Review
Oncology
Janina Janetzko, Sebastian Oeck, Alexander Schramm
Summary: Lamins, as nuclear proteins, were previously thought to primarily have structural functions. However, recent reports suggest that they also play a broader role in cancer development and progression. These reports indicate that changes in lamin subtype composition can affect various cell processes, such as cellular stiffness and chromatin condensation, which have implications for cancer metastasis. Additionally, studies suggest that cancer cells can manipulate lamin functions to modify chromatin accessibility, cell cycle regulation, and DNA damage response. This comprehensive overview focuses on the role of lamins in lung cancer and the DNA damage response, providing insights into their sometimes-conflicting functions in cancer.
Review
Oncology
Paulina Tokarz, Katarzyna Wozniak
Summary: SUMOylation is a reversible post-translational modification involving the covalent attachment of small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) proteins to substrate proteins. SENPs are cysteine proteases with isopeptidase activity that facilitate the de-conjugation of SUMO proteins. Aberrant expression of SENPs is associated with cancer development and progression. The design and development of SENP inhibitors, including synthetic, peptide-based, small molecular weight, and naturally occurring compounds, have shown promise in anticancer treatment.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Delisa E. Clay, Donald T. Fox
Summary: Genome damage is a common threat to all organisms, and DNA damage responses (DDRs) play a crucial role in initiating cell cycle arrest, repair, and cell death. While many DDR components are conserved across different organisms, there are also adaptations to specific needs. Research on model genetic organisms has greatly advanced our understanding of DDR mechanisms and how they are influenced by the cell cycle stage. Future studies expanding beyond traditional model organisms will further enhance our knowledge of genome protection mechanisms.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuichiro Iwai, Ayano Iijima, Satoko Kise, Chika Nagao, Yuto Senda, Kana Yabu, Hiroki Mano, Miyu Nishikawa, Shinichi Ikushiro, Kaori Yasuda, Toshiyuki Sakaki
Summary: Vitamin D and VDR play critical roles in maintaining calcium homeostasis, bone formation, and immune response against cancer. Mutations in the VDR gene are associated with manifestations of type II rickets and abnormal bone formation. The unliganded VDR is crucial for maintaining the hair cycle and normal skin.
Article
Oncology
Lifang Pan, Qiong Wu, Yuqing Wang, Shenglin Ma, Shirong Zhang
Summary: This study aimed to establish and explore the biological characteristics of radioresistant LUSC cells. Radioresistant cells showed decreased radiosensitivity, enhanced DNA damage repair ability, and regulated double strands break through the ATM/CHK2 and DNA-PKcs/Ku70 pathways. Proteomics analysis revealed that differential genes in radioresistant cells were mainly enriched in biological pathways such as cell migration and ECM-receptor interaction.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Josephine Yu, Preeti Sharma, Christian M. Girgis, Jenny E. Gunton
Summary: The prevalence of type 1 diabetes is rising steadily and vitamin D may contribute to this increase. This systematic review examined studies on vitamin D and type 1 diabetes, finding strong associations between low vitamin D levels and type 1 diabetes. Animal studies and human trials also suggest that vitamin D treatment or supplementation can be beneficial in reducing the risk of type 1 diabetes. Maintaining optimal circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels may help to prevent or delay the development of type 1 diabetes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Wenfeng Gou, Xiaojun Yu, Shaohua Wu, Hongying Wu, Huajie Chang, Leyuan Chen, Huiqiang Wei, Changfen Bi, Hongxin Ning, Yingliang Wu, Wenbin Hou, Daiying Zuo, Yiliang Li
Summary: This study investigated the impact of AND-1 on the radiosensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and found that AND-1 inhibition significantly increased the radiosensitivity of NSCLC cells, likely by regulating the cell cycle and enhancing DNA damage.
Article
Oncology
Senthil Renganathan, Subrata Pramanik, Rajasekaran Ekambaram, Arne Kutzner, Pok-Son Kim, Klaus Heese
Summary: Key factors contributing to tumorigenesis were analyzed through molecular modeling, with withaferin B identified as a lead molecule capable of disrupting the FAM72A-UNG2 interaction, potentially opening up new therapeutic avenues for cancer treatment.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aneliya Ivanova, Aleksandar Atemin, Sonya Uzunova, Georgi Danovski, Radoslav Aleksandrov, Stoyno Stoynov, Marina Nedelcheva-Veleva
Summary: Cells have evolved mechanisms to regulate DNA replication and cell cycles in response to DNA damage and replication stress. The absence of Dia2 prolongs the cell cycle, increases cell size, and activates the S-phase checkpoint.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Karina Piatek, Andrzej Kutner, Dan Cacsire Castillo-Tong, Teresa Manhardt, Nadja Kupper, Urszula Nowak, Michal Chodynski, Ewa Marcinkowska, Enikoe Kallay, Martin Schepelmann
Summary: This study found that newly developed low calcemic vitamin D analogs (an1,25Ds) can be used as anticancer agents in ovarian cancer cells, with PRI-5202 showing the best efficacy. The potency of these analogs and their ability to increase CYP24A1 expression in HGSOC cell lines were dependent on the cell line and chemical structure, suggesting that further optimization of the analogs' structure may lead to new treatment options for ovarian cancer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biology
Karina Gutierrez, Werner G. Glanzner, Mariana P. de Macedo, Vitor B. Rissi, Naomi Dicks, Rodrigo C. Bohrer, Hernan Baldassarre, Luis B. Agellon, Vilceu Bordignon
Summary: This study evaluated the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in fertilized embryos and found that early-stage injection and inhibition of the homologous recombination repair pathway can improve gene editing efficiency and embryo survival rate.
