Review
Immunology
Yinxi Zhou, Jinghua Xia, Shuonan Xu, Tao She, Yanning Zhang, Ying Sun, Miaomiao Wen, Tao Jiang, Yanlu Xiong, Jie Lei
Summary: The development and growth of tumors pose a significant and ongoing threat to human life globally. Despite the remarkable progress achieved by advanced therapeutic strategies such as immune checkpoint therapy and CAR-T in treating solid and hematological malignancies, the malignant initiation and progression of cancer remains controversial and requires further research. Experimental animal models not only have great advantages in simulating tumor occurrence, development, and malignant transformation mechanisms, but also can be used to evaluate the therapeutic effects of diverse clinical interventions, gradually becoming indispensable in cancer research. This paper reviews recent research progress in mouse and rat models, focusing on spontaneous, induced, transgenic, and transplantable tumor models, aiming to provide guidance for future studies on malignant mechanisms and tumor prevention.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Iqra Ilyas, Peter J. Little, Zhiping Liu, Yanyong Xu, Danielle Kamato, Bradford C. Berk, Jianping Weng, Suowen Xu
Summary: This article reviews the current use and translational potential of mouse models in atherosclerosis research and drug discovery. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a chronic and progressive metabolic and inflammatory disease that causes premature human mortality. Despite promising preclinical studies, many drug candidates have not been translated to clinical use due to the complex disease mechanisms involved.
TRENDS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Ana Rita Castro, Carlos Portinha, Elsa Logarinho
Summary: Researchers are aware of the differences between mouse models and human hair follicles, which limits the translation of research findings. Therefore, using human cell bioengineered models and artificial intelligence is proposed as a future course of action.
STEM CELLS TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Veronika Wess, Paula Schuster-Winkelmann, Yasemin Hazal Karatekin, Simge Malik, Florian Beigel, Florian Kuehn, Roswitha Gropp
Summary: Animal models, such as NSG-UC and NSG-CD mice, can partially mimic the pathologies of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) in humans. NSG-UC mice exhibit a strong inflammatory response when challenged with ethanol, while NSG-CD mice develop pathological manifestations without challenge.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Thomas Grewal, Carles Rentero, Carlos Enrich, Mohamed Wahba, Carsten A. Raabe, Ursula Rescher
Summary: Routine manipulation of the mouse genome has become a landmark in biomedical research, allowing for investigation of traits associated with advanced developmental stages. The annexins, a family of calcium- and lipid-binding proteins, have been extensively studied in cellular functions, with recent research on genetically modified annexin mouse models revealing striking phenotypes under stress conditions mimicking human disease. This comprehensive review emphasizes the exciting potential of using animal models in annexin-related research for relevant issues in biology and experimental medicine.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Lorena Landuzzi, Francesca Ruzzi, Pier-Luigi Lollini, Katia Scotlandi
Summary: Synovial sarcoma is a rare malignant tumor characterized by t(X;18) translocation encoding the SS18-SSX fusion gene, which interacts with BAF enhancer and polycomb repressor complexes to regulate gene transcription. Different experimental in vivo models for synovial sarcoma research include transgenic mouse models, patient-derived xenografts, and cell lines. These models have contributed to identifying vulnerabilities and developing new therapies for synovial sarcoma.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Danielle Kamato, Iqra Ilyas, Suowen Xu, Peter J. Little
Summary: Cardiovascular disease, primarily caused by atherosclerosis, is the leading cause of disease-related mortality worldwide. Current therapeutic agents have limited efficacy in lowering plasma lipid levels and reducing deaths from cardiovascular disease. Suitable animal models that accurately reproduce human atherosclerosis are essential for pre-clinical research on novel cardiovascular drugs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Justin Choi, Nishadh Sutaria, Youkyung Sophie Roh, Zachary Bordeaux, Martin P. Alphonse, Shawn G. Kwatra, Madan M. Kwatra
