Journal
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
Volume 88, Issue -, Pages 125-131Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.08.068
Keywords
Municipal wastewater; Wastewater treatment; Energy optimization; Wastewater heat; Anaerobic treatment
Categories
Funding
- Hungarian State
- European Union [TAMOP-4.2.2.A-11/1/KONV-2012-0072]
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This paper discusses some of the major ways in which the energy balance of municipal wastewater systems can be optimized. In Austria, two advanced municipal wastewater treatment plants with nutrient removal are energy self-sufficient. At these plants the total consumption of electric energy is smaller than the energy production by means of Combined Heat and Power (CHP) generation using biogas from anaerobic sludge digestion. By additional measures like the addition of organic waste to the digesters (co-digestion), the use of the thermal energy of the wastewater for space heating and alternative wastewater and waste options using alternative processes, municipal wastewater systems can even become energy-positive. The studies have shown that wastewater treatment plants are capable of reaching up to 180% energy generation compared to the energy needs, while switching from wastewater to cooling water regeneration as the heat source of heat pumps for district heating can offer electricity savings of up to 45%. However, negative effects on the environment like insufficient wastewater treatment or the release of methane gas to the atmosphere have to be avoided. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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