Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kamila P. Liput, Adam Lepczynski, Magdalena Ogluszka, Agata Nawrocka, Ewa Polawska, Agata Grzesiak, Brygida Slaska, Chandra S. Pareek, Urszula Czarnik, Mariusz Pierzchala
Summary: It is recommended to reduce saturated fatty acids (SFA) and increase polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) n-3 and n-6 in the diet to lower the risk of metabolic disorders. Western-type diet often contains excessive n-6 PUFAs and a high n-6/n-3 ratio. Oxylipins derived from n-3 and n-6 PUFAs play a role in inflammation, while PUFAs have varying effects on cell growth, proliferation, and neoplastic lesion progression, as observed in in vitro studies, animal models, and epidemiological studies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Karina Gonzalez-Becerra, Elisa Barron-Cabrera, Jose F. Munoz-Valle, Nathaly Torres-Castillo, Juan J. Rivera-Valdes, Roberto Rodriguez-Echevarria, Erika Martinez-Lopez
Summary: The study aimed to analyze the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation on fatty acid profile, biochemical markers, and inflammatory markers in subjects with obesity. The results showed that both the supplementation and placebo groups increased PUFA intake and DHA in red blood cells, but the placebo group had reductions in IL-8 and MCP-1 levels. Regression analysis revealed that increased DHA levels were associated with decreased IL-8 levels in both groups, suggesting the beneficial anti-inflammatory effects of dietary DHA and n-3 supplementation.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Cristina Higueras, Ana I. Rey, Rosa Escudero, David Diaz-Reganon, Fernando Rodriguez-Franco, Mercedes Garcia-Sancho, Beatriz Agulla, Angel Sainz
Summary: Food-responsive enteropathy (FRE) is the most common diagnosis for dogs with chronic enteropathy, and there is currently no test that can replace treatment trials. This study found changes in the fatty acid profiles of plasma and feces in sick dogs, and high correlations between certain compounds and existing indices. Dogs with FRE had different fatty acid profiles compared to healthy dogs, both in plasma and feces. These findings highlight the importance of fatty acids, particularly fecal parameters, in diagnosing and evaluating the inflammatory status of dogs.
Article
Plant Sciences
Alexander S. Voronkov, Tatiana Ivanova, Tamara K. Kumachova
Summary: This study investigated the fatty acid composition of the pericarp, seeds, and leaves of Pyrus caucasica and Pyrus communis grown at different altitudes in mountain ecosystems. The results showed significant differences in fatty acid content among different altitudes, with the outer tissues of the pericarp and leaves having the greatest variations. Additionally, specific fatty acids were observed in the pericarp and leaf of Pyrus communis exposed to increased UV radiation. Wild P. caucasica had higher levels of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) compared to P. communis cultivars. At an altitude of 700 m, an increase in VLCFAs and the presence of new odd-chain fatty acids were observed in both species, possibly due to fungal infections.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Susan Sergeant, Brian A. Keith, Michael C. Seeds, Jimaree A. Legins, Caroline B. Young, Mara Z. Vitolins, Floyd H. Chilton
Summary: Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) synthetic products and their metabolites play crucial roles in immunity, inflammation, and brain development/function. The frequency differences of variants in the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster affect levels of HUFAs and physiological phenotypes. However, the impact of this genetic variation on the health of Hispanic/Latino populations remains unclear.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lingsi Zeng, Honggang Lv, Xubo Wang, Ranran Xue, Cong Zhou, Xia Liu, Hao Yu
Summary: Using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, this study found potential causal relationships between levels of fatty acids (FA) and the risk of depression. Specifically, oleic acid (OA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) were identified as potential risk factors for depression, while adrenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were found to be protective. These findings emphasize the importance of further research to investigate the underlying mechanisms that mediate the association between these fatty acids and depression risk.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marie-Louise Syren, Stefano Turolo, Erika Adalgisa de Marco, Valentina De Cosmi, Patrizia Rise, Franca Marangoni, Dario Guido Minoli, Gianantonio Manzoni, Carlo Agostoni
Summary: The physiological whole blood fatty acid composition in young people and its correlation with adherence to the Mediterranean diet are explored in this study. The results show that the proportion of n6-series polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) increases with age, while n3-FA species decrease or remain stable. The majority of participants had low to medium adherence to the Mediterranean diet.
