Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Leon E. Niezen, Jordy D. Kruijswijk, Gerben B. van Henten, Bob W. J. Pirok, Bastiaan B. P. Staal, Wolfgang Radke, Harry J. A. Philipsen, Govert W. Somsen, Peter J. Schoenmakers
Summary: The properties of a polymeric material are affected by its molecular distributions, such as molecular-weight (MWD), chemical-composition (CCD), and block-length (BLD) distributions. Gradient elution liquid chromatography (LC) is commonly used to determine the CCD. In this study, the potential of gradient size-exclusion chromatography (gSEC) for CCD analysis was explored and compared with conventional gradient-elution reversed-phase LC. The influence of mobile-phase composition, stationary-phase particle pore size, and column temperature was investigated.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Krzysztof Buksa, Magdalena Kowalczyk, Jakub Boreczek
Summary: This study found that the use of exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by newly isolated lactic acid bacteria strains can limit the formation of high molecular weight resistant starch in wheat starch pastes. These EPS can be efficiently produced in sourdough, improving the properties of sourdough bread.
Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Paul Jusner, Florian Bausch, Sonja Schiehser, Elisabeth Schwaiger, Antje Potthast, Thomas Rosenau
Summary: Oil-immersed paper insulation and paper pressboards are widely used in electrical power transformers, but their long-term integrity is challenged by high temperatures and extended service life. This study used advanced methods to characterize thermally stressed unbleached Kraft paper samples, investigating the molar mass distributions, conformation changes, and thermally induced cross-linking of paper polymers. Fluorescence labeling enabled tracking of changes in molar mass-dependent profiles of carbonyl and carboxyl groups over time, and quantification of hemicellulose composition changes.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Iro Konstantina Ventouri, Wayne Chang, Florian Meier, Roland Drexel, Govert W. Somsen, Peter J. Schoenmakers, Bart de Spiegeleer, Rob Haselberg, Alina Astefanei
Summary: We developed an online analytical platform combining asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) with native mass spectrometry (nMS) for studying labile higher-order structures (HOS) of protein biotherapeutics. The platform also utilizes UV absorbance, multi-angle light scattering (MALS), and differential refractive-index (UV-MALS-dRI) detectors. We studied the stability and dissociation pathways of the tetrameric biotherapeutic enzyme L-asparaginase (ASNase) and found the presence of intact octamers and degradation products using AF4-MALS/nMS. Exposure of ASNase to high pH disrupted the equilibrium between non-covalent species and led to HOS dissociation. The developed platform provides valuable insights for aggregation and stability studies of protein biopharmaceuticals.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Mohamed Yahia, Ola Sundman
Summary: A new cellulose ether VC, which is easier to melt than benzyl cellulose, was synthesized from the lignin degradation product veratryl alcohol. VC showed a gradual softening from approximately 110 degrees C and can be dissolved in specific solvents.
Article
Polymer Science
Tereza Jurczykova, Frantisek Kacik, Iveta Cabalova, Katerina Hajkova
Summary: This study evaluates the effect of using inorganic chemicals as the main components of waterborne wood preservative systems on the degradation of cellulose in wood. It shows that the polymeric properties of cellulose and the homogeneity of the degradation process reflect the degree of cellulose deterioration. The results suggest that borates, NaCl, and ZnSO4 center dot 7H(2)O have the lowest degradation rate, while sulphates containing NH4+, Cu2+, and Fe3+ cations cause significant depolymerization.
Article
Polymer Science
Jasna Malesic, Ida Krasevec, Irena Kralj Cigic
Summary: By utilizing sodium chlorite/acetic acid pretreatment, this study successfully determined the average degree of polymerization of cellulose in groundwood papers, further confirming the applicability of viscometry in historical papers with high lignin content.
Review
Virology
Hussein Kaddour, Malik Tranquille, Chioma M. Okeoma
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membranous particles that carry and transport bioactive cargoes to recipient cells, playing important roles in physiological and pathophysiological processes. Efficient protocols for EV separation are currently lacking, but SEC-based methods show promise and future development of PPLC system for improved separation is suggested.
Article
Polymer Science
Simoni Da Ros, Abil E. Aliev, Isabella del Gaudio, Rose King, Anna Pokorska, Mark Kearney, Katherine Curran
Summary: This study presents a new method using high-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-1 NMR) to investigate plasticiser loss and deacetylation degradation processes in historic plasticised cellulose acetate artefacts. The proposed methods allow for simple and fast quantification of plasticiser content and degree of substitution without the need for extractive separation.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Wenyu Sun, Huiyun Qiu, Haibo You, Ben Chen, Liqun Fang, Junqing Qian, Shengqiang Tong
Summary: Nine types of hydroxypropyl- ,B-cyclodextrin with different degrees and distributions of substitution were synthesized to study their effect on enantioseparation factor. The results showed that the degree and distribution of substitution significantly influenced enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction and enantioseparation by countercurrent chromatography. Increasing the degree and distribution of substitution at the C-2 position for hydroxypropyl- ,B-cyclodextrin led to an increasing enantioseparation factor for most racemates tested. The optimal enantioseparation factor for 2-phenylbutyric acid, tropic acid, 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid, 2-(4-hydroxylphenyl) propanoic acid, and naproxen was increased to 1.77, 1.53, 1.67, 1.61, and 1.75, respectively.
