Determination of Hg, Fe, Ni, and Co by Miniaturized Optical Emission Spectrometry Integrated with Flow Injection Photochemical Vapor Generation and Point Discharge

A compact and robust OES technique was developed for the sensitive determination of Hg, Fe, Ni, and Co by utilizing photochemical vapor generation and point discharge as the sampling technique and the excitation source, respectively. Mercury cold vapor and the volatile species of Fe, Ni, and Co were generated when standard or sample solutions containing formic acid were exposed to a UV photochemical reactor and subsequently separated from the liquid phase for transport to the microplasma and detection of their atomic emission. Limits of detection (LODs) of 0.10, 10, 0.20, and 4.5 mu g L-1 were obtained for Hg, Fe, Ni and Co, respectively. Compared to conventional microplasma OES, this method not only broadens the scope of elements amenable to determination, but also provides 2- and 7-fold improvement in the LODs for Hg and Ni, respectively. Method validation was demonstrated by analysis of three Certified Reference Materials (GBW08607, DORM-3, and DORM-4) with satisfactory results, and by good spike recoveries (93-111%) from three real water samples.