Article
Plant Sciences
Giuseppina Mandalari, Davide Barreca, Teresa Gervasi, Michael A. Roussell, Bob Klein, Mary Jo Feeney, Arianna Carughi
Summary: This review discusses the production, nutrient composition, phytochemical composition, and emerging research trends of pistachio nuts. Pistachios are a good source of protein, fiber, fatty acids, minerals, vitamins, and polyphenols, which contribute to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiviral effects. Pistachio consumption may have positive effects on cognitive function, gut microbiota, and skin health, as well as potentially impacting glucose regulation and type 2 diabetes.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Giuseppe Bonifazi, Giuseppe Capobianco, Riccardo Gasbarrone, Silvia Serranti
Summary: The study evaluated different multivariate classification methods for hyperspectral images in the SWIR range for quality control of pistachio nuts and detection of contaminants. Six material classes were investigated, and PCA was used to explore the acquired images. Various classification methods were employed, with PCA-kNN showing the best discrimination ability. The results demonstrate the potential of SWIR-HSI technology and multivariate analysis for contaminant detection in pistachios.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Huseyin Efe Genis, Sahin Durna, Ismail Hakki Boyaci
Summary: This study successfully developed a technique for detecting green pea and spinach adulteration in pistachio nuts using NIR spectroscopy and chemometric analysis. The results demonstrated that NIR spectroscopy is a non-destructive, fast, and straightforward method for classification and determination of pistachio adulteration with green pea and spinach.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jose Manuel Moreno-Rojas, Isabel Velasco-Ruiz, Maria Lovera, Jose Luis Ordonez-Diaz, Victor Ortiz-Somovilla, Elsy De Santiago, Octavio Arquero, Gema Pereira-Caro
Summary: This study characterized the polyphenolic compounds in eleven varieties of pistachio kernels cultivated in Andalusia, showing variations in compound content among different varieties. Additionally, there was no significant difference in total polyphenol content between the harvest seasons of 2019 and 2020.
Article
Agronomy
Harun Karci, Aibibula Paizila, Murat Guney, Mederbek Zhaanbaev, Salih Kafkas
Summary: This study characterized and fingerprinted sixty-six pistachio cultivars and genotypes from six different countries using a large number of SSR markers, identifying a significant number of alleles and genetic diversity, which can facilitate breeding and cultivar identification studies.
GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Antonella Smeriglio, Valeria D'Angelo, Marcella Denaro, Domenico Trombetta, Maria Paola Germano
Summary: The study found that pistachio hull extract has antioxidant and inhibitory effects on melanin biosynthesis, effectively reducing tyrosinase activity and decreasing pigmentation in zebrafish embryos.
PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Rafael C. Castro, David S. M. Ribeiro, Joao L. M. Santos, Ricardo N. M. J. Pascoa
Summary: This study proposes a method based on NIR spectroscopy and chemometric tools for the authentication, identification and quantification of cinnamon adulterants. The results reveal that NIR spectroscopy can accurately authenticate, identify and quantify adulterants in cinnamon samples in a rapid and low-cost manner.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Gloria Rovira, Carolina Sheng Whei Miaw, Mario Lucio Campos Martins, Marcelo Martins Sena, Scheilla Vitorino Carvalho de Souza, Itziar Ruisanchez, M. Pilar Callao
Summary: An untargeted strategy was developed to detect the adulteration of cashew nuts with other nuts. A one-class SIMCA model was established using spectroscopic techniques and the class limits were optimized using ROC curves. The implementation of high-level data fusion improved the performance of the strategy.
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Mohammad Homayoonzadeh, Vahid Hosseininaveh, Sajjad Reyhani Haghighi, Khalil Talebi, Ute Roessner, Reza Maali-Amiri
Summary: The study demonstrated that the pesticides imidacloprid and phosalone had significant effects on the biochemical responses and enzyme activities of pistachio plants, leading to increases in total phenols and total proteins. However, there were no significant changes in other indicators such as hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde. The impacts of the two pesticides on plant physiology were similar, with differences in the timing of peak effects.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lydia Valasi, Evangelia C. Zafeiri, Ioanna Thanou, Christos S. Pappas
Summary: Headspace solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) is the most commonly used solvent-free method for analyzing the volatile compounds in pistachio oils. This study compared the volatile profiles of pistachio oils extracted using two different techniques (ultrasound-assisted extraction and Soxhlet). Differences in oil yield and composition of volatile compounds were observed between the two groups of samples, which were attributed to the different thermal conditions. This article is the first to explore the influence of different extraction methods on the volatile profile of the unique flavor and odor pistachio oil from the 'Aegina' cultivar.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Ji Ahn Han, Ki Han Kwon
Summary: In recent years, the rice cake market has seen significant growth due to the development of products tailored to consumer needs and beneficial to health. Since the COVID-19 outbreak, there has been an increase in consumers seeking antioxidant-rich and immune-boosting foods for improved health and healthy eating habits. Tests have shown that pistachio rice cakes are high in polyphenols, which have strong antioxidant properties and strengthen the immune system. Research has focused on developing safe, functional, and sustainable pistachio rice cakes. A survey of Korean adults was conducted to explore perceptions, purchasing behavior, and strategies for popularizing pistachios and pistachio rice cakes. The results revealed a close relationship between pistachio perception, purchasing behavior, and popularization measures. Multiple regression analysis also showed that perception and purchasing behavior of pistachio rice cake products positively influenced rice cake technology development, specialized brand development, and the cultivation of traditional rice cake experts. This study highlights the importance of continuous research and development for food safety and sustainability in the rice cake industry, serving as valuable data for increasing sales.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Fan Zhao, Jiawei Zhang, Jihao Zhi
Summary: This study used near-infrared spectroscopy to identify adulterated Astragalus polysaccharides, and the classification models developed showed high accuracy.
