Article
Immunology
Jenna M. Kastenschmidt, Suhas Sureshchandra, Aarti Jain, Jenny E. Hernandez-Davies, Rafael de Assis, Zachary W. Wagoner, Andrew M. Sorn, Mahina Tabassum Mitul, Aviv I. Benchorin, Elizabeth Levendosky, Gurpreet Ahuja, Qiu Zhong, Douglas Trask, Jacob Boeckmann, Rie Nakajima, Algimantas Jasinskas, Naresha Saligrama, D. Huw Davies, Lisa E. Wagar
Summary: This study investigated the effects of different antigen formats on mucosal adaptive immune responses using a human tonsil organoid model. The results showed significant differences in the B and T cell responses elicited by different antigen formats, which led to changes in the corresponding antibody response. The ability of antigen formats to recruit naive and memory B and T cells to the response was identified as a major source of variability.
Review
Immunology
Yuhan Zhong, Xiao Zhong, Liangjun Qiao, Hong Wu, Chang Liu, Ting Zhang
Summary: The Z alpha domain is a compact α/β structure that specifically binds to nucleic acids with a left-handed helical conformation. It has been identified in several proteins, including ADAR1 and ZBP1, which play important roles in immune response regulation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Shuai Yang, Weishan Shen, Jiajia Hu, Sihui Cai, Chenqiu Zhang, Shouheng Jin, Xiangdong Guan, Jianfeng Wu, Yaoxing Wu, Jun Cui
Summary: Spatiotemporal separation of cellular components is crucial for biochemical processes. Membrane-bound organelles isolate intracellular components, while membraneless organelles are uncovered via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) to organize cellular processes. LLPS plays a role in viral replication and host antiviral immune responses. Understanding the roles of LLPS in virus infection may lead to new treatment strategies for viral infectious diseases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuexiu Zhang, Li-Sheng Zhang, Qing Dai, Phylip Chen, Mijia Lu, Elizabeth L. Kairis, Valarmathy Murugaiah, Jiayu Xu, Rajni Kant Shukla, Xueya Liang, Zhongyu Zou, Estelle Cormet-Boyaka, Jianming Qiu, Mark E. Peeples, Amit Sharma, Chuan He, Jianrong Li
Summary: The role of RNA m(5)C methylation in innate immunity against viruses has been explored. Depletion of NSUN2, an m(5)C methyltransferase, inhibits viral replication and gene expression through enhancing the type I interferon response. NSUN2 depletion reduces m(5)C methylation of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), leading to their upregulation and stimulating the IFN response. These findings suggest that RNA m(5)C methylation controls antiviral innate immunity.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wei Li, Hongnuan Wang, Shijun J. Zheng
Summary: Influenza virus and coronavirus are important respiratory viruses that cause serious diseases in humans and animals. Understanding the relationship between viral infection and host innate immunity is crucial for effective control strategies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yanwei Zhang, Xiaojuan Chi, Jingyun Hu, Shulin Wang, Senhong Zhao, Yanan Mao, Benqun Peng, Jilong Chen, Song Wang
Summary: Studies have shown that the long noncoding RNA LINC02574 is induced by influenza A virus (IAV) infection and plays a crucial role in inhibiting IAV replication. The expression of LINC02574 is stimulated by viral genomic RNA, poly (I:C), or interferons (IFNs) through the RIG-I-dependent interferon signaling pathway. Knockdown of LINC02574 impairs the expression of type I and type III IFNs, multiple ISGs, and the activation of STAT1 triggered by IAV infection, indicating that LINC02574 positively regulates the innate immune response.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Laura Laloli, Manon Flore Licheri, Lukas Probst, Matthias Licheri, Mitra Gultom, Melle Holwerda, Philip V'kovski, Ronald Dijkman
Summary: This study investigated the innate immune response of the respiratory epithelium to influenza virus infection in order to identify determinants involved in viral cross-species transmission. The researchers found that influenza C and D viruses primarily infect ciliated cells and that temperature has a significant impact on the replication of influenza C virus. They also identified 34 immune-related genes associated with virus infection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Takahisa Kouwaki, Tasuku Nishimura, Guanming Wang, Reiko Nakagawa, Hiroyuki Oshiumi
Summary: Post-translational modification of LGP2 fine-tunes antiviral innate immune responses by promoting late-phase expression of type I interferons, while attenuating other antiviral proteins.
