Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yi-Wei Chiang, Chia-Jung Li, Heng-Yi Su, Kai-Ting Hsieh, Chia-Wei Weng, Hui-Wen Chen, Shih-Chung Chang
Summary: The avian influenza A(H7N9) virus has caused numerous cases of human infection since 2013, with a high mortality rate. Monoclonal antibodies F3-2 and 1C6B were successfully generated to specifically detect H7N9 HA, which can be utilized for the detection of H7N9 virus.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Yu Ye, Huiying Fan, Qi Li, Zhen Zhang, Peisi Miao, Jun Zhu, Jie Liu, Jie Zhang, Ming Liao
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the proteome response in Muscovy duck lung tissue during H5N1 avian influenza virus infection. The findings suggest that the infection mechanism and disease progression of H5N1 viruses may be related to specific pathways and protein expressions. The study reveals differences in host immune response between different strains of the H5N1 virus and indicates the involvement of the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway in the host response to H5N1 viruses.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Liyan Wang, Fan Yang, Yixin Xiao, Bin Chen, Fumin Liu, Linfang Cheng, Hangping Yao, Nanping Wu, Haibo Wu
Summary: This study obtained three monoclonal antibodies against influenza virus from mice immunized with the HA protein of A/Michigan/45/2015(H1N1), demonstrating strong preventive and therapeutic effects. Two amino acid mutations were discovered, and one of the antibodies still showed protective efficacy after 24 hours of infection.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Bao Tuan Duong, Duc Duong Than, Ulaankhuu Ankhanbaatar, Delgerzul Gombo-Ochir, Gansukh Shura, Amartuvshin Tsolmon, Chris Ka Pun Mok, Ganzorig Basan, Seon Ju Yeo, Hyun Park
Summary: Several novel highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N6) viruses with mammalian infection markers were reported in Mongolia in 2020. This study isolated and evaluated two new genotypes of A(H5N6) subtype, finding that they were less virulent in mice compared to previously identified H5 human isolates. Additionally, their antigenicity differed from other H5 clade 2.3.4.4 viruses, suggesting the need for continued evaluation and potential vaccine development.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2022)
Letter
Immunology
Jolianne M. Rijks, Hanna Hesselink, Pim Lollinga, Renee Wesselman, Pier Prins, Eefke Weesendorp, Marc Engelsma, Rene Heutink, Frank Harders, Marja Kik Harry Rozendaal, Hans van den Kerkhof, Nancy Beerens
Summary: In the Netherlands, infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus clade 2.3.4.4b was detected in two red fox cubs exhibiting neurological signs, which is related to avian influenza viruses found in wild birds in the same area.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Olivier Duriez, Yohan Sassi, Chloe Le Gall-Ladeveze, Lea Giraud, Robert Straughan, Lise Dauverne, Anna Terras, Thierry Boulinier, Remi Choquet, Anne van de Wiele, Julien Hirschinger, Jean-Luc Guerin, Guillaume Le Loc'h
Summary: A study found that terrestrial birds infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus exhibit immobility behavior during the breeding season, which may reduce the risk of virus transmission. However, these infections pose a threat to endangered vulture species, raising concerns about their resistance to the virus.
Article
Immunology
Manman Dai, Hui Sun, Li Zhao, Qingxin Wu, Bowen You, Fengxiang Xu, Jiayu Liao, Sufang Zhu, Ziwei Li, Yongxiu Yao, Venugopal Nair, Ming Liao
Summary: This study reveals the importance of CD8 high expression cells in the immune response to H5N1 avian influenza virus infection in ducks. These cells show high levels of gene expression related to T cell response, activation, and proliferation, and are capable of mounting effective immune responses to H5N1 avian influenza virus both in vivo and in vitro. These findings provide new insights for the development of effective avian influenza vaccines.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Stephen Moss, Menucha Jurkowicz, Ital Nemet, Nofar Atari, Limor Kliker, Bayan Abd-Elkader, Tal Gonen, Emily Toth Martin, Yaniv Lustig, Gili Regev-Yochay, Michal Mandelboim
Summary: Concurrent administration of COVID-19 and influenza vaccines does not cause immunogenic interference and can enhance immune responses. The study findings have important implications for public health in the 2023-2024 winter season and support the co-administration of both vaccines as an effective immunization strategy.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Zixian Su, Guangying Zhao, Wenchao Dou
Summary: A sensitive and quantitative immunochromatographic assay (ICA) method for detecting avian influenza viruses (AIVs) of the H7 hemagglutinin (HA) antigen was established using highly chromatic red silica nanoparticles (SiNPs). The method can detect two H7 subtypes of influenza viruses, H7N2 and H7N9, with high sensitivity and accuracy. The combination of highly chromatic colored markers with ICA shows great potential for the rapid and quantitative detection of other types of AIVs.
