Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Dandan Fu, Jianmei Wu, Yi Gu, Qianwen Li, Ying Shao, Hanshuang Feng, Xiangjun Song, Jian Tu, Kezong Qi
Summary: This study constructed ompR gene mutant and complement strains using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. It was found that inactivation of ompR gene attenuated the pathogenicity of APEC and affected bacterial motility, biofilm formation, and curli production.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Olivia Dwijayanti Wiguna, Diana Elizabeth Waturangi, Yogiara
Summary: This study found that DW-EC bacteriophage isolated from Indonesian traditional food has inhibitory and destructive effects on the biofilms of pathogenic E. coli, and its activity is significantly higher than that against B. cereus. This indicates that DW-EC bacteriophage has the potential to be used as an anti-biofilm candidate for polystyrene and stainless steel equipment in the food industry.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Thotsapol Thomrongsuwannakij, Ruethai Narinthorn, Tanakamol Mahawan, Patrick J. Blackall
Summary: This study compared avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolates from commercial broilers and native chickens in terms of phylogenetic grouping, antimicrobial resistance profiles, and resistance genes. The results showed that APEC isolates from commercial broilers had higher multidrug resistance rates and presence of resistant genes compared to native chicken isolates.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Tomas Nohejl, Jana Palkovicova, Kristina Nesporova, Adam Valcek, Jarmila Lausova, Monika Dolejska
Summary: The fos operon enables bacteria to thrive in challenging environments, and its global distribution in bacterial genomes is still unknown. The presence of plasmid-harbored fos operons in resistant bacteria may contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Alaullah Sheikh, James M. Fleckenstein
Summary: Pathogenic Escherichia coli can be classified into specific variants (pathovars) based on their behavior and the expression of specific virulence factors. These pathogens interact with CEACAMs through both core elements common to all E. coli and pathovar-specific virulence traits that target the IgV regions of CEACAMs. Recent data suggests that these interactions may not only benefit the pathogen but also provide a mechanism for pathogen elimination.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Van Hieu Pham, Waseem Abbas, Jinyu Huang, Fangshen Guo, Kaichen Zhang, Linhua Kong, Wenrui Zhen, Yuming Guo, Zhong Wang
Summary: Colibacillosis caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a prevalent disease in poultry farms in China. This study evaluated the effectiveness of coated essential oil and organic acid (EOA) supplementation in preventing E. coli O78 infection in broiler chickens. The results showed that EOA supplementation could alleviate gut injury and inflammation caused by E. coli.
Article
Immunology
Jin Hu, Dongfang Wang, Xingfa Huang, Yang Yang, Xin Lian, Wenjun Wang, Xiao Xu, Yulan Liu
Summary: This study explores the role of TolC in the pathogenesis of ExPEC strain PPECC42 and finds that TolC is closely associated with the virulence of ExPEC.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Isabella F. S. Figueiredo, Lorena G. Araujo, Raissa G. Assuncao, Itaynara L. Dutra, Johnny R. Nascimento, Fabricia S. Rego, Carolina S. Rolim, Leylane S. R. Alves, Mariana A. Frazao, Samilly F. Cadete, Luis Claudio N. da Silva, Joicy C. de Sa, Eduardo M. de Sousa, Waldir P. Elias, Flavia R. F. Nascimento, Afonso G. Abreu
Summary: The study showed that cinnamaldehyde has potential in treating sepsis by reducing inflammation, increasing cell production in bone marrow and spleen, and improving survival rates in animals.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Peili Wang, Jiaxiang Zhang, Yanfei Chen, Haoran Zhong, Heng Wang, Jianji Li, Guoqiang Zhu, Pengpeng Xia, Luying Cui, Jun Li, Junsheng Dong, Qingqing Gao, Xia Meng
Summary: The study confirmed that clbG is essential for the synthesis of genotoxin colibactin in APEC XM strain, and its deletion reduced the likelihood of APEC meningitis in mice.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Ilias Apostolakos, Andrea Laconi, Lapo Mughini-Gras, Ozlem Sahan Yapicier, Alessandra Piccirillo
Summary: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes significant economic losses in the broiler industry. This study revealed high mortality rates and varying incidence of colibacillosis in different stages of broiler production, potentially linked to changes in APEC genotypes. Despite genetic diversity, there was overlap in genotypes across production stages and evidence of clonal transmission events. Additionally, some cephalosporin-resistant APEC strains may originate from cephalosporin-resistant avian fecal E. coli (AFEC).