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jennifer J. Labisch, G. Philip Wiese, Karl Pflanz, John Linkhorst
Summary: This study explored the purification performance of different pore size membranes as stationary phases for lentiviral vectors (LVs) in steric exclusion chromatography (SXC). The results showed that LVs were captured on the first membrane layer for a pore size up to 2.2 μm, and for a pore size larger than 2.2 μm, LVs were also partly found on the second and third membrane layers. Furthermore, increasing membrane pore size required a higher PEG concentration to achieve comparable LV recoveries.
Article
Polymer Science
Pieter-Jan Voorter, Manfred Wagner, Christine Rosenauer, Jinhuo Dai, Priya Subramanian, Alasdair Mckay, Neil R. Cameron, Jasper J. Michels, Tanja Junkers
Summary: Diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) is a solvent-independent method for molecular weight calibration with low lab variability. It has been used for data calibration in different solvents and confirmed the inter-laboratory and inter-polymer consistency. It can also determine the molecular weight of polymers with added complexity.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Markus Matz, Carlo Botha, Timo Beskers, Manfred Wilhelm
Summary: Methods to increase sensitivity are important in research. In this study, a continuous injection method with a sinusoidal analyte concentration profile was developed to enhance sensitivity in HPLC. The proposed method was established and evaluated for SEC, and the phase angle shift was utilized for molecular weight determination.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Rene Burger, Jessica Rumpf, Xuan Tung Do, Yulia B. Monakhova, Bernd W. K. Diehl, Matthias Rehahn, Margit Schulze
Summary: This study demonstrates that the use of H-1 NMR and DOSY NMR data combined with multivariate regression methods can successfully determine the molecular weight and polydispersity of lignins. The prediction errors for the validation samples were consistent with the results from the models, indicating the potential of NMR measurements combined with multivariate regression methods as an alternative to more time-consuming methods like gel permeation chromatography.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Tadatomo Kawai, Shizuka Ukita, Shu Shimamoto
Summary: A gradient polymer elution chromatography (GPEC) method was developed to separate cellulose acetate (CA) with different degrees of substitution (DS). The method successfully separated samples with different DS values and observed slight molar mass effects for low DS samples and a sharp peak for high DS samples.
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Xingran Kou, Dongdong Su, Fei Pan, Xiwei Xu, Qingran Meng, Qinfei Ke
Summary: This review provides a systematic discussion of the application of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in aroma compounds (ACs)/cyclodextrins (CDs) inclusion complexes (ICs). It covers the establishment of the simulation process, parameter selection, model evaluation, and various application cases, summarizing the major achievements and challenges of this method.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Haoyu Yu, Quanbin Zhang, Ammad Ahmad Farooqi, Jing Wang, Yang Yue, Lihua Geng, Ning Wu
Summary: Brown algae are rich in fucoidan, which has been found to have anti-cancer and anti-metastasis effects. Fucoidan inhibits tumor cell growth, proliferation, and metastasis, and also promotes immune responses in the tumor microenvironment.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Liang Dong, Yanan Li, Hailin Cong, Bing Yu, Youqing Shen
Summary: Gene therapy is a revolutionary treatment that requires suitable vectors for protecting and releasing exogenous nucleic acids in target cells. Chitosan, as a non-viral vector, has gained attention due to its good biocompatibility and ability to load large amounts of nucleic acids. This paper summarizes the potential of chitosan and its derivatives as gene delivery vector materials, discusses factors influencing transfection efficiency, performance evaluation, ways to optimize infectious efficiency, and current research development directions. It also provides an outlook on the future prospects of chitosan.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Ana Iglesias-Mejuto, Beatriz Magarinos, Tania Ferreira-Goncalves, Ricardo Starbird-Perez, Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo, Catarina Pinto Reis, Ines Ardao, Carlos A. Garcia-Gonzalez
Summary: This study developed a novel processing strategy to manufacture drug-loaded and personalized aerogels with nanostructures. The aerogels demonstrated bioactivity and antimicrobial effects, promoting bone regeneration and preventing infections in bone tissue engineering.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Zhenxu Shi, Dimei Yang, Yan Zhou, Xinyu Chen, Lin Gan, Jin Huang
Summary: This study proposes a micro-assembly method to improve the photoluminescent properties of crystalline cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) by organizing them within a sub-micrometer-sized metal-organic framework and coating with TiO2. The TiO2 coating prevents CNC assembly breakdown and allows information to be revealed using screenprinted labels for anti-counterfeiting purposes.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Xuejiao Liu, Bin Fu, Jierong Chen, Zhenyu Sun, Dongdong Zheng, Zhonghua Li, Bing Gu, Ying Zhang, Haojie Lu