INMATEH-AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Review
Plant Sciences
Esmaeil Nezami, Pedro P. Gallego
Summary: The word pstk [pistag] in ancient Persian language is the root of the word pistachio used globally. Pistachio refers to the plant and fruit of one species, Pistacia vera L. The plant and its fruits have been utilized by humans for thousands of years, with evidence of Neanderthals consuming them 300,000 years ago. Originating from southern Central Asia, domestication and cultivation of pistachio occurred about 3000 years ago, spreading to the Mediterranean basin during the Middle Ages and later exported to America and Australia in the 19th century. Pistachios are rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds that have various health benefits. However, the distribution and genetic diversity of pistachios have decreased due to population growth, climate change, and monoculture practices. The current pistachio industry relies heavily on a small number of commercial cultivars and rootstocks. This review discusses the etymology, origin, domestication, taxonomy, phylogeny, characteristics, production, biodiversity, cultivars, conservation strategies, and propagation methods of pistachios, and also explores the application of computational tools in micropropagation protocols for the genus Pistacia.
Article
Spectroscopy
Hao Yuan, Cailing Liu, Hongying Wang, Liangju Wang, Lei Dai
Summary: This study demonstrates that Vis-NIR spectroscopy can be used to distinguish the gestational sac from other abdominal tissues in rabbits. The raw spectra of tissues were analyzed using PCA and pre-processed using various techniques. The results show that the combination of Vis-NIR spectroscopy and PLS-DA can effectively discriminate the gestational sac from other abdominal tissues.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Fariba Sabzi, Diana Sirbu, Nikolai Kuhnert
Summary: A non-aqueous reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify triacylglycerols (TAGs) in pistachio lipids at the regioisomeric level. A two-dimensional (2D) map was employed for effective profiling of TAGs, specifically odd-numbered fatty acids and long-chain derivatives. TAGs were observed as pairs of regioisomers with distinct retention times and tandem mass spectra. Over 100 TAGs containing 26 fatty acids with 51-63 carbon atoms and 0-3 double bonds were identified in different pistachio samples. This method provides a fast and selective approach for quantifying complex TAGs in pistachio samples.
JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Raffaele Vitale, Cyril Ruckebusch
Summary: This article discusses the application of least squares-based estimations in chemometric methodologies and explores the basic principles of multivariate curve resolution from a regression point of view. The article emphasizes the impact of the number of data points and leverage on the accuracy of the solution and proposes data pruning as a method to improve the accuracy of the output.
JOURNAL OF CHEMOMETRICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Francesca Di Donato, Alessandra Biancolillo, Alessandra Ferretti, Angelo Antonio D'Antonio, Federico Marini
Summary: Near Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy can be used as a fast and economic method to authenticate pure Donkey milk (DM) and distinguish it from adulterated samples, even after undergoing freezing-thawing cycles.
JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Alessandro Nardecchia, Raffaele Vitale, Eric Ziemons, Ludovic Duponchel
Summary: Hyperspectral imaging technology is developing rapidly, allowing for faster data acquisition with improved quality. However, current chemometric classification methods only utilize spectral information, neglecting spatial information. This limitation can be overcome by employing the 2-D Stationary Wavelet Transform in the data preprocessing phase.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Jose Camacho, Raffaele Vitale, David Morales-Jimenez, Carolina Gomez-Llorente
Summary: This article proposes a method called VASCA, which improves the ASCA method by incorporating variable selection, increasing its statistical power without increasing the risk of Type-I errors. Evaluation with simulations and a real dataset shows that VASCA is more powerful than both ASCA and the commonly used false discovery rate controlling procedure.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Federica Castellani, Federico Marini, Giulia Simonetti, Carmela Protano, Leila Fabiani, Lamberto Manzoli, Matteo Vitali
Summary: Concentrations of 7 PCDDs, 10 PCDFs and 18 PCBs were measured in 16 milk samples from sheep and goats in Bussi sul Tirino, central Italy. The samples complied with the maximum levels set in EU regulations for PCDD/Fs and the sum of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs. However, in two cases, contamination levels of the sum of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs exceeded the action levels recommended by the EU. The contamination profiles of the milk samples were independent of the distance from the illegal landfill but likely influenced by local emission sources.
FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS PART A-CHEMISTRY ANALYSIS CONTROL EXPOSURE & RISK ASSESSMENT
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Vicky Caponigro, Federico Marini, Amalia G. M. Scannell, Aoife A. Gowen
Summary: This study compares the efficacy of Raman, FT-NIR, and FT-MIR spectral imaging techniques in quantifying lactose concentration in dried whole milk on different metallic surfaces. The results demonstrate that spectral imaging can rapidly quantify lactose concentration without the need for standard references.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Riccardo Calvani, Jacopo Gervasoni, Anna Picca, Francesca Ciciarello, Vincenzo Galluzzo, Helio Jose Coelho-Junior, Clara Di Mario, Elisa Gremese, Sara Lomuscio, Anna Maria Paglionico, Lavinia Santucci, Barbara Tolusso, Andrea Urbani, Federico Marini, Emanuele Marzetti, Francesco Landi, Matteo Tosato
Summary: Altered L-arginine metabolism and lower nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability were observed in adults with long COVID. Supplementation of L-arginine plus vitamin C significantly increased L-arginine concentrations and L-arginine/ADMA in these individuals, suggesting its potential as a remedy to improve NO bioavailability in long COVID patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Mohamad Ahmad, Raffaele Vitale, Marina Cocchi, Cyril Ruckebusch
Summary: This study proposes a novel weighting scheme to address the impact of noise on minor components and demonstrates its application in two simulated cases and one Raman imaging case. The proposed method achieves a balance between the benefits of standard multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares and essential spectral pixel selection.
JOURNAL OF CHEMOMETRICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Beatrice Fortuni, Monica Ricci, Raffaele Vitale, Tomoko Inose, Qiang Zhang, James Andell Hutchison, Kenji Hirai, Yasuhiko Fujita, Shuichi Toyouchi, Sandra Krzyzowska, Indra Van Zundert, Susana Rocha, Hiroshi Uji-i
Summary: Using surface-enhanced Raman scattering endoscopy, we monitored the intracellular fate and dynamics of the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin in A549 cancer cells. This technique provided unprecedented information on the mode of action of doxorubicin, including its localization in the nucleus, complexation with medium components, and intercalation with DNA over time. The results suggest that surface-enhanced Raman scattering endoscopy has potential in studying the dynamics and mechanism of action of drugs in cells.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Raffaele Vitale, Marina Cocchi, Alessandra Biancolillo, Cyril Ruckebusch, Federico Marini
Summary: This article provides a comprehensive tutorial on the classification method SIMCA, offering pragmatic guidelines for its correct utilization and answering basic questions on why, when, and how to employ SIMCA. The article addresses mathematical and statistical fundamentals, describes different variants of the algorithm, provides a flowchart for model parameter tuning, illustrates model assessment tools, and gives computational details and suggestions for model validation.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Sebastian Helmut Orth, Federico Marini, Glen Patrick Fox, Marena Manley, Stefan Hayward
Summary: A novel data fusion method based on VNIR and SWIR imaging sensors was proposed to distinguish between pregerminated and ungerminated barley grain. Spectral imaging was used to fingerprint germinated and ungerminated barley grain, and chemometric approaches were used to build classification models. The use of multiblock approaches led to increased prediction accuracy and offered a solution to detect pregerminated malting barley in a rapid, non-destructive manner.
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Vanessa Giannetti, Federico Marini, Maurizio Boccacci Mariani, Greta Livi
Summary: The research compared the carotenoid content of wholemeal pasta and traditional durum wheat pasta, and found that wholemeal pasta had significantly higher levels of carotenoids. These results are of great significance to the food industry in enhancing the utilization of raw materials with high nutritional content.
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Andrea Cerrato, Alessandra Biancolillo, Giuseppe Cannazza, Chiara Cavaliere, Cinzia Citti, Aldo Lagana, Federico Marini, Massimo Montanari, Carmela Maria Montone, Roberta Paris, Nino Virzi, Anna Laura Capriotti
Summary: This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of industrial hemp samples from different regions in Italy and different cultivars using metabolomics. The study found that cannabinoids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids play a key role in differentiating hemp samples and determining their biological activities.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Michel Rocha Baqueta, Patricia Valderrama, Enrique Anastacio Alves, Juliana Azevedo Lima Pallone, Federico Marini
Summary: Robusta Amazonico is a popular Amazonian coffee in Brazil, recently registered as a geographical indication. NIR spectroscopy is used to authenticate its production by indigenous people. Benchtop and portable NIR instruments were compared, with the best models providing accuracy rates of 96% and 92% respectively.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Jingyuan Liu, Kasper Engholm-Keller, Mahesha M. Poojary, Marta Bevilacqua, Mogens L. Andersen, Marianne N. Lund
Summary: This study investigated the reactions of 4-methylbenzoquinone with S-lactoglobulin and amino acids at neutral pH. The results showed that Cys121 was the most modified residue in S-LG, and Michael addition occurred in all reactions with amino acids. The rate constants correlated with the pKa values of the amino acids, indicating that the amount of unprotonated amine is the major factor determining reactivity.