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Babak Pakbin, Wolfram M. Bruck, John W. A. Rossen
Summary: Escherichia coli are versatile microorganisms found in the normal intestinal microbiota of humans and animals. They can become emerging human pathogens by acquiring genes encoding virulence factors. Nine enteric E. coli pathotypes have been characterized, utilizing various virulence factors to cause intestinal and extraintestinal diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Gayani Weerasooriya, Andrea R. McWhorter, Samiullah Khan, Kapil K. Chousalkar
Summary: This study found that Campylobacter jejuni exhibited different response mechanisms to chlorine and acidified sodium chlorite (ASC), with ASC exposure inducing higher oxidative damage and cellular death. This suggests that ASC could be a potential effective sanitizer for use in the chicken meat industry.
NPJ SCIENCE OF FOOD
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Peleg Schneider, Hagit Salamon, Nathalie Weizmann, Einat Nissim-Eliraz, Inna Lysnyansky, Nahum Y. Shpigel
Summary: Mastitis is a common and economically important disease in dairy animals, caused by bacterial infection. The recruitment of neutrophils into the milk spaces is a characteristic of acute mammary infection. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of mastitis is still limited.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Xiangkun Wang, Lingzi Li, Hongqi Shang, Fan Zhou, Cheng Wang, Shuyu Zhang, Panpan Gao, Ping Guo, Ruiliang Zhu, Zhenhong Sun, Kai Wei
Summary: This study found that duck circovirus infection in the duck population in China can cause immunosuppression and secondary infection. The virus affects the development of immune organs in infected ducks and increases the pathogenicity and colonization ability of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC).
Article
Infectious Diseases
Alexandra Tabaran, Virginie Soulageon, Flore Chirila, Oana Lucia Reget, Marian Mihaiu, Mihai Borzan, Sorin Daniel Dan
Summary: Antimicrobial resistance is a global concern and this study found that bovines in Romania may serve as reservoirs for multi-drug resistant E. coli, highlighting the need for surveillance of antimicrobial usage in farm animals.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Kosar Gharib-Naseri, Sarbast Kheravii, Chake Keerqin, Robert A. Swick, Mingan Choct, Shu-Biao Wu
Summary: The primary cause of necrotic enteritis in chickens is the NetB-positive Clostridium perfringens bacterium. This study evaluated the impact of two pathogenic C. perfringens strains on gut health and gene expression in broilers, finding that the challenge is detrimental to performance and different strains can modulate the severity of the disease through gene expression.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
K. W. McCafferty, M. Toghyani, N. K. Morgan, A. J. Cowieson, M. Choct, A. F. Moss
Summary: The study showed that supplementing protease in maize-based diets can enhance the digestive and metabolic efficiency in broilers, with reduced losses of nitrogen and starch. Additionally, maize-based diets exhibited better metabolisability and energy utilization compared to wheat-based diets in broilers.
BRITISH POULTRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Jennifer A. Wood, Edmund J. Knights, Grant M. Campbell, Steven Harden, Mingan Choct
Summary: The dehulling and splitting processes are crucial in producing dhal from pulses. Difficult-to-mill grains with tightly adhered seed coats or cotyledons that resist separation can result in reduced milling yields and poorer quality dhal. Pre-treatment with enzymes showed varying effects on milling performance and dhal quality, with some improvements in dehulling efficiency and splitting yield.
JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Titus Jairus Zindove, Archibold Garikayi Bakare, Paul Ade Iji
Summary: The study aimed to understand the socio-economic characteristics, production parameters, challenges, and management practices of Fijian households keeping indigenous chickens. Findings revealed that households raised indigenous chickens for food and income, with Welsummer being the most preferred breed. Various challenges were faced, including predators like mongoose and feed shortages, resulting in low productivity.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
K. W. McCafferty, N. K. Morgan, A. J. Cowieson, M. Choct, A. F. Moss
Summary: The study found that broiler chickens had good responses to moderate AME concentrations and protease supplementation during the early growth phase, resulting in increased body weight and feed intake, and decreased feed conversion ratio. High AME concentrations in the diet decreased starch and nitrogen digestibility.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
L. Yan, S. An, Z. Z. Lv, M. Choct, G. L. Zhou, Y. Li, J. S. Zhuo, Z. G. Wang, J. L. Lai, M. B. Lv, Y. M. Guo, Y. G. Jia
Summary: This experiment investigated the effects of different corn particle sizes on the growth performance, gastrointestinal development, carcass processing yields, and intestinal microbiota of caged broilers. The results showed that feeding broilers with finely ground corn in the starter phase and coarsely ground corn in the grower and finisher phases improved their body weight, daily gain, feed intake, gizzard weight, carcass yield, and relative thigh weight. The intestinal microbiota was also affected, with changes in the relative abundance of specific bacterial families.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Archibold Garikayi Bakare, Titus Jairus Zindove, Paul Ade Iji
Summary: This study conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to investigate the effects of feeding leaf meals on growth performance of broiler chickens. The results indicated that leaf meals can positively influence the growth performance of chickens. However, there was heterogeneity among the studies and evidence of publication bias.
