Review
Environmental Sciences
Hamed Aramjoo, Bamdad Riahi-Zanjani, Tahereh Farkhondeh, Fatemeh Forouzanfar, Mahmood Sadeghi
Summary: The specific effect of opioids on the activity of the cholinesterase enzyme is reviewed in literature, showing that opioids can induce cholinergic modulation by decreasing or increasing the enzyme activity. Different brain regions may show varying degrees of changes in ChE activity. The type of opioid used can also impact cholinergic modulation.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aijaz Ahmad Malik, Suvash Chandra Ojha, Nalini Schaduangrat, Chanin Nantasenamat
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a common form of dementia associated with cognitive decline and language impairment. Inhibition of cholinesterase enzymes, particularly acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, shows promise as a therapeutic approach for AD. A large-scale classification structure-activity relationship model was developed to predict cholinesterase inhibitory activities and identify important substructures influencing their activities.
MOLECULAR DIVERSITY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Rakesh Kumar Paul, Iqrar Ahmad, Harun Patel, Vipin Kumar, Kaisar Raza
Summary: The study focuses on identifying potential compounds from the Amberboa ramosa plant for inhibiting diabetes enzymes, with one compound showing the most promise and potential therapeutic effects.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Hasan Nabi, Imtiaz Ahmad, Farkhanda Kanwal, A. Ahmad Al Ghamdi, Dina S. Hussein, Khaloud Mohammed Alarjani, Muhammad Nabi, Muhammad Usman Amin, Saifullah
Summary: Aqueous methanol extracts of Sarcococca saligna leaves and roots were found to possess significant antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, and antibacterial activities. The aqueous methanolic extracts of both leaves and roots showed substantial antioxidant potential. Both the leaves and roots extracts exhibited significant inhibition against butyryl cholinesterase, while only the extracts of roots showed significant inhibition against acetyl cholinesterase. The extracts also demonstrated moderate to significant antibacterial activity against tested bacterial strains.
PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Shahid Yousuf Ganie, Darakhshan Javaid, Younis Ahmad Hajam, Mohd Salim Reshi
Summary: Organophosphates (OPs) are commonly used pesticides that can cause neurotoxic effects and other disorders. Humans are exposed to OPs through different routes and biomonitoring of OP markers can help measure and control exposure severity. Standard treatments for OP poisoning include administration of atropine and acetylcholine esterase restoration therapy. It is important to increase awareness about the potential risks of OP exposure and reevaluate exposure levels.
Article
Fisheries
Alshimaa A. Khalil, Yasmina M. Abd-Elhakim, Enas N. Said, Attia A. A. Moselhy, Abdelghafar M. Abu-Elsaoud, Walaa El-Houseiny
Summary: This study investigated the effects of milk thistle powder (MTP) and/or co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation on the neurobehavioral performance, brain oxidative status, and histological picture in Nile tilapia reared in nickel-polluted water. The results showed that MTP and/or CoQ10 supplementation reversed the negative effects of nickel on feeding behavior and aggression, restored antioxidant brain content, reduced malondialdehyde levels, and mitigated histopathological abnormalities. Overall, MTP and CoQ10 achieved the best neurobehavioral performance and brain oxidative status.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Redouane Lemoui, Thamere Cheriet, Foulla Kahlouche, Labib Nomanm, Ramdane Seghiri, Abdulmalik Abudunia
Summary: This study identified the chemical composition of the ethanol extract from aerial parts of Ranunculus, including a series of glycosylated flavonoids and one phenolic acid. The extract showed higher acetyl-cholinesterase inhibition compared to the reference compound Galantamine, moderate antibacterial activity against certain strains, and a reduction in plasma coagulation time.
NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Maria do Carmo Carreiras, Jose Marco-Contelles
Summary: The study summarizes the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel five-membered-ring-fused tacrine compounds as potential therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease. Among them, a pyranopyrazolotacrine has shown promising pharmacological properties, such as high cell viability, low hepatotoxicity, and potent inhibition of AChE.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Soumia Teniou, Abderrahmane Bensegueni, Brooks M. Hybertson, Bifeng Gao, Swapan K. Bose, Joe M. McCord, Benoit Chovelon, Chawki Bensouici, Ahcene Boumendjel, Isabelle Hininger-Favier
Summary: Pleurotus eryngii has significant antioxidant potential, presence of essential trace elements, and contributes to the management of brain-related disorders. The extract contains N-acetyltryptamine (NAT) that acts as a precursor for neurotransmitters and also inhibits acetylcholinesterase. Additionally, it is rich in zinc and has beneficial effects on cholesterol, antioxidants, cancer, and brain disorders.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Mohamed Hamed, Christopher J. Martyniuk, Mervat Naguib, Jae-Seong Lee, Alaa El-Din H. Sayed
Summary: Using common carp as a model, this study assessed the neurotoxic effects of polyethylene plastics. The results showed that exposure to plastic particles caused changes in biochemical biomarkers and induced various pathological changes in the carp brain and retina.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Zeinab Hosseini, Fatemeh Mansouritorghabeh, Faezeh Sadat Hosseini Kakhki, Mahmoud Hosseini, Hassan Rakhshandeh, Azar Hosseini, Maede Hasanpour, Mehrdad Iranshahi, Arezoo Rajabian
Summary: Sanguisorba minor has potential benefits in ameliorating learning and memory functions, as shown in experiments with rats. The hydro-ethanolic extract of S. minor reduced escape latency and traveled distance in behavioral tests, and increased the latency to enter the dark chamber in passive avoidance test. The extract also regulated cholinergic activity and oxidative stress by affecting AChE activity, antioxidant enzymes, and malondialdehyde level.
METABOLIC BRAIN DISEASE
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Ankur Kumar, Bhupender Nehra, Dilpreet Singh, Dileep Kumar, Pooja A. A. Chawla
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a major neurodegenerative disease that presents significant global health issues. It causes dementia, affecting memory, language, problem-solving, and other cognitive behaviors due to neuron degeneration. The disease is predicted to increase threefold by 2050, with factors such as depleted acetylcholine and beta-amyloid aggregation playing a role. Heterocyclic compounds have shown potential in the development of anti-Alzheimer's drugs. This review aims to summarize recent advancements in medicinal chemistry, including structure-activity relationship studies and in silico analyses.
CURRENT TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Javed Iqbal, Ali Imran Mallhi, Aziz Ur Rehman, Samiah H. Al-Mijalli, Mehr Un-Nisa, Fatiqa Zafar, Sohail Shahzad, Shahid Rasool, Munawar Iqbal, Syed Adnan Ali Shah
Summary: N-Substituted-2-propanamide analogues of 1,3,4-oxadiazole have been synthesized and screened for their inhibition potential against enzymes. Molecular docking investigations were used to understand the structure-activity relationship of the compounds and their interaction with enzyme active sites. Further studies on pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and in vivo effects are needed for the most active compounds.
HETEROCYCLIC COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Subhrangshu Mandal, Utsab Debnath, Jagannath Sarkar
Summary: This study provides comprehensive structural and genetic characterization of butyryl co-A dehydrogenase, revealing its stable molecular structure and thermostability suitable for industrial applications. Phylogenetic analysis suggests horizontal gene transfer as the main mechanism for its spread in organisms, and a functional butanol biosynthesis pathway has been constructed in Pusillimonas ginsengisoli SBSA, showing potential cost-effective use in the biofuel industry as an alternative to Clostridia systems.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Zixin Yang, Diming Tan, Weiwen Chen, Jun Hu, Rui Huang, Xiyang Wu, Milen I. Georgiev, Weibin Bai, Lingmin Tian
Summary: Enzymatically synthesized butyryl-FOSs show potential as novel prebiotics, as they can modulate gut microbiota by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and reducing harmful ones. The supplementation of B-FOSs resulted in a significant increase in butyric acid levels during fermentation.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Plant Sciences
Iqbal Hussain, Sunnia Afzal, Muhammad Arslan Ashraf, Rizwan Rasheed, Muhammad Hamzah Saleem, Aishah Alatawi, Farukh Ameen, Shah Fahad
Summary: The accumulation of metals or trace elements in soil poses a significant threat to food safety and agricultural ecosystems. Phytoremediation, using metal-tolerant microorganisms, is an environmentally friendly solution to improve wheat productivity in metal-polluted soils.
JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Muhammad Arslan Ashraf, Arslan Hafeez, Rizwan Rasheed, Iqbal Hussain, Umer Farooq, Muhammad Rizwan, Shafaqat Ali
Summary: Salt toxicity is a major limitation for crop growth and yield. Screening for salt-tolerant wheat cultivars is important for sustainable wheat production. In this experiment, ten wheat cultivars were evaluated for salt tolerance. Salt stress reduced growth, physiological, and biochemical traits in all cultivars. Salt-sensitive cultivars showed higher oxidative stress and higher accumulation of Na, while salt-tolerant cultivars exhibited better growth and antioxidant systems, as well as higher accumulation of osmolytes. These physiological and biochemical markers could be useful for screening salt-tolerant wheat cultivars.
JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash, Sumbal Rasheed, Kanwal Rehman, Muhammad Ibrahim, Muhammad Imran, Mohammed A. Assiri
Summary: Krupple-Like family of transcription factor-14 (KLF14) is a crucial gene involved in various biological functions and pathological mechanisms. It controls the expression of multiple genes and influences lipid metabolism, glucose regulation, insulin sensitivity, as well as cell apoptosis, proliferation, and differentiation. KLF14 has also been used as an epigenetic biomarker for estimating chronological age. Genetic variations in KLF14, especially in adipose tissues, are associated with dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance. The prevalence of these genetic polymorphisms varies among different populations due to ethnic differences and epigenetic modifications, and they can be influenced by environmental and physiological factors such as diet, age, gender, and obesity.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Francis Victor, Kanwal Rehman, Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash, Sumbal Rasheed, Muhammad Imran, Mohammed Ali Assiri
Summary: Omega-3 fatty acids are important dietary components necessary for normal growth and development. They possess therapeutic activities against various diseases but are prone to oxidation, reducing their efficacy. To overcome this problem, novel drug delivery approaches have been developed to enhance stability and maximize therapeutic potential of omega-3 fatty acids.
CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Muhammad Waqas Mazhar, Muhammad Ishtiaq, Mehwish Maqbool, Muhammad Ajaib, Iqbal Hussain, Tanveer Hussain, Abida Parveen, Sumaira Thind, Tauqeer Sardar, Raheel Akram, Muhammad Azeem, Alia Gul
Summary: The study investigated the effect of calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaONPs) and farmyard manure (FM) on the tolerance of mung bean plants to cadmium stress. Results showed that treatment with 20 mg/L CaONPs and 2% FM reduced cadmium acquisition, improved plant growth and physiological attributes. This treatment also enhanced soil nutrient content and friendly biota, leading to improved yields.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Abdullah Salah Alanazi, Sumbal Rasheed, Kanwal Rehman, Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi, Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash, Nasser Hadal Alotaibi, Abdulaziz Ibrahim Alzarea, Nida Tanveer, Yusra Habib Khan
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between KLF14 rs4731702 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and dyslipidemia in different ethnic populations. The findings suggest that individuals with the C allele of KLF14 rs4731702 exhibit compromised insulin sensitivity, decreased HDL-C and ApoA1 levels, and increased serum glucose, TG, and LDL-C concentrations in T2DM patients.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi, Momina Shahid, Kanwal Rehman, Yusra Habib Khan, Abdullah Salah Alanazi, Nasser Hadal Alotaibi, Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash, Muhammad Hammad Butt
Summary: Myocardial infarction (MI) is a cardiovascular disease caused by coronary artery blockage, leading to cardiac muscle death. The etiology of MI involves environmental, occupational, and genetic factors. Previous studies have shown that different variants of the MTHFR gene are responsible for MI by impacting folate and homocysteine metabolism. This study focuses on investigating the genetic polymorphism of MTHFR C677T (rs1801133) and its association with MI in the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) as a risk factor. The study found that the T/T homozygous genotype of MTHFR C677T (rs1801133) was significantly associated with MI in patients with DM as a risk factor.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash, Mutayyba Fatima, Kanwal Rehman, Qudsia Rehman, Zunera Chauhdary, Ahmed Nadeem, Tahir Maqbool Mir
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the disruptions of metabolic pathways induced by bisphenol A (BPA) and explore the potential therapeutic intervention provided by resveratrol (RSV) in mitigating these disruptions through the modulation of biochemical pathways. The results revealed that BPA exposure significantly increased the serum levels of various biomarkers and gene expressions associated with metabolic disorders, while RSV treatment effectively reduced these alterations and restored normal metabolic function. The findings suggest that RSV shows promise as a therapeutic intervention for BPA-induced metabolic disorders.
