collins, Mark R. Gilbert, Ivan A. Kodeli
Summary: Predictions of material activity in commercial fusion conditions mostly rely on computational methods due to lack of data on long-term effects of high-energy neutron irradiation on structural steels. This study focused on modelling neutron activation of four structural steels in a fusion reactor environment after 20 years of operation. Eurofer and F82H steels exhibited higher resistance to neutron activation than G91 and SS316L(N)-IG. The vacuum vessel (SS316L(N)-IG) would not be classified as low-level waste for several centuries.
FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2023)