Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Nick S. Nurmohamed, Joao P. Belo Pereira, Renate M. Hoogeveen, Jeffrey Kroon, Jordan M. Kraaijenhof, Farahnaz Waissi, Nathalie Timmerman, Michiel J. Bom, Imo E. Hoefer, Paul Knaapen, Alberico L. Catapano, Wolfgang Koenig, Dominique de Kleijn, Frank L. J. Visseren, Evgeni Levin, Erik S. G. Stroes
Summary: The study demonstrates that a proteome-based risk model outperforms a clinical risk model in predicting recurrent ASCVD events. Neutrophil-related pathways were associated with cardiovascular events in low CRP patients, indicating residual inflammatory risk beyond traditional pathways.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Stefan Zivkovic, Gorica Maric, Natasa Cvetinovic, Danijela Lepojevic-Stefanovic, Bojana Bozic Cvijan
Summary: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Lipid-lowering agents used in the treatment of CVD may also have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. This review aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of currently available lipid-lowering medications, dietary supplements, and novel drugs.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Gian Luca Erre, Fabio Cacciapaglia, Garifallia Sakellariou, Andreina Manfredi, Elena Bartoloni, Ombretta Viapiana, Marco Fornaro, Alberto Cauli, Arduino Aleksander Mangoni, Richard John Woodman, Bianca Lucia Palermo, Elisa Gremese, Giacomo Cafaro, Valeria Nucera, Caterina Vacchi, Francesca Romana Spinelli, Fabiola Atzeni, Matteo Piga
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between C-reactive protein (CRP) and 10-year risk of cardiovascular (CV) events in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. The results showed a significant association between CRP concentrations and 10-year risk of CV events in RA patients without previous cardiovascular events. This suggests that targeting residual inflammatory risk beyond conventional and RA-specific risk factors may further reduce CV event rates in RA patients.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Shuang-Tong Yan, Jing Sun, Zhao-Yan Gu, Xin-Yu Miao, Li-Chao Ma, Ban-Ruo Sun, Xiao-Min Fu, Hong-Zhou Liu, Guang Yang, Fu-Sheng Fang, Hong Li
Summary: This study investigated the associations between C-peptide and cardiovascular biomarkers and events. The results showed that in participants without previous type 2 diabetes, there were negative relationships between fasting C-peptide and cardiovascular biomarkers at low levels, and positive relationships at high levels. The associations between C-peptide and cardiovascular events had a non-linear pattern. However, in patients with previous type 2 diabetes, the associations were not significant.
CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Karen Pesqueda-Cendejas, Melissa Rivera-Escoto, Monica R. Meza-Meza, Bertha Campos-Lopez, Isela Parra-Rojas, Margarita Montoya-Buelna, Ulises de la Cruz-mosso
Summary: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by a bimodal mortality pattern related to clinical disease activity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The high prevalence of CVD in SLE patients is believed to be caused by the complex interaction between traditional and non-traditional CVD risk factors. Additionally, nutritional approaches have the potential to reduce SLE severity and organ damage by modulating the development of CVD risk factors.
Article
Oncology
Britton Trabert, Cassandra A. Hathaway, Megan S. Rice, Eric B. Rimm, Patrick M. Sluss, Kathryn L. Terry, Oana A. Zeleznik, Shelley S. Tworoger
Summary: Data from two large prospective studies in the United States and United Kingdom suggest that total cholesterol levels may be inversely associated with ovarian cancer risk, while triglycerides may be positively associated with risk, especially when assessed at least 2 years before diagnosis.
CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Setor K. Kunutsor, Sudhir Kurl, Ari Voutilainen, Jari A. Laukkanen
Summary: This study aims to assess the association between C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) and risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The results showed that elevated CAR is associated with an increased risk of VTE in middle-aged and older men. Further research is needed to validate these findings and evaluate the potential value of CAR in VTE management.
NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shao-Sung Huang, Po-Hsun Huang, Hsin-Bang Leu, Tao-Cheng Wu, Jaw-Wen Chen, Shing-Jong Lin
Summary: The study suggests that elevated serum FGF-23 levels are associated with an increased risk for CA-AKI and future MACE in patients undergoing coronary angiography. FGF-23 may play a role in early diagnosis of CA-AKI and predicting clinical outcomes after coronary angiography.
Article
Oncology
Enbo Ma, Taichi Shimazu, Minkyo Song, Hadrien Charvat, Norie Sawada, Taiki Yamaji, Manami Inoue, M. Constanza Camargo, Troy J. Kemp, Ruth M. Pfeiffer, Ligia A. Pinto, Charles S. Rabkin, Shoichiro Tsugane
Summary: This study found no significant associations between 62 inflammatory markers and pancreatic cancer risk, but further investigation is warranted for the suggestive association with circulating levels of leukocyte recruiting cytokine CCL8/MCP2.
CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Marios K. Georgakis, Rainer Malik, Tom G. Richardson, Joanna M. M. Howson, Christopher D. Anderson, Stephen Burgess, G. Kees Hovingh, Martin Dichgans, Dipender Gill
Summary: The study found that genetically predicted IL-6 signaling is positively associated with CVD risk, and the increase in CVD risk is linearly related to baseline hsCRP levels. There is no heterogeneity in the association of genetically predicted IL-6 signaling with CVD risk when stratifying the population by sex, age, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, or systolic blood pressure, but there is evidence of greater associations in individuals with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol >= 160 mg/dL.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yu-Kang Chang, Hueng-Chuen Fan, Chi-Chien Lin, Yuan-Hung Wang, Wan-Ni Tsai, Paik-Seong Lim
Summary: This study evaluated the risk of developing end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with and without atrial fibrillation (AF). The results showed that DM patients with AF had an increased risk of ESRD compared to those without AF, and DM patients with hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD), or higher Charlson Comorbidity Index scores also had significantly increased ESRD risks.
Review
Respiratory System
Ashar Dhana, Rishi K. Gupta, Yohhei Hamada, Andre P. Kengne, Andrew D. Kerkhoff, Christina Yoon, Adithya Cattamanchi, Byron W. P. Reeve, Grant Theron, Gcobisa Ndlangalavu, Robin Wood, Paul K. Drain, Claire J. Calderwood, Mahdad Noursadeghi, Tom Boyles, Graeme Meintjes, Gary Maartens, David A. Barr
Summary: This study compared the performance of WHO-recommended tuberculosis screening tools with two newly developed clinical prediction models (CPMs) among outpatient people living with HIV. The results showed that C-reactive protein (CRP) performed the best as a screening tool, and the choice between using CRP or a CPM depends on available resources.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Michael Drozd, Mar Pujades-Rodriguez, Ann W. Morgan, Patrick J. Lillie, Klaus K. Witte, Mark T. Kearney, Richard M. Cubbon
Summary: Systemic inflammation assessed using C-reactive protein is common in many chronic diseases and is associated with increased long-term risk of fatal infection.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Mark Slevin, Nima Heidari, Leonard Azamfirei
Summary: Monomeric C-reactive protein (mCRP) plays a critical role in the development of diseases caused by inflammation. Its tissue and cellular distribution are associated with inflammation and the progression of neurological and cardiovascular complications. Current research has also identified the diagnostic and prognostic potential of mCRP, making it a potential target for future therapeutic interventions.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Constanza Jimenez, Mauricio Garrido, Pirkko Pussinen, Maria Jose Bordagaray, Alejandra Fernandez, Claudia Vega, Alejandra Chaparro, Anilei Hoare, Marcela Hernandez
Summary: The study found that the detection rates of endodontic Porphyromonas endodontalis and Porphyromonas gingivalis in apical periodontitis patients were 33.3% and 22.9% respectively. AP patients had higher levels of serum anti-P. endodontalis and anti-P. gingivalis IgG compared to controls. Presence of endodontic P. endodontalis was associated with higher endotoxemia, while anti-P. endodontalis IgG seemed to be protective against low-grade systemic inflammation.