LIPIDS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fang Li, Zhuoran Kang, Xiaojuan Wu, Wei Wu
Summary: Dietary protein plays a crucial role in body growth and shaping the gut microbiota. This study found that oxidation of rice bran protein (RBP) altered the composition of the gut microbiota, improved intestinal barrier function, but had limited effects on short-chain fatty acid production.
Article
Biology
M. B. Blanco, L. K. Greene, L. N. Ellsaesser, B. Schopler, M. Davison, C. Ostrowski, P. H. Klopfer, J. Fietz, E. E. Ehmke
Summary: This study analyzed the fatty acid composition of white adipose tissue in dwarf lemurs, which were subjected to high-sugar or high-fat diets and experienced cold or warm conditions during fattening and hibernation. The results showed that dwarf lemurs fed high-sugar diets had a white adipose tissue composition more similar to wild lemurs and depleted their fat reserves better during hibernation. This highlights the importance of PUFA metabolism in the ecology of tropical hibernators.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Marco Martinoli, Domitilla Pulcini, Maxim Veroli, Gianluca Renzi, Sebastiana Failla, Fabrizio Capoccioni
Summary: Purslane weed as a feed for crayfish can significantly increase the n-3 PUFA and carotenoid content, benefiting crayfish nutrition without affecting growth performance. It shows promise as an ingredient in crayfish diets with added value in carotenoids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Further research is encouraged to determine the optimal inclusion of purslane weed in sustainable crayfish diets.
AQUACULTURE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ling-Jun Li, Ruochen Du, Marion Ouidir, Ruijin Lu, Zhen Chen, Natalie L. Weir, Michael Y. Tsai, Paul S. Albert, Cuilin Zhang
Summary: Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) during pregnancy have an impact on metabolic programming and fetal growth. In this study, plasma phospholipid SFAs were measured in early pregnancy and fetal growth was monitored. It was found that even-chain and very long even-chain SFAs were negatively associated, while odd-chain SFAs were positively associated with fetal weight and size. Pentadecanoic acid (15:0) in the highest tertile showed a greater fetal weight and size compared to the lowest tertile. These findings suggest the potential use of an alternative high-fat diet rich in odd-chain SFAs for optimal fetal growth.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kristin J. Skaarud, Johannes R. Hov, Simen H. Hansen, Martin Kummen, Jorgen Valeur, Ingebjorg Seljeflot, Asta Bye, Vemund Paulsen, Knut E. A. Lundin, Marius Troseid, Geir E. Tjonnfjord, Per Ole Iversen
Summary: After allo-HSCT, gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids were significantly reduced, with no significant differences between the intervention group and controls in investigated parameters. Patients with low microbial diversity at 3 weeks post-HSCT had significantly higher mortality rates, while those with higher abundance of Blautia genus were more likely to survive.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Lisa F. M. Lee Nen That, Baojun Xu, Jessica Pandohee
Summary: The maturation of omics technologies and bioinformatics tools has greatly advanced prebiotics research. Prebiotics are no longer limited to oligosaccharides, but include various compounds that have been proven to have prebiotic characteristics. The discovery of novel prebiotics requires further understanding of their roles in the microbiota and the host. The relationship between the gut microbiota and the host is crucial for health, and dysbiosis can result in severe illnesses.
CURRENT OPINION IN FOOD SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Pedro Henrique Soares Cardoso, Enya Silva de Oliveira, Luciano Morais Liao, Gerlon de Almeida Ribeiro Oliveira
Summary: This study compared the lipid profile of chicken eggs produced in conventional and free-range systems using H-1 NMR. It found that free-range eggs had higher concentrations of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The study also showed that a specific signal ratio could accurately classify different samples. These findings are important for quality control and fraud prevention in the egg industry.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhi-Hong Yang, Kimball Nill, Yuki Takechi-Haraya, Martin P. Playford, David Nguyen, Zu-Xi Yu, Milton Pryor, Jingrong Tang, Krishna Vamsi Rojulpote, Nehal N. Mehta, Han Wen, Alan T. Remaley
Summary: The study found that supplementation of the Western diet with high-oleic MSO, but not CSO, reduced atherosclerosis development in LDLR-KO mice independent of changes in plasma lipids.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)