TROPICAL ANIMAL HEALTH AND PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Shelvindra Singh, Archibold Garikayi Bakare, Paul Ade Iji, Titus Jairus Zindove
Summary: The study aimed to describe beef production systems and challenges among subsistence farmers in windward and leeward regions of Fiji. Data was collected from 200 beef cattle owners using a structured questionnaire. Cattle were ranked as the most important livestock species and were primarily kept for income and draught power. Challenges varied between the two regions, with leeward farmers facing drought and pasture shortage, while windward farmers faced issues of theft and disease. Breeding practices were similar across both regions, with non-descript cattle breeds being common.
OUTLOOK ON AGRICULTURE
(2023)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Gene M. Pesti, Mingan Choct
Summary: Current methods for feed formulation focus on cost reduction rather than profit maximization. The development of profit maximizing models will center on the production functions of broilers and layers, optimizing the relationship between the value of products and feed costs.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Eunjoo Kim, Amy F. Moss, Natalie K. Morgan, Kosar Gharib-Naseri, Peter Ader, Mingan Choct
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of fibre-degrading enzymes on the profiles of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and oligosaccharides (OS) in the ileum of broiler chickens fed wheat- or maize-based diets under subclinical necrotic enteritis (NE) challenge. The results showed that enzyme supplementation improved weight gain in birds fed the wheat-based diet, but had a negative impact on weight gain in birds fed the maize-based diet. Enzyme addition reduced the level of insoluble NSP in the ileum, especially in challenged birds fed the wheat-based diet. Enzyme supplementation also decreased the level of soluble NSP in the ileum, particularly in challenged birds fed the wheat-based diet.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Eunjoo Kim, Amy F. Moss, Natalie K. Morgan, Kosar Gharib-Naseri, Peter Ader, Mingan Choct
Summary: The present study investigated the effect of supplementing fibre-degrading enzymes on the severity of subclinical necrotic enteritis (NE) in broiler chickens offered wheat- or maize-based diets. The findings showed that adding fibre-degrading enzymes can alleviate the negative impact of NE on growth performance in birds, and the type of diet and enzyme supplementation affect growth performance and digesta viscosity in the birds.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Klint W. McCafferty, Mingan Choct, Sosthene Musigwa, Natalie K. Morgan, Aaron J. Cowieson, Amy F. Moss
Summary: This experiment investigated the effects of digestible amino acid concentrations and supplemental protease on live performance and energy partitioning in broilers. The results showed that adding protease to diets with reduced amino acid concentrations improved feed conversion ratio and influenced energy utilization.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Eunjoo Kim, Natalie K. Morgan, Amy F. Moss, Lily Li, Peter Ader, Mingan Choct
Summary: This study characterized the types and amounts of undigested non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) along the gastrointestinal tract in broiler chickens fed a typical wheat or maize-based diet. The results showed that the wheat-based diet had higher levels of soluble NSP compared to the maize-based diet, while the levels of insoluble NSP were similar between the two diets. Arabinoxylans were the primary NSP in the wheat-based diet, mainly in insoluble form, while pectins were the predominant NSP in the maize-based diet. Birds fed the wheat-based diet had higher levels of soluble NSP in all gut sections compared to those fed the maize-based diet, and there was a higher accumulation of insoluble NSP in the gizzard of birds fed the maize-based diet.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Eunjoo Kim, Natalie K. Morgan, Amy F. Moss, Lily Li, Peter Ader, Mingan Choct
Summary: The study aimed to characterize undigested nutrients in the gastrointestinal tract of birds fed wheat- or maize-based diets and found that over 30% of nutrients were wasted regardless of diet type. Protein, insoluble NSP, and oligosaccharides were the main undigested nutrients, with differences observed between wheat and maize diets. The utilization of oligosaccharides and protein varied between the diets, influencing nutrient disappearance along the gastrointestinal tract.
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jean Noblet, Shu-Biao Wu, Mingan Choct
Summary: This paper reviews the methods for evaluating the energy content of feed for monogastric animals, with a focus on net energy (NE). Energy digestibility in pigs and poultry depends on feed characteristics, technology, and animal factors. The concept of adjusted metabolisable energy (ME) and true ME (TME) were developed for poultry. Evaluating dietary NE is more complex and depends on various factors. Standardised NE values can be used to calculate NE prediction equations for ingredients and compound feeds.