Article
Virology
Ahmed El-Nawawy, Manal A. M. Antonios, Marwa A. Meheissen, Marwan M. Fahim
Summary: This study aimed to assess viral agents causing severe pneumonia among mechanically ventilated pediatric patients, and found that viral infection rate was high at 73.4%, with rhinovirus and RSV being the most common. The mortality rate for viral-associated severe pneumonia reached 56.36%, with a threefold increase in mortality odds in the presence of comorbid conditions and a tenfold increase with congenital heart disease.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Vicky L. Baillie, David P. Moore, Azwifarwi Mathunjwa, Henry C. Baggett, Abdullah Brooks, Daniel R. Feikin, Laura L. Hammitt, Stephen R. C. Howie, Maria Deloria Knoll, Karen L. Kotloff, Orin S. Levine, Katherine L. O'Brien, Anthony G. Scott, Donald M. Thea, Martin Antonio, Juliet O. Awori, Amanda J. Driscoll, Nicholas S. S. Fancourt, Melissa M. Higdon, Ruth A. Karron, Susan C. Morpeth, Justin M. Mulindwa, David R. Murdoch, Daniel E. Park, Christine Prosperi, Mohammed Ziaur Rahman, Mustafizur Rahman, Rasheed A. Salaudeen, Pongpun Sawatwong, Somwe Wa Somwe, Samba O. Sow, Milagritos D. Tapia, Eric A. F. Simoes, Shabir A. Madhi
Summary: Rhinovirus (RV) detection is more common among HIV-uninfected children hospitalized with severe pneumonia, especially in children over 12 months. RV-positive pneumonia cases are often associated with wheezing, with a higher probability of RV being the cause of pneumonia.
Article
Immunology
Mitchell M. McCartney, Angela L. Linderholm, Mei S. Yamaguchi, Alexandria K. Falcon, Richart W. Harper, George R. Thompson, Susan E. Ebeler, Nicholas J. Kenyon, Cristina E. Davis, Michael Schivo
Summary: The study demonstrated that volatile biomarkers released by bronchial epithelial cells could differentiate infected cells from healthy cells and predict the timing of infection. This supports the hypothesis that a breath test could be used to diagnose viral infections.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Fu-Shun Yen, James Cheng-Chung Wei, Ying-Hsiu Shih, Chung Y. Hsu, Chih-Cheng Hsu, Chii-Min Hwu
Summary: This study shows that older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus who use metformin as a pre-influenza vaccination have lower risks of hospitalization for influenza, pneumonia, cardiovascular disease, mechanical ventilation, and mortality compared to nonusers of metformin.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Harun Agca, Halis Akalin, Imran Saglik, Mustafa Hacimustafaoglu, Solmaz Celebi, Beyza Ener
Summary: The epidemiology of respiratory viruses, including influenza and other respiratory tract viruses, has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Rhinovirus/enterovirus was the most common virus across all age groups, while the positivity rate for influenza decreased during the pandemic.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Michael L. Jackson, Lea Starita, Erika Kiniry, C. Hallie Phillips, Stacie Wellwood, Shari Cho, Anahita Kiavand, Melissa Truong, Peter Han, Matthew Richardson, Caitlin R. Wolf, Jessica Heimonen, Deborah A. Nickerson, Helen Y. Chu
Summary: This study conducted active surveillance for outpatient acute respiratory illness among Kaiser Permanente Washington members, finding influenza A(H3N2) to be the most common virus. RSV was the most common cause among children aged 1-4 years, while coronaviruses were most common among adults aged >= 65 years.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Rhiannon B. Werder, Md Ashik Ullah, Muhammed Mahfuzur Rahman, Jennifer Simpson, Jason P. Lynch, Natasha Collinson, Sonja Rittchen, Ridwan B. Rashid, Md Al Amin Sikder, Herlina Y. Handoko, Bodie F. Curren, Ismail Sebina, Gunter Hartel, Alec Bissell, Sylvia Ngo, Tejasri Yarlagadda, Sumaira Z. Hasnain, Wenying Lu, Sukhwinder S. Sohal, Megan Martin, Simon Bowler, Lucy D. Burr, Laurent O. Martinez, Bernard Robaye, Kirsten Spann, Manuel A. R. Ferreira, Simon Phipps
Summary: The study discovers P2Y(13)-R as a novel regulator of the nuclear alarmins IL-33 and HMGB1, and demonstrates that targeting this GPCR through genetic deletion or treatment with small-molecule antagonists protects against the onset and exacerbations of asthma.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
David M. Morens, Jeffery K. Taubenberger, Anthony S. Fauci