Summary: The complexity of atopic dermatitis poses a challenge in selecting an appropriate mouse model, as no single model can fully replicate all aspects of the human condition. Recent evidence has identified distinct endotypes of AD, characterized by unique patterns of inflammation involving Th1, Th2, Th17, and Th22 axes. While all AD mouse models consistently show Th2 inflammation, only some also exhibit Th17 and/or Th22 induction, highlighting the need for a closer evaluation of their immunological signature to enhance their relevance to human AD.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Reilly R. Kayser, Margaret Haney, Helen Blair Simpson
Summary: Support for using cannabis as a psychiatric treatment is limited by lack of evidence from rigorous studies; addiction researchers have experience studying cannabis use in human laboratory models despite regulatory hurdles; focus is on applying human laboratory models to study cannabis effects in patients with anxiety and related disorders.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Jane Chuprin, Hannah Buettner, Mina O. Seedhom, Dale L. Greiner, James G. Keck, Fumihiko Ishikawa, Leonard D. Shultz, Michael A. Brehm
Summary: Immunotherapy has shown promise in treating various cancers, but there is still much to learn about its mechanisms of action and biomarkers of response. Humanized mice, which are mice engrafted with human tumors and immune components, offer several advantages for immuno-oncology research. This Review discusses the benefits and challenges of humanized mice and highlights the latest advances in their generation for potential clinical translation.
NATURE REVIEWS CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
John Loughlin
Summary: The ultimate goal of molecular genetic studies of human diseases is to benefit patients through translation of discoveries. The lack of licensed disease-modifying therapies for diseases like osteoarthritis (OA) creates an urgent need. OA is a polygenic disease that primarily affects older individuals, and recent genome-wide studies have identified 52 novel association signals. Many of these signals involve effector genes that encode proteins targeted by drugs for other indications, indicating potential repurposing opportunities. This article discusses the potential for translating OA genetic data and whether the developmental origin of OA may limit its use for disease modification.
TRENDS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Francesca Perrone, Matthias Zilbauer
Summary: The development of human organoid culture models offers opportunities for generating three-dimensional miniature organs that mimic in vivo conditions, contributing to drug discovery and personalized treatment. However, establishing a living organoid biobank requires greater coordination, resources, and expertise compared to traditional tissue repositories, facing various challenges and complexities.
EXPERIMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sherri Dudal, Caterina Bissantz, Antonello Caruso, Pascale David-Pierson, Wouter Driessen, Erich Koller, Ben-Fillippo Krippendorff, Martin Lechmann, Andres Olivares-Morales, Axel Paehler, Caroline Rynn, Dietrich Turck, Arthur Van De Vyver, Ken Wang, Lotte Winther
Summary: In vitro and in vivo models are widely used in pharmacological research, but understanding their translational relevance and limitations is crucial for selecting appropriate disease models and predicting clinically effective drug doses. This review examines animal models used in ophthalmology, infectious diseases, oncology, autoimmune diseases, and neuroscience, highlighting challenges and the potential of personalized dosing strategies.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wiebke Winkler, Carlota Farre Diaz, Eric Blanc, Hanna Napieczynska, Patrick Langner, Marvin Werner, Barbara Walter, Brigitte Wollert-Wulf, Tomoharu Yasuda, Arnd Heuser, Dieter Beule, Stephan Mathas, Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, Andreas Rosenwald, Klaus Rajewsky, Martin Janz
Summary: By targeting the expression of genes involved in MM subgroup-specific chromosomal translocations into mouse GC B cells, we have generated distinct MM-like disease models that recapitulate key features of human tumors, which provides insights into the pathogenesis and therapeutic vulnerabilities of different MM subgroups.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Elisa Mohr, Thomas Thum, Christian Baer
Summary: In vitro modeling of the heart is a challenging task in cardiovascular research. Three-dimensional cultivation methods have emerged as a solution to overcome the limitations of traditional two-dimensional cultivation. These methods aim to study the fundamental features of the heart and have great potential in disease research, drug screening, and regenerative therapy. However, there is a need for continuous improvement and adaptation to address limitations such as cardiomyocyte maturation and vascularization.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE
(2022)