ANALYTICAL METHODS
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Severine Herve, Audrey Schmitz, Francois-Xavier Briand, Stephane Gorin, Stephane Queguiner, Eric Niqueux, Frederic Paboeuf, Axelle Scoizec, Sophie Le Bouquin-Leneveu, Nicolas Eterradossi, Gaelle Simon
Summary: A study conducted in France found that backyard pigs may contract HPAI-H5N8 virus naturally after close contact with contaminated domestic ducks, underscoring the importance of implementing proper biosecurity measures in pig and poultry farms to prevent interspecies transmission of IAV.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ramlah Ramlah, Sri Murtini, Retno Damayanti Soejoedono, Ketut Karuni Nyanakumari Natih, Siti Gusti Ningrum
Summary: This study examined the immune response of chickens in Indonesia to various types of H5N1 subtype AI vaccines and identified factors influencing the post-vaccination AI antibody response. The results showed a significant correlation between antibody titer and the interval between sampling time and the previous vaccination, the number of vaccinations performed, and the age of chicken at the time of sampling. Therefore, vaccination with H5N1 AI vaccine seed can induce immunity with a protective value.
MAKARA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Kalee E. E. Rumfelt, William J. J. Fitzsimmons, Rachel Truscon, Arnold S. S. Monto, Emily T. T. Martin, Adam S. S. Lauring
Summary: A new luciferase microneutralization (LMN) assay was developed, combining the advantages of conventional microneutralization assay with the ease of hemagglutinin inhibition assay. It provides a more feasible, standardized and applicable method for measuring serological responses to influenza vaccination or infection.
INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Varsha Potdar, Megha Brijwal, Rakesh Lodha, Pragya Yadav, Santosh Jadhav, Manohar Lal Choudhary, Aashish Choudhary, Veena Vipat, Nivedita Gupta, Ashok Kumar Deorari, Lalit Dar, Priya Abraham
Summary: An 11-year-old boy with acute myeloid leukemia in New Delhi, India, was treated for severe acute respiratory infection caused by avian influenza A(H5N1). The strain belonged to hemagglutinin gene clade 2.3.2.1a and was found to be susceptible to amantadine and neuraminidase inhibitors.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mariana Leguia, Alejandra Garcia-Glaessner, Breno Munoz-Saavedra, Diana Juarez, Patricia Barrera, Carlos Calvo-Mac, Javier Jara, Walter Silva, Karl Ploog, Lady Amaro, Paulo Colchao-Claux, Christine K. Johnson, Marcela M. Uhart, Martha I. Nelson, Jesus Lescano
Summary: Highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 viruses have invaded the Americas and pose a threat to wildlife, poultry, and humans. The HPAI/H5N1 viruses in Peru have genetic reassortment between Eurasian and American lineages, emphasizing the need for surveillance and control measures.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Luca Bordes, Sandra Vreman, Rene Heutink, Marit Roose, Sandra Venema, Sylvia B. E. Pritz-Verschuren, Jolianne M. M. Rijks, Jose L. Gonzales, Evelien A. A. Germeraad, Marc Engelsma, Nancy Beerens
Summary: During the 2020 to 2022 epizootic of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI), infections of HPAI H5N1 were found in three wild red foxes in the Netherlands. The viruses were mainly detected in the brain and showed limited shedding in the respiratory tract. Genetic analysis revealed a mammalian adaptation mutation in the virus, which enhanced its replication in mammalian cells. However, more mutations are needed for efficient transmission between mammals. Therefore, surveillance in mammals is crucial for pandemic preparedness.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Suman Das Gupta, Md. Ahasanul Hoque, Guillaume Fournie, Joerg Henning
Summary: The study in Bangladesh examined the infection patterns of H5N1 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses in different chicken farming systems. While H5 antibodies were detected in unvaccinated birds in all farming systems, H5 and H9 virus circulation was found to be low among healthy chickens. The results can inform risk-based surveillance and mathematical models to understand the dynamics of HPAI infection in poultry.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Suman Das Gupta, Guillaume Fournie, Md. Ahasanul Hoque, Joerg Henning
Summary: The study found that farmers from different chicken production systems have different decision-making processes regarding the adoption of HPAI prevention and control measures. Commercial farmers are more influenced by the benefits of measures, while backyard farmers are more influenced by perceived barriers. Information provided through media, meetings or information campaigns plays an important role in influencing farmers' decision-making in all production systems.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
C. Turni, J. Meers, K. Parke, R. Singh, S. Yee, J. Templeton, N. K. Mone, P. J. Blackall, T. S. Barnes
Summary: This study analyzed lung samples from 46 batches of pigs representing 46 farms in Queensland, Australia, and found that pathogens such as Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Streptococcus suis, and Porcine Circovirus type 2 were prevalent. The high percentage of batches infected with these pathogens suggests synergistic interactions may have resulted in pleurisy.
AUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
R. E. Tarlinton, J. Fabijan, F. Hemmatzadeh, J. Meers, H. Owen, N. Sarker, J. M. Seddon, G. Simmons, N. Speight, D. J. Trott, L. Woolford, R. D. Emes
Summary: Genetic analysis revealed significant differences in gene expression and SNP frequency between northern and southern Australian koalas, highlighting potential genetic basis for common disorders in the latter population. Further research into these genetic differences is needed to better understand and manage the health of southern koalas.
CONSERVATION GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Glenn A. Marsh, Alexander J. McAuley, Gough G. Au, Sarah Riddell, Daniel Layton, Nagendrakumar B. Singanallur, Rachel Layton, Jean Payne, Peter A. Durr, Hannah Bender, Jennifer A. Barr, John Bingham, Victoria Boyd, Sheree Brown, Matthew P. Bruce, Kathie Burkett, Teresa Eastwood, Sarah Edwards, Tamara Gough, Kim Halpin, Jenni Harper, Clare Holmes, William S. J. Horman, Petrus Jansen van Vuren, Suzanne Lowther, Kate Maynard, Kristen D. McAuley, Matthew J. Neave, Timothy Poole, Christina Rootes, Brenton Rowe, Elisha Soldani, Vittoria Stevens, Cameron R. Stewart, Willy W. Suen, Mary Tachedjian, Shawn Todd, Lee Trinidad, Duane Walter, Naomi Watson, Trevor W. Drew, Sarah C. Gilbert, Teresa Lambe, S. S. Vasan
Summary: The study demonstrated that the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine candidate has a significant reduction in viral loads against SARS-CoV-2 without any observable adverse events. Additionally, the potential of intranasal administration was indicated as a way to further improve the efficacy of this leading vaccine candidate.
Review
Virology
Amandine Gamble, Yao Yu Yeo, Aubrey A. Butler, Hubert Tang, Celine E. Snedden, Christian T. Mason, David W. Buchholz, John Bingham, Hector C. Aguilar, James O. Lloyd-Smith
Summary: Syncytium formation, a hallmark of viral infection, is poorly understood in terms of virus dissemination and pathogenicity. Studies on henipaviruses have shed light on the mechanisms driving syncytium formation, but also highlighted data gaps in understanding its role in virus pathogenesis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Flavia Santamaria, Christopher K. Barlow, Rolf Schlagloth, Ralf B. Schittenhelm, Rupert Palme, Joerg Henning
Summary: The koala is an arboreal folivorous marsupial endemic to Australia. Due to threats from anthropogenic activities and climate change, a non-invasive method was used in this study to objectively measure stress in koalas, revealing tetrahydrocortisol as the main faecal cortisol metabolite.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ka Y. Yuen, Natalie S. Fraser, Joerg Henning, Kim Halpin, Justine S. Gibson, Lily Betzien, Allison J. Stewart
Summary: Hendra virus (HeV) remains a serious public health concern, with symptoms including frothy nasal discharge and ataxia. The Equivac (R) HeV vaccine is the most effective preventive measure, protecting horses and humans from infection.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Flavia Santamaria, Rolf Schlagloth, Rupert Palme, Joerg Henning
Summary: This study highlights the importance of considering the suitability of faecal field samples for FCM analysis, with water loss being the main driver of FCM changes. Freshly defecated koala pellets are recommended for collection despite potential challenges in obtaining them, as environmental conditions can impact FCM stability.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gough G. Au, Glenn A. Marsh, Alexander J. McAuley, Suzanne Lowther, Lee Trinidad, Sarah Edwards, Shawn Todd, Jennifer Barr, Matthew P. Bruce, Timothy B. Poole, Sheree Brown, Rachel Layton, Sarah Riddell, Brenton Rowe, Elisha Soldani, Willy W. Suen, Jemma Bergfeld, John Bingham, Jean Payne, Peter A. Durr, Trevor W. Drew, Seshadri S. Vasan