Summary: The 1918 influenza pandemic and the 2019-2021 COVID-19 pandemic share similarities in clinical, pathological, and epidemiological features, as well as public health responses and research efforts. Both pandemics had lasting psychosocial effects related to loss and hardship. Reflection on lessons learned from these two deadly pandemics is crucial in addressing the challenges of COVID-19.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Virology
Santiago Presti, Sara Manti, Francesco Gambilonghi, Giuseppe Fabio Parisi, Maria Papale, Salvatore Leonardi
Summary: This study highlights the increased prevalence of respiratory viruses, including RSV and Rhinovirus, following the easing of non-pharmaceutical interventions. The second season showed higher prevalence compared to the first, with RSV and Rhinovirus being the most common. Interestingly, there was a shift in peak incidence for RSV from February to November. The emergence of Rhinovirus as the most prevalent respiratory virus during certain months suggests competition among viruses and dynamic changes in viral circulation. Overall severity of respiratory infections remained relatively stable between the seasons.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Toufik Abdul-Rahman, Abubakar Nazir, Bashar Khater, Nikolaos Pyrpyris, Awuah A. Wireko, David G. Miteu, Heli Patel, Vladyslav Sikora
Summary: In March 2020, WHO declared SARS-CoV-2 a global pandemic and enforced lockdowns in most of the United States. As a result, self-protective measures and travel restrictions were implemented, and online learning was initiated by schools/universities. This led to a significant decrease in the global incidence and hospitalization rates of seasonal respiratory infections until early 2021. However, hospitals and healthcare providers still faced challenges and stressors due to the workload caused by the pandemic, and higher vaccination rates increased the risk of major seasonal viral outbreaks.
POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Maria Hartiala, Elina Lahti, Laura Toivonen, Matti Waris, Olli Ruuskanen, Ville Peltola
Summary: A study analyzed blood samples from children hospitalized with pneumonia and found that 6 of them had rhinovirus (RV) infection, among which 4 had bacterial infections. RV-positive pneumonia differs from pneumonia caused by other viruses and requires further investigation.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Tomoko Sumitomo, Masanobu Nakata, Satoshi Nagase, Yuki Takahara, Mariko Honda-Ogawa, Yasushi Mori, Yukako Akamatsu, Masaya Yamaguchi, Shigefumi Okamoto, Shigetada Kawabata
Summary: Influenza A virus infection increases susceptibility to secondary bacterial pneumonia, with GP96 on infected cell surfaces mediating interactions with Streptococcus pneumoniae, leading to increased bacterial adherence and translocation. Inhibition of GP96 enhances pneumococcal clearance and reduces lung pathology in infected mice, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for inhibiting bacterial colonization in an IAV-infected respiratory tract.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kyung Sook Hong, Kassandra Pagan, William Whalen, Rebecca Harris, Jianjun Yang, Heather Stout-Delgado, Soo Jung Cho
Summary: Influenza infection induces lung epithelial cell death through suppressed glutathione metabolism, leading to inflammation and injury, which contributes to increased morbidity and mortality.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Willem R. Miellet, Janieke van Veldhuizen, Mioara A. Nicolaie, Rob Mariman, Hester J. Bootsma, Thijs Bosch, Nynke Y. Rots, Elisabeth A. M. Sanders, Josine van Beek, Krzysztof Trzcinski
Summary: Influenza-like illness exacerbates pneumococcal colonization in older adults, with this effect persisting beyond recovery from the illness.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Joanne Haney, Swetha Vijayakrishnan, James Streetley, Kieran Dee, Daniel Max Goldfarb, Mairi Clarke, Margaret Mullin, Stephen D. Carter, David Bhella, Pablo R. Murcia
Summary: Coinfection of lung cells with influenza A virus (IAV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) results in the formation of hybrid viral particles, which may impact virus pathogenicity and spread by expanding virus tropism and enabling immune evasion.