Summary: Liver disease is a major cause of global mortality, and identifying biomarkers for diagnosing its progression is crucial for improving outcomes. Targeted mass spectrometry is a powerful tool for verifying biomarker candidates and clinical applications, particularly for glycoproteins translation. However, the limitation of analyzing only one sample per run has become apparent. In this study, a high-throughput intact N-glycopeptides quantification strategy was developed, allowing the validation of 20 samples per run with an average analysis time of 3 minutes per sample. The strategy was applied in a cohort of 461 serum samples and identified a panel of 10 IgG N-glycopeptides that have strong clinical utility in evaluating the severity of liver disease.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Qian Wang, Hao Jiang, Hongli Zhang, Weiqiao Lu, Xiao Wang, Wenfeng Xu, Jia Li, Youjing Lv, Guoyun Li, Chao Cai, Guangli Yu
Summary: This study proposes a novel strategy of antibody-beta-glucan conjugates (AGC) to enhance the antitumor immune response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. AGC demonstrated powerful tumor suppression and promoted interaction between tumor cells and dendritic cells (DCs), thereby enhancing immunotherapeutic benefits.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Chaeyeon Lee, Sojeong Lee, Sang Wook Kang
Summary: The study aims to enhance the properties of porous membranes by addressing the limitations associated with phase separation. By using cellulose acetate and citric acid, the researchers were able to fabricate membranes with improved mechanical strength and thermal stability. The cross-linking effect of citric acid resulted in a more uniform pore structure and higher porosity.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Tejaswini Kolipaka, Giriraj Pandey, Noella Abraham, Dadi A. Srinivasarao, Rajeev Singh Raghuvanshi, P. S. Rajinikanth, Vidya Tickoo, Saurabh Srivastava
Summary: This review focuses on the design and application of polysaccharide-based hydrogel wound dressings, highlighting aspects such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, drug entrapment, moisturizing ability, swelling, and mechanical properties. Additionally, various crosslinking methods and recent developments in stimuli-responsive hydrogels are discussed.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Anqi Xu, Nan Zhang, Shixing Su, Hongyu Shi, Daoqiang Lu, Xifeng Li, Xin Zhang, Xin Feng, Zhuohua Wen, Gengwu Ma, Mengshi Huang, Chi Huang, Yuqi Hu, Hao Yuan, Qinwen Liu, Daogang Guan, Jun Wang, Chuanzhi Duan
Summary: The study presents a one-pot radical polymerization method to fabricate a hydrogel with adhesive properties, which can effectively treat bacterial-infected diabetic wounds and accelerate wound healing.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Montarop Yamabhai, Munthipha Khamphio, Thae Thae Min, Chai Noy Soem, Nguyen Cao Cuong, Waheni Rizki Aprilia, Krisanai Luesukprasert, Karsidete Teeranitayatarn, Atthaphon Maneedaeng, Tina R. Tuveng, Silje B. Lorentzen, Simen Antonsen, Paiboon Jitprasertwong, Vincent G. H. Eijsink
Summary: The study investigates the bioconversion of chitosan into soluble anti-inflammatory chitosan oligosaccharides (CHOS) using an enzyme. The results show that the generated CHOS have anti-inflammatory activity, but the magnitude of the activity depends on the substrate and production process. Different methods of dissolving chitosan also affect the properties of CHOS. The study highlights the importance of quality assurance in CHOS preparations.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Wen Cao, Jiangping Wu, Xinya Zhao, Zixu Li, Jie Yu, Taili Shao, Xuefeng Hou, Lutan Zhou, Chunfei Wang, Guodong Wang, Jun Han
Summary: In this study, a water-soluble polysaccharide (PLP1) was successfully isolated and purified from Pueraria lobata. It was found that PLP1 was composed of specific glycosidic units and exhibited a better free radical-scavenging ability. Moreover, PLP1 effectively protected the liver against acute alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in mice.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Ya Su, Yaqian Liu, Xueyan Hu, Yueqi Lu, Jinyuan Zhang, Wenbo Jin, Wang Liu, Yan Shu, Yuen Yee Cheng, Wenfang Li, Yi Nie, Bo Pan, Kedong Song
Summary: A 3D printed scaffold based on carbon dots-curcumin nano-drug release has been developed for drug delivery after breast cancer surgery. The scaffold showed effective inhibition of tumor growth, antibacterial activity, and promotion of wound healing, making it a promising approach for preventing tumor recurrence.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Ekaterina Sokolova, Diane Jouanneau, Antonin Chevenier, Murielle Jam, Nathalie Desban, Pierre Colas, Elizabeth Ficko-Blean, Gurvan Michel
Summary: Carrageenans, a compound synthesized in red algae, have various biological properties and are valuable in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Their fine structure affects wound healing, oxidative processes, hemostasis, and inflammation. Enzymatic modification of carrageenans produces oligosaccharides that bind to natural human serum antibodies and specific antibodies, showing potential for therapeutic applications.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yan Shi, Miao Yu, Kaijin Qiu, Tiantian Kong, Chunjing Guo, Wenxue Zhang, Daquan Chen, Ming Kong
Summary: In this study, functionalized transfersomes were developed to co-deliver doxorubicin and 1MT towards primary tumors and tumor draining lymph nodes via transdermal administration using microneedles. The results showed that the nano-complexed microneedles exhibited a stronger suppression in tumor growth compared to the intravenous group.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)