CLINICAL ORAL INVESTIGATIONS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sheng-Chia Chung, Rui Providencia, Reecha Sofat, Mar Pujades-Rodriguez, Ana Torralbo, Ghazaleh Fatemifar, Natalie K. Fitzpatrick, Julie Taylor, Ken Li, Caroline Dale, Martin Rossor, Dionisio Acosta-Mena, John Whittaker, Spiros Denaxas
Summary: This study analyzed longitudinal cohort data of 4.3 million individuals in the UK to examine dementia incidence and mortality. The results showed that dementia incidence was higher in individuals living in high deprivation areas. Prior to dementia diagnosis, patients experienced repeated hospitalizations and multiple primary care visits. The findings highlight the importance of addressing the disparities in dementia for prevention and patient care.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Norm R. C. Campbell, Paul K. Whelton, Marcelo Orias, Richard D. Wainford, Francesco P. Cappuccio, Nicole Ide, Bruce Neal, Jennifer Cohn, Laura K. Cobb, Jacqui Webster, Kathy Trieu, Feng J. He, Rachael M. McLean, Adriana Blanco-Metzler, Mark Woodward, Nadia Khan, Yoshihiro Kokubo, Leo Nederveen, JoAnne Arcand, Graham A. MacGregor, Mayowa O. Owolabi, Liu Lisheng, Gianfranco Parati, Daniel T. Lackland, Fadi J. Charchar, Bryan Williams, Maciej Tomaszewski, Cesar A. Romero, Beatriz Champagne, Mary R. L'Abbe, Michael A. Weber, Markus P. Schlaich, Agnes Fogo, Valery L. Feigin, Rufus Akinyemi, Felipe Inserra, Bindu Menon, Marcia Simas, Mario Fritsch Neves, Krassimira Hristova, Carolyn Pullen, Sanjay Pandeya, Junbo Ge, Jorge E. Jalil, Ji-Guang Wang, Jiri Wideimsky, Reinhold Kreutz, Ulrich Wenzel, Michael Stowasser, Manuel Arango, Athanasios Protogerou, Eugenia Gkaliagkousi, Flavio Danni Fuchs, Mansi Patil, Andy Wai-Kwong Chan, Janos Nemcsik, Ross T. Tsuyuki, Sanjeevi Nathamuni Narasingan, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Maria Eugenia Ramos, Natalie Yeo, Hiromi Rakugi, Agustin J. Ramirez, Guillermo Alvarez, Adel Berbari, Cho-il Kim, Sang-Hyun Ihm, Yook-Chin Chia, Tsolmon Unurjargal, Hye Kyung Park, Kolawole Wahab, Helen McGuire, Naranjargal J. Dashdorj, Mohammed Ishaq, Deborah Ignacia D. Ona, Leilani B. Mercado-Asis, Aleksander Prejbisz, Marianne Leenaerts, Carla Simao, Fernando Pinto, Bader Ali Almustafa, Jonas Spaak, Stefan Farsky, Dragan Lovic, Xin-Hua Zhang
JOURNAL OF HUMAN HYPERTENSION
(2023)
Article
Primary Health Care
Helen Strongman, Emily Herrett, Rod Jackson, Michael Sweeting, Alexander R. Lyon, Susannah Stanway, Claire Lawson, Umesh Kadam, Liam Smeeth, Krishnan Bhaskaran
Summary: This study aimed to assess whether cancer diagnosis should be included in cardiovascular risk scores. The results showed that including a 1-year cancer survivorship variable in a QRISK3-based model met the threshold for inclusion for males, but not females. When considering cancer type, the threshold was met for both sexes with a history of haematological cancer, and for males but not females with a history of solid cancers. Developers should consider including cancer history variables in future cardiovascular risk models.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF GENERAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Patrick Bidulka, Rohini Mathur, David G. Lugo-Palacios, Stephen O'Neill, Anirban Basu, Richard J. Silverwood, Paul Charlton, Andrew Briggs, Liam Smeeth, Amanda Adler, Ian J. Douglas, Kamlesh Khunti, Richard Grieve