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Deok-Bog Moon, Sung-Gyu Lee, Yong-Kyu Chung, Woo-Hyoung Kang, Ki-Hun Kim, Gi-Won Song, Dong-Hwan Jung, Tae-Yong Ha, Chul-Soo Ahn, Gil-Chun Park, Shin Hwang, Young-In Yoon, Hwui-Dong Cho, Sang-Hyun Kang, Jin-Uk Choi, I-Jy Jeong, Byeong-Gon Na, Min-Jae Kim, Sang-Hoon Kim, Kyu-Bo Sung, Gi-Young Ko, Dong-Il Kwon, Sung-Koo Lee, Dong-Wook Oh, Gyu-Sam Hwang, Jun-Gol Song, In-Gu Jun, Young-Jin Moon, Sang-Oh Lee, Sung-Han Kim, Jin-Won Huh
Summary: This study reports on the methodology and innovative techniques used in liver transplants at Asan Medical Center, showing a steady increase in living-donor liver transplants since 2011, while deceased-donor liver transplants remained constant. Effective management of complications during surgery was crucial for successful patient outcomes.
TRANSPLANTATION PROCEEDINGS
(2021)
Letter
Critical Care Medicine
Hyemin Chung, Sang-Bum Hong, Jin Won Huh, Heungsup Sung, Kyung-Hyun Do, Sang-Oh Lee, Chae-Man Lim, Younsuck Koh, Sang-Ho Choi
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Yun Woo Lee, So Yun Lim, Jiwon Jung, Min Jae Kim, Yong Pil Chong, Sung-Han Kim, Sang-Oh Lee, Yang Soo Kim, Sang-Ho Choi
Summary: This study evaluated the clinical characteristics and outcomes of Enterococcus raffinosus bacteremia in adults. The study found that E. raffinosus bacteremia mainly originated from biliary tract infection, had high resistance rates to penicillin and ampicillin, but had a low bacteremia-related mortality rate.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Haein Kim, Hyeonji Seo, Hyemin Chung, Sunghee Park, Heungsup Sung, Mi-Na Kim, Seongman Bae, Jiwon Jung, Min Jae Kim, Sung-Han Kim, Sang-Oh Lee, Sang-Ho Choi, Yang Soo Kim, Yong Pil Chong
Summary: The value of follow-up blood culture (FUBC) in the management of Gram-negative bacteremia (GNB) is controversial. This study evaluated bedside risk predictors and found that hemodialysis, fever on the day of FUBCs, intravascular device, no use of in vitro active antibiotic within 24 h, non-fermenting bacteria, and multidrug resistance were independent risk factors for positive FUBCs in GNB. The yield of FUBCs increased as the number of bedside risk predictors increased, and positive FUBCs were significantly associated with 30-day mortality.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Moonsuk Bae, Yunseo Jeong, Seongman Bae, Min Jae Kim, Yong Pil Chong, Sung-Han Kim, Sang-Oh Lee, Sang-Ho Choi, Yang Soo Kim, Jiwon Jung
Summary: The study found that in patients with uncomplicated Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infection, there was no significant difference in recurrence rates or 30-day mortality between short-course and prolonged-course antimicrobial therapy. Prolonged therapy did not significantly reduce the risk of P. aeruginosa infection recurrence within 180 days compared to short-course therapy.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kyung Hwa Jung, Jiwon Jung, Min Jae Kim, Yong Pil Chong, Sang-Oh Lee, Sang-Ho Choi, Yang Soo Kim, Sung-Han Kim
Summary: The study identified hematologic malignancy and ulcerative colitis as independent risk factors for the relapse of gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus disease. Approximately 10% of the participants experienced disease relapse after antiviral treatment. Prolonged antiviral treatment may not be helpful in preventing relapse of GI CMV disease.
Article
Virology
Hyemin Chung, Eunsil Kim, Bomin Kwon, Yeong-Geon Cho, Seongman Bae, Jiwon Jung, Min-Jae Kim, Yong-Pil Chong, Sung-Han Kim, Sang-Oh Lee, Sang-Ho Choi, Yang-Soo Kim
Summary: This study investigated the kinetics of Gn-specific antibodies in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). The results showed that the peak of anti-Gn-specific IgM occurred later than that of anti-NP-specific IgM, and anti-Gn-specific IgG lasted for at least 3 years.
