Review
Immunology
Lourdes Plaza-Rojas, Jose A. Guevara-Patino
Summary: Vitiligo is an acquired multifactorial disease that affects melanocytes, leading to skin depigmentation. This review focuses on the role of cell stress and self-reactive T cells responses in the development of vitiligo, specifically looking at the NKG2D signaling pathway. The study discusses how melanocyte stress induces the expression of ligands recognized by NKG2D, leading to T cell activation against self.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Puyu Zou, Yangfan Xiao, Qiancheng Deng, Yaqian Shi, Ruixuan You, Zixin Pi, Jiani Liu, Yi Zhan, Qinghai Zeng, Zhuotong Zeng, Rong Xiao
Summary: The study revealed that occludin is upregulated in CD8(+) T cells of vitiligo patients, mediating the adhesion between CD8(+) T cells and melanocytes. Moreover, fibroblasts from vitiligo patients also express occludin, contributing to the continuous retention of CD8(+) T cells in skin lesions. These findings suggest a critical role for occludin in the pathogenesis and progression of vitiligo.
OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fabrizio Guarneri, Lucrezia Bertino, Giovanni Pioggia, Marco Casciaro, Sebastiano Gangemi
Summary: Oxidative stress plays a critical role in chronic inflammatory diseases, with antioxidant treatments showing potential therapeutic benefits for conditions like psoriasis, vitiligo, and lichen planus. However, existing studies on antioxidant therapies in dermatology are limited, heterogeneous, and often require combination with standard drug treatments to achieve measurable results. Further research is needed using larger populations and standardized scales to assess the clinical efficacy of antioxidants.
Article
Cell Biology
Tobias Neef, Igal Ifergan, Sara Beddow, Pablo Penaloza-MacMaster, Kathryn Haskins, Lonnie D. Shea, Joseph R. Podojil, Stephen D. Miller
Summary: This study demonstrated that PLG nanoparticles loaded with peptide antigen could mitigate diseases in animal models and celiac patients. The mechanisms of tolerance induction include the expansion of antigen-specific CD4(+) regulatory T cells and the sequestration of autoreactive cells in the spleen, which are crucial for clinical application. Additionally, nanoparticles were able to modulate CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells in transgenic mouse strains, showing potential for future therapeutic development.
Review
Immunology
Erica L. Katz, John E. Harris
Summary: Vitiligo is a skin disease characterized by white spots, and significant progress has been made in understanding its pathogenesis over the past 30 years through perseverance, collaboration, and open-minded discussion. Researchers have explored various possible mechanisms through innervation, microvascular anomalies, oxidative stress, defects in melanocyte adhesion, autoimmunity, somatic mosaicism, and genetics, with animal models and improved patient sample collection methods playing important roles in translational studies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nika Hlaca, Tina Zagar, Marija Kastelan, Ines Brajac, Larisa Prpic-Massari
Summary: Vitiligo is an acquired immune-mediated disorder of pigmentation characterized by depigmented or chalk-white macules and patches on the skin. It has a significant impact on patients' social and emotional aspects of life. Genetic predisposition and environmental triggers are involved in the development of vitiligo. Immune cells and their mediators play a critical role in the immunopathogenesis, leading to apoptosis of melanocytes.
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Jianru Chen, Shuli Li, Chunying Li
Summary: Vitiligo is an autoimmune depigment disease caused by the destruction of melanocytes due to various factors, including genetic susceptibility, oxidative stress, and immune dysfunction. Research suggests that most melanocyte deaths are a result of abnormal immune responses, including heightened innate immunity, skewed T helper cells, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
MEDICINAL RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Min Ji Song, Chi-Hyun Park, Haesoo Kim, Sangbum Han, Si Hyung Lee, Dong Hun Lee, Jin Ho Chung
Summary: Aging is characterized by impaired mitochondrial function and cellular senescence. This study reveals a novel role of carnitine acetyltransferase (CRAT) in the development of mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence. CRAT deficiency induces mitochondrial damage, leading to the secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and the initiation of aging.
Review
Immunology
Keitaro Fukuda
Summary: This article discusses the important role of MSA-specific CD8(+) T cells in the treatment outcomes of melanoma and vitiligo, and explores the key targets for enhancing the efficacy of current therapies and future immunotherapeutic approaches.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Paolo Custurone, Luca Di Bartolomeo, Natasha Irrera, Francesco Borgia, Domenica Altavilla, Alessandra Bitto, Giovanni Pallio, Francesco Squadrito, Mario Vaccaro
Summary: Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune dermatosis with limited understanding of its pathogenesis. Current research focuses on immune mediators and biological drugs to improve treatment outcomes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Chen Lyu, Yonghu Sun
Summary: Vitiligo is a skin disorder characterized by the loss of melanocytes. The pathogenesis of vitiligo involves immunometabolism, including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and defects in metabolic pathways. These abnormalities are influenced by genetic and epigenetic factors and are associated with glucose and lipid metabolism. Melanocytes, keratinocytes, and tissue-resident memory T cells play important roles in the dysregulation of metabolic pathways in vitiligo.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Jianru Chen, Weinan Guo, Pengran Du, Tingting Cui, Yuqi Yang, Yinghan Wang, Pan Kang, Zhe Zhang, Qi Wang, Zhubiao Ye, Ling Liu, Zhe Jian, Tianwen Gao, Huijie Bian, Shuli Li, Chunying Li
Summary: This study found that MIF is overabundant in vitiligo patients and a mouse model for human vitiligo. Inhibiting MIF can ameliorate vitiligo progression by suppressing the infiltration of CD8(+) T cells and protecting epidermal melanocytes. This suggests that MIF may be a potential target for vitiligo treatment.
JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
Maggi A. Refat, James P. Strassner, Michael L. Frisoli, Mehdi Rashighi, Jillian Richmond, Essam Nada, Ramadan Saleh, Mohammed Abu El-Hamd, Dori Goldberg, Bassel H. Mahmoud, John E. Harris
Summary: The study reveals that an increased number of CD8+ T cells in stable vitiligo lesions are negatively correlated with the success of postsurgical repigmentation. This finding can serve as a biomarker to identify ideal candidates for the melanocyte-keratinocyte transplantation procedure (MKTP).
JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhengping Wei, Qiuyang Du, Pingfei Li, Huicheng Liu, Minghui Xia, Yufei Chen, Guoyu Bi, Zhao-Hui Tang, Xiang Cheng, Youming Lu, Ran He, Arian Laurence, Jing Wang, Liu Huang, Huabin Li, Xiang-Ping Yang
Summary: The DAPK1-mTORC1 signaling pathway plays a crucial role in regulating the migration of CD8(+) cells and their antitumor function.
Review
Immunology
Joseph S. Dolina, Natalija Van Braeckel-Budimir, Graham D. Thomas, Shahram Salek-Ardakani
Summary: Recent research has revealed the heterogeneity within the exhausted CD8(+) T cell lineage, which consists of multiple interconnected subpopulations with distinct characteristics and locations. This understanding calls for a re-focusing of cancer immunotherapies on targeting the driver mechanisms underlying CD8(+) T(ex) development to stabilize functional subsets.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)