☆ 4.2 Article

Some Strychnos spinosa (Loganiaceae) leaf extracts and fractions have good antimicrobial activities and low cytotoxicities

BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE (2014)

Journal

BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE

Volume 14, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

BIOMED CENTRAL LTD

DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-456

Keywords

Extracts; Different polarity fractions; Antimicrobial; Antioxidant; Cytotoxicity; Selectivity index; Potentizing extracts

Funding

University of Pretoria to work in the Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science
Nigerian Tertiary Education Training Fund (TETFund) through Ahmadu Bello University Academic Unit

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Abstract

Background: Strychnos spinosa Lam. is a deciduous tree used in traditional medicine to treat infectious diseases. This study is designed to determine the antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of extracts and fractions from leaves of S. spinosa. Methods: Extracts were obtained by maceration with acetone, methanol and dichloromethane/methanol (1/1) while fractions were prepared by liquid-liquid fractionation of the acetone extract. A broth serial microdilution method with tetrazolium violet as growth indicator was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against fungi, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The antioxidant activity was determined using free-radical-scavenging assays, and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide reduction assay was used to determine cytotoxicity. Results: Four extracts and five fractions had good to weak antimicrobial activity with MICs ranging from 0.04 to >1.25 mg/ml against both fungi and bacteria. The chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions had an MIC of 0.08 mg/ml against Aspergillus fumigatus. The n-butanol fraction had an MIC of 0.04 mg/ml against Cryptococcus neoformans. The hexane and chloroform fractions had an MIC of 0.08 mg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus. The antioxidant activities were much lower than that of the positive controls. Except for the alkaloid extract, all the extracts and fractions had free-radical-scavenging activity (IC50 ranging from 33.66 to 314.30 mu g/ml). The cytotoxicity on Vero cells was reasonable to low with LC50 values ranging between 30.56 and 689.39 mu g/ml. Conclusion: The acetone extract and the chloroform fraction had the highest antibacterial activity. By solvent-solvent fractionation it was possible to increase the activity against A. fumigatus and to decrease the cytotoxicity leading to a potentially useful product to protect animals against aspergillosis. Our results therefore support the use of S. spinosa leaves in traditional medicine to treat infectious diseases.

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Antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of four different extracts derived from the aerial parts of Chiliadenus iphinoides

Reem Sbieh, Saad Al-Lahham, Nidal Jaradat

Summary: This study investigated the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic properties of Chiliadenus iphinoides collected from Jenin, Palestine for the first time. The results showed that acetone and hexane extracts had strong anti-proliferative effects mediated via apoptosis. Acetone, hexane, and methanol extracts exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects. Acetone, aqueous, and methanol extracts showed strong antioxidant effects. Interestingly, the aqueous extract could serve as a potential safe source of antioxidant agents and natural preservatives.

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