Article
Immunology
Hyeonji Seo, Jeong-Young Lee, Seung Hee Ryu, Sun Hee Kwak, Eun Ok Kim, Seongman Bae, Min Jae Kim, Yong Pil Chong, Sung-Han Kim, Sang-Oh Lee, Sang-Ho Choi, Heungsup Sung, Mi-Na Kim, Yang Soo Kim, Jiwon Jung
Summary: The study suggests that patients with negative CPE culture had lower rates of infection and transmission compared to those with positive CPE culture. The Xpert Carba-R assay is clinically useful not only for rapid identification of CPE but also for predicting the risks of infection and transmission when performed along with culture.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Jin-Young Huh, Sang-Ho Choi, Kyung-Wook Jo, Jin Won Huh, Sang-Bum Hong, Tae Sun Shim, Chae-Man Lim, Younsuck Koh
Summary: This study investigated the risk factors for progression from non-severe Legionella pneumonia (LP) to severe LP. The results showed that a low platelet count and delayed antibiotic treatment were significantly associated with the progression to severe LP from non-severe LP.
ACUTE AND CRITICAL CARE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jiyoung Lee, Euijin Chang, Jiwon Jung, Min Jae Kim, Yong Pil Chong, Sung-Han Kim, Sang -Oh Lee, Sang -Ho Choi, Yang Soo Kim, Seongman Bae
Summary: This study evaluated the rate and composition of bacterial co-infection in COVID-19 patients and assessed the association between the use of empirical antibacterials and mortality. The results showed that bacterial co-infection was infrequent in the patients, and the co-infected organisms varied depending on the previous use of antibacterial drugs.
JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Sang -Ho Choi, Antoni Cesar, Timothy Arthur Chandos Snow, Naveed Saleem, Nishkantha Arulkumaran, Mervyn Singer
Summary: For hospitalized adults with mild-to-moderate community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), respiratory fluoroquinolone monotherapy or β-lactam plus macrolide combination therapy are suggested as first-line options according to guidelines. However, the efficacy of these regimens has not been adequately evaluated.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Yun Woo Lee, Jin Won Huh, Sang-Bum Hong, Jiwon Jung, Min Jae Kim, Yong Pil Chong, Sung-Han Kim, Heungsup Sung, Kyung-Hyun Do, Sang-Oh Lee, Chae-Man Lim, Yang Soo Kim, Younsuck Koh, Sang-Ho Choi
Summary: We investigated the distribution and characteristics of severe Corynebacterium striatum pneumonia in South Korea from 2014 to 2019. The majority of cases were hospital-acquired and more than half of the patients were immunocompromised. The proportion of C. striatum cases among patients with severe hospital-acquired pneumonia increased over time, while methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections decreased. C. striatum was responsible for a significant proportion of severe hospital-acquired pneumonia cases, and the mortality rates were high, similar to those caused by MRSA. This pathogen is emerging as a possible cause of severe pneumonia, especially among immunocompromised patients.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Hyeonji Seo, Haein Kim, Seongman Bae, Seonghee Park, Hyemin Chung, Heung-Sup Sung, Jiwon Jung, Min Jae Kim, Sung-Han Kim, Sang-Oh Lee, Sang-Ho Choi, Yang Soo Kim, Ki Young Son, Yong Pil Chong
Summary: This study found no significant differences in clinical deterioration between patients treated with fluvoxamine and placebo among adult patients with symptomatic COVID-19 admitted to the CTC. Factors such as age, fever, and pneumonia may be independent risk factors for clinical deterioration.
INFECTION AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Seong-Ho Choi, Jeongsoo Lee, Jiwon Jung, Eun Sil Kim, Min Jae Kim, Yong Pil Chong, Sung-Han Kim, Sang-Oh Lee, Sang-Ho Choi, Jun Hee Woo, Yang Soo Kim
Summary: This study investigated the temporal changes in Staphylococcus aureus genotypes causing bacteremia in South Korea over the last decade. Hospital clones ST5 and ST239 have been replaced by community genotype ST72. The decrease in CVC-related and persistent SAB was associated with this genotype shift, while mortality and recurrence rates remained stable. Further research is needed to understand the reasons behind the ST72 epidemic and predict the potential epidemic of ST8 strains, including USA300.
JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2021)