Article
Microbiology
Maggie Gortikov, Elizabeta Yakubovich, Zheng Wang, Francesc Lopez-Giraldez, Yujia Tu, Jeffrey P. Townsend, Oded Yarden
Summary: This study reveals some key mechanisms of Trichoderma spp. during conidial germination by studying the saprophytic and mycoparasitic hyphal growth of this genus. The results show that the transcript abundance of over 5000 genes is continuously reduced during the transition from dormancy to polar growth, and approximately a quarter of the genome's transcript abundance is continuously elevated during the transition from elongation to initial branching after germination. Furthermore, specific chitinase- and glucanase-encoding genes are identified as active transcriptional hubs during germination, and specific members of the chitin synthase and glucan elongase families show significantly increased expression during germination in the presence of the mycoparasite's known host.
Article
Agronomy
Deyala M. Naguib, Abdulrahman Ali Alzandi, Israa M. Shamkh, Nour El-Houda A. Reyad
Summary: The study introduced fabatin to control cucumber Fusarium wilt, demonstrating its effectiveness, and proposed that the resistance mechanism is achieved through enhancing the expression of defense-related enzymes. Moreover, fabatin can directly influence the fungal growth.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Kenza Samlali, Chiara Leal Alves, Mara Jezernik, Steve C. C. Shih
Summary: A new droplet-based microfluidic method is reported for long-term incubation and sorting of fungi with low-voltage conditions, which is of great significance for the study of fungal cell-wall-degrading enzymes.
MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Forestry
Jun Sun, Xuemei Zhang, Jinli Zheng, Guangping Liu, Lijing Chen
Summary: In this study, we investigated the resistance levels of eight hazelnut varieties to Botrytis cinerea infection. The results showed that different varieties responded differently to the infection, with DW and OZ being the most resistant, and L1 and QX being the most susceptible. Enzyme activity analysis validated the resistance order revealed by disease index assessment results.
Review
Mycology
Cuicui Liu, Jingjing Bi, Liqin Kang, Jiangsheng Zhou, Xiao Liu, Zhonghua Liu, Sheng Yuan
Summary: Stipe elongation growth is driven by lateral extension of stipe cells, requiring loosening of the cell wall to accommodate protoplast enlargement. Chitinases are key in stipe wall extension, while 3-glucanases play a role in wall remodeling. Fungal expansin-like proteins may enhance chitin hydrolysis and aid in stipe wall extension growth.
FUNGAL BIOLOGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Tamer Ali Sweellum, Deyala M. Naguib
Summary: This study evaluates the role of tomato potato onion intercropping in inducing tomato resistance against Fusarium oxysporum. The intercropping was found to enhance tomato resistance by improving soil enzymes and antifungal enzyme activity, releasing compounds that initiate defense response in tomato plants. This defense response is characterized by elevated antioxidant capacity, antagonistic enzymes against oxidative stress, and improved secondary metabolism.
JOURNAL OF PLANT DISEASES AND PROTECTION
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Lucelia Santi, Walter O. Beys-da-Silva, Markus Berger, John R. Yates, Adriano Brandelli, Marilene H. Vainstein
Summary: The use of enzyme production from fruit peels can enhance the quality and quantity of juice production, and extracts produced by Penicillium oxalicum LS09 show potential application in the fruit juice industry.
JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-MYSORE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Li Yang, ShuangQin Huang, Yang Liu, ShunAn Zheng, Hong Liu, Christopher Rensing, ZhiLian Fan, RenWei Feng
Summary: This study investigated the regulatory mechanisms of selenate on cadmium transport in pakchoi plants. It was found that selenate addition restricted cadmium translocation from roots to shoots. Selenate also affected the concentrations of pectins, hemicellulose, and cellulose, as well as the activity of various enzymes. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the alleviation of cadmium toxicity by selenium in plants.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Mengpei Guo, Xiaolong Ma, Yan Zhou, Yinbing Bian, Gaolei Liu, Yingli Cai, Tianji Huang, Hongxia Dong, Dingjun Cai, Xueji Wan, Zhihong Wang, Yang Xiao, Heng Kang
Summary: The basidiomycetous edible mushroom Stropharia rugosoannulata has been shown to have excellent properties in terms of nutrition, medicine, bioremediation, and biocontrol. In this study, a high-quality genome assembly and annotation of S. rugosoannulata was provided based on combined Illumina-Nanopore data. The genome size was approximately 47.97 Mb, consisting of 20 scaffolds, with a high BUSCO score of 98.7%. The genome contains a total of 15,726 coding gene sequences, including 142 genes encoding plant cell wall degrading enzymes. Comparative genomic analysis revealed its superiority in utilizing aldehyde-containing lignins and its potential for utilizing algae during cultivation.
JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Shi-Qi Xu, Zheng-Yu Zhang, Bin Nie, Yi-Nan Du, Yue Tang, Hai-Tao Wu
Summary: Sea cucumber intestine extracts containing serine endopeptidases can decrease the viscosity of collagen fibers, indicating the involvement of serine proteases in the process of sea cucumber body wall softening.
Article
Plant Sciences
Min Jia, Xintao Liu, Hui Zhao, Yunxia Ni, Hongyan Liu, Baoming Tian
Summary: This study investigated the role of cell-wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs) in Corynespora leaf spot caused by Corynespora cassiicola in sesame. The results indicated that NEX plays a key role in the infection process, and different sesame varieties have varied responses to CWDEs secreted by the pathogen.
JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Na Ra Shin, Yu Okamura, Roy Kirsch, Yannick Pauchet
Summary: Longhorned beetles are a diverse group of insects that have successfully evolved by degrading plant cell wall components. Through genome analysis, it has been found that they acquired genes encoding plant cell wall-degrading enzymes from various microbes. These genes have evolved into gene families and provide valuable insights into the biology of longhorned beetles and other beetles.
INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Cintia Mariana Pereyra, Claudia Cristina Dal Lago, Cecilia Monica Creus, Maria Alejandra Pereyra
Summary: The mechanisms by which A. baldaniorum Sp 245 promotes root growth were investigated. It was found that the phenolic and polyamine contents in the cell walls of the roots decreased after inoculation with the bacterium, while the ratio of phenolic acid increased. Additionally, polyamine levels and polyamine oxidase activity in the root cells increased. The involvement of polyamines in biofilm formation by A. baldaniorum Sp 245 was also demonstrated.
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Alexsander Augusto da Silveira, Jackeline Santana Paula Andrade, Ana Carla Peixoto Guissoni, Adeliane Castro da Costa, Arthur de Carvalho e Silva, Heloisa Garcia da Silva, Pedro Brito, Guilherme Rocha Lino de Souza, Katia Flavia Fernandes
Summary: The study demonstrates the potential of a chitinolytic enzyme complex produced by Trichoderma asperellum to effectively kill Aedes aegypti larvae, showing promise as an alternative to conventional chemical insecticides. This specific enzyme mixture shows high mortality rates and profound changes in cellular structures, indicating its suitability for mosquito control.
BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Alonso R. P. Ticona, Sadia F. Ullah, Pedro R. Hamann, Fabyano A. C. Lopes, Eliane F. Noronha
Summary: Paenibacillus barengoltzii A1_50L2 isolated from bovine rumen produces a variety of plant cell wall degrading enzymes, showing good tolerance and efficiency in degrading lignocellulosic wastes. The enzymatic cocktail secreted by P. barengoltzii exhibits high activities for endo-1,4-beta-xylanases, pectinases, mannanases and other enzymes, with optimal conditions at pH 4-8 and temperature 45-60 degrees Celsius. Additionally, the enzymatic cocktail from P. barengoltzii enhances the hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse, banana stem and corncob, providing a potential alternative to commercial enzyme blends.