Summary: This study assessed the disparities in the prescription of second-line antidiabetic treatments among people with type 2 diabetes in England based on ethnicity and social deprivation. The findings showed no significant differences in the percentage of different types of antidiabetic medications prescribed as second-line treatment based on ethnicity or deprivation level.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Stephen Burgess, Amy M. Mason, Andrew J. Grant, Eric A. W. Slob, Apostolos Gkatzionis, Verena Zuber, Ashish Patel, Haodong Tian, Cunhao Liu, William G. Haynes, G. Kees Hovingh, Lotte Bjerre Knudsen, John C. Whittaker, Dipender Gill
Summary: Evidence from randomized trials is reliable but expensive and slow, while evidence from observational studies is less reliable due to potential bias. Mendelian randomization is a quasi-experimental method that utilizes naturally occurring genetic variations as instrumental variables to investigate the effects of drug targets. This approach can provide rapid and diverse opportunities for studying drug mechanisms, biomarkers, and population subgroups.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jennifer A. Davidson, Amitava Banerjee, Ian Douglas, Clemence Leyrat, Richard Pebody, Helen McDonald, Emily Herrett, Harriet Forbes, Liam Smeeth, Charlotte Warren-Gash
Summary: This study reveals that the incidence of first myocardial infarction and stroke is reduced 1-3 months after influenza vaccination. However, it is still unclear how underlying cardiovascular risk affects this association.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
William J. Hulme, Elizabeth Williamson, Elsie M. F. Horne, Amelia Green, Helen I. I. McDonald, Alex J. J. Walker, Helen J. J. Curtis, Caroline E. Morton, Brian MacKenna, Richard Croker, Amir Mehrkar, Seb Bacon, David Evans, Peter Inglesby, Simon Davy, Krishnan Bhaskaran, Anna Schultze, Christopher T. Rentsch, Laurie Tomlinson, Ian J. Douglas, Stephen J. W. Evans, Liam Smeeth, Tom Palmer, Ben Goldacre, Miguel A. Hernan, Jonathan A. C. Sterne
Summary: The COVID-19 vaccines were developed and evaluated through randomized trials, but important questions remain unanswered. Observational studies and target trial emulation can provide valuable insights, although potential biases need to be managed. This article presents two approaches to emulate target trials using observational data.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Liam Smeeth, Catherine Kyobutungi
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Katerina Maximova, Enrique Loyola Elizondo, Holly Rippin, Joao Breda, Francesco P. Cappuccio, Morteza Hajihosseini, Kremlin Wickramasinghe, Irina Novik, Vital Pisaryk, Lela Sturua, Ainura Akmatova, Galina Obreja, Saodat Azimzoda Mustafo, Banu Ekinci, Toker Erguder, Shukhrat Shukurov, Gahraman Hagverdiyev, Diana Andreasyan, Carina Ferreira-Borges, Nino Berdzuli, Stephen Whiting, Natalia Fedkina, Ivo Rakovac
Summary: This study aimed to assess educational inequalities in high blood pressure (HBP) awareness, treatment and control, physician's advice on salt reduction, and salt knowledge, perceptions and consumption behaviors in Eastern Europe and Central Asia to inform strategies for improving blood pressure control and reducing salt intake. The results showed significant differences in HBP awareness, treatment and control, as well as salt knowledge and perceptions, based on education level. Participants with lower education had less coverage of physician's advice on salt reduction, especially those with untreated HBP or unaware of their HBP. There was an education gradient in salt knowledge and perceptions, but not in salt consumption behaviors. It is urgently needed to enhance public and patient knowledge and awareness of HBP and its risk factors, particularly targeting socio-economically disadvantaged groups, to alleviate the growing burden of HBP in low- and middle-income countries.
PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lanfranco D'Elia, Francesco P. Cappuccio, Maria Masulli, Ersilia La Fata, Domenico Rendina, Ferruccio Galletti
Summary: The systematic review and meta-analysis found that potassium supplementation improves endothelial function and increases flow-mediated dilation. The effect is stronger when urinary potassium excretion is higher than 90 mmol/day.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Emily Herrett, Keith Tomlin, Liang-Yu Lin, Laurie A. Tomlinson, Mark Jit, Andrew Briggs, Michael Marks, Frank Sandmann, John Parry, Christopher Bates, Jessica Morley, Seb Bacon, Benjamin Butler-Cole, Viyaasan Mahalingasivam, Alan Dennison, Deb Smith, Ethan Gabriel, Amir Mehrkar, Ben Goldacre, Liam Smeeth, Rosalind M. M. Eggo
Summary: This study aims to understand the impact of long COVID on health-related quality of life and productivity in English primary care patients. Participants will be asked to complete questionnaires through a smartphone app, covering aspects such as HRQoL, productivity, and symptoms of long COVID. Analysis will be conducted using the OpenSAFELY data platform to estimate the impact on HRQoL, productivity, and cost to the NHS.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Charlotte Warren-Gash, Jennifer A. Davidson, Helen Strongman, Emily Herrett, Liam Smeeth, Judith Breuer, Amitava Banerjee
Summary: This study investigated the association between cardiovascular risk and severe COVID-19 among adults in England. The findings showed that individuals without diagnosed cardiovascular disease but with raised cardiovascular risk were more likely to experience severe COVID-19 outcomes, suggesting the importance of prioritizing their prevention and treatment.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Sophie V. Eastwood, Alun D. Hughes, Laurie Tomlinson, Rohini Mathur, Liam Smeeth, Krishnan Bhaskaran, Nishi Chaturvedi
Summary: This study found ethnic differences in hypertension management in the UK, with better management among South Asians and poorer management among African/African Caribbean individuals. These differences may be associated with medication adherence and treatment persistence. Therefore, a nationwide strategy is necessary to understand and address the ongoing management disparities among people on antihypertensive medications.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Georgios Marakis, Ana Marques Domingues, Anna Crispo, Emmanuella Magriplis, Eleni Vasara, Lamprini Kontopoulou, Christos Triantafyllou, Petros Skepastianos, Sousana K. Papadopoulou, Nikolaos E. Rodopaios, Maria Hassapidou, Antonis Zampelas, Francesco P. Cappuccio, Joao Breda
Summary: The association between salt-related knowledge, attitude, behavior (KAB) and actual salt consumption in Greek adults was investigated in this study. The results showed that the average salt intake among Greek adults exceeded the WHO recommendation, and significant differences in knowledge scores were found based on sex, age, education, and BMI. However, no direct correlation was observed between salt intake and either knowledge or behavior scores. These findings emphasize the importance of food product reforms and accelerated efforts towards reducing salt intake by industry stakeholders.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jeremy P. Brown, Kevin Wing, Clemence Leyrat, Stephen J. Evans, Kathryn E. Mansfield, Angel Y. S. Wong, Liam Smeeth, Nicholas W. Galwey, Ian J. Douglas
Summary: The association between fluoroquinolone use and aortic aneurysm or dissection may be affected by confounding factors. When confounding is taken into account, there is no significant association, providing reassurance about the safety of fluoroquinolones with respect to aortic aneurysm or dissection. Fluoroquinolone use does not increase the risk of developing aortic aneurysm or dissection.