Summary: This study investigated the infection of SARS-CoV-2 in ferrets and found that the virus replicated in the upper respiratory tract with consistent shedding in nasal wash and oral swab samples. Infectious SARS-CoV-2 was detected in various tissues within 3-7 days post-challenge, but only viral RNA was found in the trachea, lung, and parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Immunohistochemical staining showed viral antigen exclusively in nasal epithelium and draining lymph nodes. The ferret model used in this study is suitable for studying asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections and is most appropriate for vaccine efficacy studies.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Darryn L. Knobel, Alan C. Jackson, John Bingham, Hildegund C. J. Ertl, Andrew D. Gibson, Daniela Hughes, Kenneth Joubert, Reeta S. Mani, Bert J. Mohr, Susan M. Moore, Hugh Rivett-Carnac, Noel Tordo, James W. Yeates, Anthony B. Zambelli, Charles E. Rupprecht
Summary: Despite the long history of rabies, little progress has been made in finding a treatment for this disease. The prognosis for patients remains bleak. The high cost, required clinical expertise, and uncertain outcomes make it difficult for physicians in rabies endemic areas to provide aggressive critical care. Additionally, the sporadic occurrence of cases hampers systematic clinical research. This perspective suggests using a One Medicine approach to accelerate the development of an effective therapy for rabies by treating naturally infected dogs and studying their response to treatment.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Virology
Ka Y. Yuen, Joerg Henning, Melodie D. Eng, Althea S. W. Wang, Martin F. Lenz, Karen M. Caldwell, Mitchell P. Coyle, Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann
Summary: The seroprevalence of common mosquito-borne virus infections in horses in Australia, as well as the impact of climate change on the epidemiology of these diseases, was investigated in this study. It was found that Ross River virus is the most common arbovirus infection in horses, followed by Barmah Forest virus. The potential use of horses as sentinels for arbovirus monitoring and the cross-reactivity of antibodies between different viruses should be further studied.
Article
Immunology
Daniel S. Layton, Jeffrey Butler, Cameron Stewart, Vicky Stevens, Jean Payne, Christina Rootes, Celine Deffrasnes, Som Walker, Songhua Shan, Tamara J. Gough, Christopher Cowled, Kerri Bruce, Jianning Wang, Katherine Kedzierska, Frank Y. K. Wong, Andrew G. D. Bean, John Bingham, David T. Williams
Summary: The H7N9 avian influenza virus is a low pathogenic strain that causes severe respiratory illness and high mortality rate. It circulates in poultry with little clinical signs, making detection and control difficult. A study found that specific mutations in certain chickens make them more susceptible to the virus.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Lee McMichael, Jennefer Mclean, Jim Taylor, Yissu Martinez, Joanne Meers
Summary: This study investigates the occurrence and causes of cleft palate syndrome in the endangered spectacled flying fox population over the past two decades, revealing that this syndrome leads to the death or abandonment of neonates. It provides an opportunity to further study the etiology of cleft palate in wildlife and has the potential to contribute to biodiversity conservation and comparative veterinary and biomedical outcomes.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Flavia Santamaria, Rolf Schlagloth, Ludovica Valenza, Rupert Palme, Deidre de Villiers, Joerg Henning
Summary: Habitat loss, urbanisation and climate change can cause stress in koalas. Non-invasive monitoring of faecal cortisol metabolites (FCMs) can be used to evaluate the impact of stress. The effectiveness of two enzyme immunoassays (EIAs), 50c and cortisol, in measuring FCM values in wild, stressed koalas was tested. Diseased and injured koalas had significantly higher FCM values than clinically healthy control animals as measured by the 50c EIA. Only the 50c EIA detected higher absolute values in males, and also found that females showed a more elevated response to stress manifested by injury and disease. The cortisol EIA was also found unreliable in detecting stress in rehabilitated koalas treated with synthetic glucocorticoids as it cross-reacts with these chemicals.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2023)