WASTE AND BIOMASS VALORIZATION
(2021)
News Item
Plant Sciences
N. Pepin, Z. K. Punja, D. L. Joly
Article
Plant Sciences
Zamir K. Punja, Gina Rodriguez
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Agronomy
Surinder Kaur, Patty Reid, K. Neil Harker, Scott Meers, James Thomas, Syama Chatterton, Hector Carcamo
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE
(2019)
Article
Agronomy
Telsa Willsey, Syama Chatterton, Hector Carcamo
Article
Agronomy
Zamir K. Punja, Ananchanok Tirajoh, Danielle Collyer, Li Ni
Article
Plant Sciences
Li Ni, Zamir K. Punja
JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY
(2020)
Review
Agronomy
Zamir K. Punja
Summary: This review discusses the challenges of diseases in the cannabis industry in Canada, as well as mitigation strategies such as pathogen identification, environmental modifications, sanitation measures, and the use of biological control agents. The lack of registered fungicides and the difficulty in reducing microbial loads on harvested inflorescences remain as major challenges for producers. Regulatory hurdles in utilizing biological control agents for disease management are also highlighted.
PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Telsa Willsey, Jason Patey, Christine Vucurevich, Syama Chatterton, Hector Carcamo
Summary: Increased production of field pea and faba bean in Canada has led to a greater incidence of disease and insect pests, which can ultimately reduce yield. Field trials evaluating various strategies found no consistent impact on disease severity or insect herbivory, indicating a need for further research to develop effective management methods.
Article
Plant Sciences
Nimllash T. Sivachandra Kumar, Kiela B. Caudillo-Ruiz, Syama Chatterton, Sabine Banniza
Summary: The study identified pathotypes of Aphanomyces euteiches in pea- and lentil-producing areas of the Great Plains in North America, with pathotype I being predominant in the Canadian prairies. This poses a serious threat to pea cultivars in the region.
Editorial Material
Plant Sciences
S. Chatterton, E. Amundsen, C. Vucurevich, A. Erickson
Article
Plant Sciences
Cameron Scott, Zamir K. K. Punja
Summary: Damping-off, crown rot, and root rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum and Pythium spp. are prevalent diseases that impede the growth and survival of cannabis plants. Limited management options exist in the absence of registered fungicides, thus this study evaluates the efficacy of five biological-control agents. Lalstop, Rootshield, Asperello, and Stargus were identified as the most effective treatments in reducing disease severity, while Rootshield and Lalstop were the most effective against Pythium biocontrol.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Zamir K. Punja, Cameron Scott
Summary: The diversity of fungal species on cannabis plants grown organically in British Columbia from 2019 to 2021 was investigated. Fungal species were found on the inflorescences as epiphytes and in the stem tissues as endophytes. Air and soil samples were collected to assess fungal diversity, and PCR-derived sequences were used to identify the colonies. The study revealed that many fungal species found in the air and soil were also present on cannabis inflorescences, potentially affecting product quality and human health.
Article
Plant Sciences
Mohannad Mahmoud, Ines BenRejeb, Zamir K. Punja, Liam Buirs, Suha Jabaji
Summary: Botrytis cinerea is a widespread necrotrophic plant pathogen that causes diseases on over 1000 plant species, including cannabis. This review explores the pathogenesis and host responses to Botrytis infection on cannabis, as well as potential mechanisms for disease resistance. The effects of microclimatic and environmental conditions, early disease detection strategies, biological control agents, and other disease management approaches are discussed.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Zamir K. Punja, Darren B. Sutton, Tommy Kim
Summary: This study observed the bract tissues of two cannabis genotypes and found two types of glandular trichomes, which were influenced by genotype and plant age in terms of their numbers, development, and maturation. The asynchronous formation of trichomes on bracts led to different stages of maturity. Post-harvest handling and drying also affected trichome morphology.
JOURNAL OF CANNABIS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Jonathan Reich, Debra Mclaren, Yong Min Kim, Owen Wally, Dmytro Yevtushenko, Richard Hamelin, Parthiba Balasubramanian, Syama Chatterton
Summary: White mold caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a major constraint to dry bean production in Canada. Disease forecasting based on environmental factors and pathogen presence is difficult. Market class has a significant effect on disease incidence in dry beans.