Article
Immunology
Hella Pasmans, Magdalena A. Berkowska, Annieck M. Diks, Bas de Mooij, Rick J. Groenland, Lia de Rond, M. Alina Nicolaie, Sjoerd H. van der Burg, Jacques J. M. van Dongen, Fiona R. M. van der Klis, Anne-Marie Buisman
Summary: A study comparing immune responses in women vaccinated with bivalent and nonavalent HPV vaccines found consistent expansion of plasma cells and monocytes, but varied responses in other immune cells. Antibody levels and memory B and T-cell responses also differed between the two vaccine groups.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Yen-Chin Liu, Bobo Wing-Yee Mok, Pui Wang, Rei-Lin Kuo, Honglin Chen, Shin-Ru Shih
Summary: A novel mechanistic discovery shows that the host decay factor XRN1 contributes to influenza A virus replication by suppressing the host innate immune response. XRN1 facilitates viral replication through direct association with the viral NS1. The inhibitor pAp can suppress viral growth, suggesting a potential antiviral drug development target.
Review
Immunology
Piyush Dey, Akanksha Ahuja, Jaishal Panwar, Poonam Choudhary, Shital Rani, Mandeep Kaur, Akanksha Sharma, Jatinder Kaur, Ashok Kumar Yadav, Vikas Sood, Adukamparai Suresh R. Babu, Sanjay K. Bhadada, Gurpal Singh, Ravi Pratap Barnwal
Summary: The avian influenza A virus (AIV) is a naturally prevalent virus in aquatic birds, which infects various avian species and can transmit to humans. Both the H5N1 and H7N9 viruses have the potential to cause acute influenza in humans and pose a possible pandemic threat. Understanding the disease pathogenesis and the host's immune response is crucial for the development of control and prevention strategies.
Article
Cell Biology
Rui Shen, Kewei Zheng, Yu Zhou, Xiaofeng Chi, Huimin Pan, Chengfang Wu, Yinan Yang, Yonggang Zheng, Duojia Pan, Bo Liu
Summary: This study identifies the important role of RASSF in antiviral immunity in fruit flies and elucidates the signaling pathway it regulates. The study also reveals the involvement of RASSF and the STRIPAK PP2A complex in antiviral response in human cell lines.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yijie Tao, Shulei Yin, Yang Liu, Chunzhen Li, Yining Chen, Dan Han, Jingyi Huang, Sheng Xu, Zui Zou, Yizhi Yu
Summary: In this study, UFL1 was identified as a crucial regulator for maintaining the stability and antiviral function of STING. It inhibits the interaction between TRIM29 and STING, thereby reducing the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of STING. Additionally, DNA virus infection reduces the expression of UFL1, which may enhance STING degradation and viral expansion.
CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Randall Toy, M. Cole Keenum, Pallab Pradhan, Katelynn Phang, Patrick Chen, Chinwendu Chukwu, Lily Anh H. Nguyen, Jiaying Liu, Sambhav Jain, Gabrielle Kozlowski, Justin Hosten, Mehul S. Suthar, Krishnendu Roy
Summary: The study suggests that simultaneous engagement of small molecule adjuvant R848 and RNA adjuvant PUUC can induce robust cellular immune responses in both mice and human cells, enhancing the effectiveness of flu vaccines.
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Jelmer Legebeke, Jenny Lord, Rebekah Penrice-Randal, Andres F. Vallejo, Stephen Poole, Nathan J. Brendish, Xiaofeng Dong, Catherine Hartley, John W. Holloway, Jane S. Lucas, Anthony P. Williams, Gabrielle Wheway, Fabio Strazzeri, Aaron Gardner, James P. R. Schofield, Paul J. Skipp, Julian A. Hiscox, Marta E. Polak, Tristan W. Clark, Diana Baralle
Summary: This study compares the immune responses of patients with influenza and COVID-19, identifying differences and identifying genetic markers associated with COVID-19 patient prognosis. An adaptive immune response is associated with COVID-19 survival, while inflammation predicts death. Transcript markers can be used to predict the prognosis of COVID-19 patients.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Amol Patil, Darisuren Anhlan, Veronica Ferrando, Angeles Mecate-Zambrano, Alexander Mellmann, Viktor Wixler, Yvonne Boergeling, Stephan Ludwig
Summary: The phosphorylation of NS1 S205 in H1N1 virus is regulated by the cellular kinase CK2 and plays a significant role in viral replication in hosts. Phosphorylated NS1 S205 enhances viral polymerase activity by interacting efficiently with the host restriction factor DDX21, suggesting a potential target for antiviral intervention.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Christian Boeing, Christian Sandten, Eike R. Hrincius, Darisuren Anhlan, Andreas Dworog, Stephanie Hanning, Thilo Kuennemann, Christopher Niehues, Thomas Schupp, Edyta Stec, Julius Thume, Daniel Triphaus, Markus Wilkens, Holger Uphoff, Josef Zuendorf, Anja Jacobshagen, Martin Kreyenschmidt, Stephan Ludwig, Hans-Christoph Mertins, Alexander Mellmann