Article
Plant Sciences
Z. Afzaal, I. Hussain, M. A. Ashraf, S. Riaz
Summary: This study demonstrated that application of ascorbic acid and vanillic acid can improve the growth and productivity of tomato plants under lead stress by enhancing antioxidant defense, reducing lead accumulation, and improving nutrient absorption.
RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Muhammad Arslan Ashraf, Arslan Hafeez, Rizwan Rasheed, Iqbal Hussain, Umer Farooq, Muhammad Rizwan, Shafaqat Ali
Summary: The study investigated the potential remedial effects of taurine on nickel-induced stress in canola plants. The results showed that taurine seed priming protected canola plants from oxidative damage caused by nickel toxicity, enhanced antioxidant capacity, and improved plant growth.
PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Syed Muhammad Shoaib, Samina Afzal, Ali Feezan, Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash, Ahmed Nadeem, Tahir Maqbool Mir
Summary: Our study investigated the effects of arsenic-induced metabolic disorders, specifically disruptions in lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism. We also assessed the potential therapeutic effects of resveratrol as a remedy for arsenic-induced diabetes. The findings showed significant changes in glucose levels, insulin resistance, inflammatory biomarkers, and liver and kidney function in mice exposed to arsenic. Additionally, enzyme levels related to carbohydrate metabolism and oxidative stress biomarkers were reduced in the arsenic-exposed group. The study also observed alterations in gene expression related to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as decreases in certain amino acids in arsenic-exposed mice. Metabolomics analysis identified disruptions in lipid metabolomes, amino acids, and arsenic metabolites. Histopathological observations revealed significant changes in liver architecture in the arsenic-exposed group.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash, Azka Yaqoob, Kanwal Rehman, Muhammad Imran, Mohammed A. A. Assiri, Fatema Al-Rashed, Fahd Al-Mulla, Rasheed Ahmad, Sardar Sindhu
Summary: Heavy metals are highly toxic compounds found in the earth's crust. Their environmental levels are consistently rising above permissible limits, causing disruption of metabolism and altered gene or protein expression. Metabolomics, a state-of-the-art analytical tool, is used to investigate the mechanisms of metabolic impairment caused by heavy metal toxicities. It plays a key role in identifying perturbations in lipid and amino acid metabolism and oxidative stress in metabolic impairment. The applications of metabolomics in meeting emerging needs are discussed.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Komal Jabeen, Kanwal Rehman, Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash, Ahmed Nadeem, Tahir Maqbool Mir
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of metformin and vitamin E against AlCl3-induced neuroinflammation and cardiometabolic disturbances. The results showed that the combination therapy of metformin and vitamin E significantly reduced glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels and increased insulin and high-density lipoprotein levels. Moreover, the combination therapy preserved neuronal structures and normal morphology in brain, heart, and pancreatic tissues.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Muhammad Arslan Ashraf, Sobhy M. M. Ibrahim, Rizwan Rasheed, Muhammad Rizwan, Iqbal Hussain, Shafaqat Ali
Summary: Taurine has been found to regulate plant growth under stress and protect plants by enhancing the antioxidant system. The study also shows that taurine seed priming can effectively alleviate oxidative damage and enhance tolerance in plants under Cr toxicity.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Asma, Iqbal Hussain, Muhammad Yasin Ashraf, Muhammad Hamzah Saleem, Muhammad Arslan Ashraf, Baber Ali, Aisha Shereen, Ghulam Farid, Muhammad Ali, Muhammad Ubaidullah Shirazi, Ammara Saleem, Yasser S. Mostafa, Mohamed Hashem, Ghulam Yasin
Summary: Approximately 33% of arable land globally is susceptible to drought, greatly impacting the yield and productivity of cereal crops. In this study, two rice genotypes, HTT-138 (drought tolerant) and HTT-39 (drought-sensitive), were evaluated under various water treatments. The results showed reduced leaf gas exchange parameters and water use efficiency under water deficient conditions, but these effects were mitigated by foliar spray of salicylic acid. Overall, salicylic acid application enhanced plant growth and yield in cereal crops, making it a useful tool for abiotic stress environments.
TURKISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY
(2023)