Editorial Material
Plant Sciences
Moira Rodriguez, Ana Martinez-Hottovy, Alan C. Christensen
Summary: Plant mtDNA can be repaired through homologous recombination, and mitochondrial interactions may influence genetic behavior.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Jacob L. Steenwyk
Summary: Cell cycle checkpoints and DNA repair pathways are crucial for maintaining genome integrity, but recent studies have revealed evolutionary diversity in eukaryotic DNA damage responses, with some fungi showing reduced activation of key kinases and downregulation of genome maintenance genes in response to DNA damage.
Article
Immunology
Fatima A. H. Al-Jaberi, Martin Kongsbak-Wismann, Alejandro Aguayo-Orozco, Nicolai Krogh, Terkild B. Buus, Daniel V. Lopez, Anna K. O. Rode, Eva Gravesen, Klaus Olgaard, Soren Brunak, Anders Woetmann, Niels odum, Charlotte M. Bonefeld, Carsten Geisler
Summary: This study reveals the impact of a point mutation in the DNA-binding domain of VDR on 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 signaling, with effects on VDR subcellular localization and transcriptional activity. The study also demonstrates that the expression level of wild-type VDR determines the responsiveness of T cells to 1,25(OH)(2)D-3. Additionally, the study shows that vitamin A inhibits the translocation of VDR to the nucleus and upregulation of CYP24A1 induced by 1,25(OH)(2)D-3.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Romain Tropee, Barbara de la Pena Avalos, Madeline Gough, Cameron Snell, Pascal H. G. Duijf, Eloise Dray
Summary: Chromatin remodeling factor SMARCD3 plays a crucial role in regulating cell proliferation and DNA damage repair. Lower SMARCD3 expression results in decreased cell proliferation rates, cell cycle progression failure, and accumulation of DNA damage, which may contribute to poor survival outcomes in hormone-positive breast cancer patients. SMARCD3 could serve as a potential tumor suppressor and a prognostic biomarker for breast cancer.
BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Susana Gonzalo, Joel C. Eissenberg
CURRENT OPINION IN GENETICS & DEVELOPMENT
(2016)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Denisse Carvajal-Maldonado, Andrea K. Byrum, Jessica Jackson, Sarah Wessel, Delphine Lemacon, Laure Guitton-Sert, Annabel Quinet, Stephanie Tirman, Simona Graziano, Jean-Yves Masson, David Cortez, Susana Gonzalo, Nima Mosammaparast, Alessandro Vindigni
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2019)
Article
Cell Biology
Ray Kreienkamp, Simona Graziano, Nuria Coll-Bonfill, Gonzalo Bedia-Diaz, Emily Cybulla, Alessandro Vindigni, Dale Dorsett, Nard Kubben, Luis Francisco Zirnberger Batista, Susana Gonzalo
Article
Cell Biology
Simona Graziano, Ray Kreienkamp, Nuria Coll-Bonfill, Susana Gonzalo
Article
Cell Biology
Simona Graziano, Ray Kreienkamp, Nuria Coll-Bonfill, Susana Gonzalo
Article
Cell Biology
Ray Kreienkamp, Cyrielle Billon, Gonzalo Bedia-Diaz, Carolyn J. Albert, Zacharie Toth, Andrew A. Butler, Sara McBride-Gagyi, David A. Ford, Angel Baldan, Thomas P. Burris, Susana Gonzalo
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Susana Gonzalo, Nuria Coll-Bonfill
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Nuria Coll-Bonfill, Rafael Cancado de Faria, Sweta Bhoopatiraju, Susana Gonzalo
Review
Cell Biology
Ray Kreienkamp, Susana Gonzalo
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Physical
Joel C. Eissenberg, Susana Gonzalo
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Simona Graziano, Nuria Coll-Bonfill, Barbara Teodoro-Castro, Sahiti Kuppa, Jessica Jackson, Elena Shashkova, Urvashi Mahajan, Alessandro Vindigni, Edwin Antony, Susana Gonzalo
Summary: Lamin A/C plays a crucial role in DNA replication by binding to nascent DNA and recruiting replication fork protective factors. Depletion of Lamin A/C leads to replication fork instability, characterized by degradation of nascent DNA, DNA damage, and sensitivity to replication inhibitors. This instability is rescued by exogenous overexpression of RPA or RAD51, emphasizing the importance of Lamin A/C in maintaining genome stability.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Nuria Coll-Bonfill, Urvashi Mahajan, Elena V. V. Shashkova, Chien-Jung Lin, Robert P. P. Mecham, Susana Gonzalo
Summary: Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome is caused by a gene mutation that produces a truncated protein called progerin, which leads to premature aging and cellular toxicity. Accumulation of progerin in blood vessels, particularly in vascular smooth muscle cells, contributes to vessel stiffening and atherosclerosis in HGPS patients. The mechanisms by which progerin causes VSMC loss and vessel alterations are not well understood.
Article
Cell Biology
Stephen E. Wilkie, Diana E. Marcu, Roderick N. Carter, Nicholas M. Morton, Susana Gonzalo, Colin Selman
Summary: Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare disease characterized by accelerated aging, and current treatments are limited. This study investigated the role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in HGPS and found that HGPS mice had reduced H2S production capacity in the liver and increased mRNA transcripts associated with H2S production enzymes. However, H2S levels and enzyme activity were partially rescued in HGPS mice fed a high-fat diet. These findings suggest that regulating H2S through diet or pharmacology may be a potential therapeutic strategy for HGPS.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Simona Graziano, Susana Gonzalo
BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
(2017)
Review
Cell Biology
Susana Gonzalo, Ray Kreienkamp, Peter Askjaer
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2017)