Summary: This study aimed to develop a simple, inexpensive, and ecological method for decontamination of disposable FFPs while preserving filtration efficiency and material integrity. The results showed that immersion in a 6% acetic acid and 6% hydrogen peroxide solution for 30 minutes completely eliminated contaminants without compromising the performance of FFPs.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Viktor Wixler, Igor Z. Zaytsev, Rafael Leite Dantas, Tanja Schied, Yvonne Boergeling, Veronika Luehrmann, Georg Varga, Doerthe Masemann, Stephan Ludwig
Summary: The restoration of immune tolerance is crucial in treating autoimmune diseases. Small splenic peptides (SSPs) have been found to convert dendritic cells (DCs) into tolerogenic cells, leading to the differentiation of naive CD4+ cells into Foxp3-expressing T regulatory cells (Tregs), and effectively suppressing the development of psoriatic arthritis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stefanie Deinhardt-Emmer, Laura Jaeckel, Clio Haering, Sarah Boettcher, Janine J. Wilden, Brigitte Glueck, Regine Heller, Michaela Schmidtke, Mirijam Koch, Bettina Loeffler, Stephan Ludwig, Christina Ehrhardt
Summary: The PI3K inhibitor Pictilisib has been identified as a potent inhibitor of IV propagation, showing reduced viral titers and inflammatory response in the lungs, making it a promising candidate for anti-IV therapies. Repurposing previously approved substances is a cost-effective and efficient way for the development of novel antiviral strategies.
Article
Immunology
Yeonsu Kim, Xiaoyan Zheng, Kathrin Eschke, M. Zeeshan Chaudhry, Federico Bertoglio, Adriana Tomic, Astrid Krmpotic, Markus Hoffmann, Yotam Bar-On, Julia Boehme, Dunja Bruder, Thomas Ebensen, Linda Brunotte, Stephan Ludwig, Martin Messerle, Carlos Guzman, Ofer Mandelboim, Michael Hust, Stefan Poehlmann, Stipan Jonjic, Luka Cicin-Sain
Summary: CMV vectors induce long-term cellular immunity and long-term immune protection against clinically relevant respiratory pathogens.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andre Schreiber, Dorothee Viemann, Jennifer Schoening, Sebastian Schloer, Angeles Mecate Zambrano, Linda Brunotte, Aileen Faist, Michael Schoefbaenker, Eike Hrincius, Helen Hoffmann, Markus Hoffmann, Stefan Poehlmann, Ursula Rescher, Oliver Planz, Stephan Ludwig
Summary: The Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway may represent a target for therapeutic intervention against SARS-CoV-2 infections, and ATR-002 shows promising potential as a candidate drug with strong antiviral activity and the ability to prevent COVID-19-associated inflammation.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Virology
M. Zeeshan Chaudhry, Kathrin Eschke, Markus Hoffmann, Martina Grashoff, Leila Abassi, Yeonsu Kim, Linda Brunotte, Stephan Ludwig, Andrea Kroeger, Frank Klawonn, Stefan H. Poehlmann, Luka Cicin-Sain
Summary: The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants with spike mutations highlights the potential for adaptation and evolution of the coronavirus, despite the stable consensus genotype of clinical isolates.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jonas Schuhenn, Toni Luise Meister, Daniel Todt, Thilo Bracht, Karin Schork, Jean-Noel Billaud, Carina Elsner, Natalie Heinen, Zehra Karakoese, Sibylle Haid, Sriram Kumar, Linda Brunotte, Martin Eisenacher, Yunyun Di, Jocelyne Lew, Darryl Falzarano, Jieliang Chen, Zhenghong Yuan, Thomas Pietschmann, Bettina Wiegmann, Hendrik Uebner, Christian Taube, Vu Thuy Khanh Le-Trilling, Mirko Trilling, Adalbert Krawczyk, Stephan Ludwig, Barbara Sitek, Eike Steinmann, Ulf Dittmer, Kerry J. Lavender, Kathrin Sutter, Stephanie Pfaender
Summary: This study found that different subtypes of IFN-alpha have varying antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, with IFN-alpha 5 showing the highest efficacy. Combination treatment with the broad antiviral drug remdesivir enhanced the antiviral effect. These findings are important for understanding the mechanism of IFN-I-mediated antiviral response and developing treatments for COVID-19.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Yotam Menuchin-Lasowski, Andre Schreiber, Aaron Lecanda, Angeles Mecate-Zambrano, Linda Brunotte, Olympia E. Psathaki, Stephan Ludwig, Thomas Rauen, Hans R. Schoeler
Summary: Several studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 can infect and replicate in retinal cells, inducing inflammatory responses and relying on ACE2 for infection. Therefore, it is important to monitor the potential effects of COVID-19 on the retina.
Article
Respiratory System
Katja Hoenzke, Benedikt Obermayer, Christin Mache, Diana Fathykova, Mirjana Kessler, Simon Doekel, Emanuel Wyler, Morris Baumgardt, Anna Loewa, Karen Hoffmann, Patrick Graff, Jessica Schulze, Maren Mieth, Katharina Hellwig, Zeynep Demir, Barbara Biere, Linda Brunotte, Angeles Mecate-Zambrano, Judith Bushe, Melanie Dohmen, Christian Hinze, Sefer Elezkurtaj, Mario Toennies, Torsten T. Bauer, Stephan Eggeling, Hong-Linh Tran, Paul Schneider, Jens Neudecker, Jens C. Rueckert, Kai M. Schmidt-Ott, Jonas Busch, Frederick Klauschen, David Horst, Helena Radbruch, Josefine Radke, Frank Heppner, Victor M. Corman, Daniela Niemeyer, Marcel A. Mueller, Christine Goffinet, Ronja Mothes, Anna Pascual-Reguant, Anja Erika Hauser, Dieter Beule, Markus Landthaler, Stephan Ludwig, Norbert Suttorp, Martin Witzenrath, Achim D. Gruber, Christian Drosten, Leif-Erik Sander, Thorsten Wolff, Stefan Hippenstiel, Andreas C. Hocke
Summary: This study reveals that severe lung injury in COVID-19 may result from macrophage-triggered immune activation rather than direct viral damage to the alveolar compartment.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Aileen Faist, Josua Janowski, Sriram Kumar, Saskia Hinse, Duygu Merve Caliskan, Julius Lange, Stephan Ludwig, Linda Brunotte
Summary: Respiratory infections with newly emerging zoonotic viruses can cause severe disease and high mortality by perturbing the human immune responses. This review discusses the similarities and differences between SARS-CoV-2 and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in terms of immune induction, disease dynamics, and long-term sequelae. It also highlights important lessons about the effectiveness of antiviral and immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies learned from this pandemic.
Article
Immunology
Sebastian Schloer, Daniel Treuherz, Aileen Faist, Marlous de Witt, Katharina Wunderlich, Rainer Wiewrodt, Karsten Wiebe, Peter Barth, Joo-Hee Waelzlein, Susann Kummer, Anne Balkema-Buschmann, Stephan Ludwig, Linda Brunotte, Ursula Rescher
Summary: In order to study the viral life cycle, describe the pathophysiological consequences of viral infection, and explore possible drug targets and treatment options, it is necessary to establish physiologically relevant models. This study established a murine lung tissue explant platform for studying influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2. The platform demonstrated efficient viral replication, release of inflammatory cytokines, and induction of antiviral interferon response.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Andre Schreiber, Benjamin Ambrosy, Oliver Planz, Sebastian Schloer, Ursula Rescher, Stephan Ludwig
Summary: In this study, researchers found that the MEK1/2 inhibitor ATR-002 can synergistically enhance the effect of direct-acting antivirals against SARS-CoV-2, reducing the effective concentrations of the drugs and minimizing side effects.
Article
Virology
Stephan Ludwig, Stephan Pleschka, Oliver Planz
Summary: Acute hyperinflammatory virus infections, such as influenza or coronavirus disease-19, are still a major health burden worldwide. Direct-acting antivirals may induce viral resistance, while a host-targeted strategy using inhibitors of the cellular Raf/MEK/ERK kinase cascade shows potential in blocking virus replication and suppressing cytokine response. The MEK inhibitor Zapnometinib has shown evidence of clinical benefit in a phase-II clinical trial.
CURRENT OPINION IN VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Matthias Rohrbeck, Verena Hoerr, Ilaria Piccini, Boris Greber, Jan Sebastian Schulte, Sara-Sophie Huebner, Elena Jeworutzki, Carsten Theiss, Veronika Matschke, Joerg Stypmann, Andreas Unger, Huyen Tran Ho, Paul Disse, Nathalie Strutz-Seebohm, Cornelius Faber, Frank Ulrich Mueller, Stephan Ludwig, Ursula Rescher, Wolfgang A. A. Linke, Karin Klingel, Karin Busch, Stefan Peischard, Guiscard Seebohm
Summary: Using a transgenic mouse strain (TG) containing a CVB3 Delta VP0 genome, we have revealed virus-mediated cardiac pathophysiological processes in vivo and in vitro. Transgenic mice showed significant alterations in cardiac function, pathologic ECG alterations, calcium homeostasis, intracellular organization, and gene expression. The results also suggest that mitochondrial impairment may contribute to cardiac contractile dysfunction.
