Review
Cell Biology
Gregory J. Konar, Claire Ferguson, Zachary Flickinger, Matthew R. Kent, James G. Patton
Summary: The study has identified the genetic pathways and components required for retina regeneration, as well as the key regulatory events controlling the process. Muller glia are reprogrammed as adult retinal stem cells, while miRNAs are recognized as key gene regulatory molecules in controlling retina regeneration.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Ashley C. Kramer, Katherine Gurdziel, Ryan Thummel
Summary: The study revealed that adult zebrafish have the ability to completely regenerate their retinas through the re-entry of Muller glia into the cell cycle and differentiation into new photoreceptors after intense light exposure. Additionally, the research identified two peaks of MG gliosis, a distinct transcriptional shift between 5- and 10-days post lesion, and different patterns of transcriptional recovery of photoreceptor opsins at 28 days post lesion.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Isabella Palazzo, Levi J. Todd, Thanh V. Hoang, Thomas A. Reh, Seth Blackshaw, Andy J. Fischer
Summary: Muller glia (MG) in mammalian retinas are incapable of regenerating neurons after damage, whereas the MG in lower vertebrates regenerate functional neurons. Identification of cell signaling pathways and gene regulatory networks that regulate MG-mediated regeneration is key to harnessing the regenerative potential of MG. In this study, NFkB signaling was found to play a crucial role in regulating immune cell accumulation and suppressing the neurogenic potential of MG after damage. Inhibition of NFkB enhanced the reprogramming of MG into neuron-like cells. Additionally, TGF beta 2 signaling and suppression of NFI and Id transcription factors were coordinated with NFkB signaling to regulate MG-mediated regeneration.
Article
Cell Biology
Raquel Lourenco, Ana S. Brandao, Jorge Borbinha, Rita Gorgulho, Antonio Jacinto
Summary: This study demonstrates that Yap plays a crucial role in regulating Muller glia response to injury, promoting cell cycle reentry and progenitor cell formation, leading to the differentiation of new photoreceptors in zebrafish retina regeneration.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sergi Angel Bonilla-Pons, Shoma Nakagawa, Elena Garreta Bahima, Alvaro Fernandez-Blanco, Martina Pesaresi, Justin Christopher D'Antin, Ruben Sebastian-Perez, Daniela Greco, Eduardo Dominguez-Sala, Raul Gomez-Riera, Rafael Ignacio Barraquer Compte, Mara Dierssen, Nuria Montserrat Pulido, Maria Pia Cosma
Summary: This study discovered that cell fusion can occur between human müller glia and adult stem cells in the human retina, resulting in partial regeneration of neurons. The results suggest that cell fusion-mediated therapy may be a potential regenerative approach for treating human retinal dystrophies.
Article
Neurosciences
Cuiping Zhou, Xiaoli Zhang, Yuxi Chen, Zihao Lin, Shuqiang Zhang, Zhiqiang Zhang, Lining Cao, Huaijin Guan, Jianfeng Lu, Hui Xu
Summary: Inflammation plays a complex and context-dependent role in retinal regeneration in fish. Different types of immune cells and levels of inflammatory cytokines are present in different retinal regeneration models. Proper levels of inflammation promote the reprogramming and cell cycle re-entry of Muller glia, while excessive inflammation suppresses cell proliferation.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Ophthalmology
K. Eastlake, W. D. B. Lamb, J. Luis, P. T. Khaw, H. Jayaram, G. A. Limb
Summary: Neural cell death is the main cause of blindness in retinal degenerative diseases, with recent stem cell research and the identification of Muller glial cells providing hope for potential therapies. However, there is currently no evidence to suggest that they promote regeneration in humans.
PROGRESS IN RETINAL AND EYE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Developmental Biology
Warren A. Campbell, Allen Tangeman, Heithem M. El-Hodiri, Evan C. Hawthorn, Maddie Hathoot, Sydney Blum, Thanh Hoang, Seth Blackshaw, Andy J. Fischer
Summary: A recent study on chick retinas found that fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are highly expressed and play a role in regulating the function of glial cells and microglia. Inhibition of FABPs leads to transitions of glial cells to reactive states and suppresses the formation of progenitor cells, while inhibition of fatty acid synthase (FASN) increases microglia proliferation and suppresses progenitor cell formation.
Article
Cell Biology
Patrick Boyd, Leah J. Campbell, David R. Hyde
Summary: Zebrafish have the ability to regenerate lost neurons in the retina, which is mediated by Muller glia that divide and produce neuronal precursor cells. The early signals that induce this response are not well understood. Alternative ligands of the Ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor (CNTFR), such as Cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1 (Clcf1) and Cytokine receptor-like factor 1a (Crlf1a), are expressed in Muller glia of the light-damaged retina. These ligands are required for Muller glia proliferation in the damaged retina and have a neuroprotective effect. CLCF1/CRLF1 injection protects against rod photoreceptor cell death and induces rod precursor cell proliferation.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Leah J. Campbell, Joshua S. Hobgood, Meng Jia, Patrick Boyd, Rebecca I. Hipp, David R. Hyde
Summary: The negative regulation of Muller glia proliferation in zebrafish retinal regeneration is mediated by Notch3 and DeltaB.
Article
Neurosciences
Annelies Van Dyck, Ilse Bollaerts, An Beckers, Sophie Vanhunsel, Nynke Glorian, Jessie van Houcke, Tjakko J. van Ham, Lies De Groef, Lien Andries, Lieve Moons
Summary: The study demonstrates that inducing intraocular inflammation can promote axonal regrowth after optic nerve injury in zebrafish. Additionally, acute depletion of microglia and macrophages in the retina compromises optic nerve regeneration, highlighting the importance of altered glial cell interactions in the regenerative process.
Article
Cell Biology
Raquel R. Martins, Mazen Zamzam, Dhani Tracey-White, Mariya Moosajee, Ryan Thummel, Catarina M. Henriques, Ryan B. MacDonald
Summary: Ageing affects the regenerative capacity of Müller glia cells in the retina, but is insufficient to stimulate neurodegeneration. Müller glia cells undergo morphological aberrations and loss of vision with ageing.
Article
Cell Biology
Maria Iribarne, David R. Hyde
Summary: This study investigated the role of microglia in zebrafish retinal regeneration after damage. The researchers found that acute and chronic damage led to different inflammation profiles and regeneration outcomes. Understanding the differences could provide valuable insights for improving therapeutic strategies for repairing injured mammalian tissues.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Matthew R. Kent, Nergis Kara, James G. Patton
Summary: The study explores the mechanisms behind zebrafish retinal regeneration by inhibiting specific GABA(A) receptors and demonstrates the potential to induce mammalian retina regeneration. Inhibition of GABA(A)-rho receptors also triggers retina regeneration, with dual inhibition of both GABA receptor subtypes leading to enhanced regeneration. Gene expression analyses suggest that GABA(A)-rho receptor inhibition induces a canonical retinal regenerative response.
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Lay Khoon Too, Matthew P. Simunovic
Summary: Over the past two decades, significant progress has been made in understanding the functions of glial cells, particularly Muller glia (MG), in retinal homeostasis and regeneration. While MG show regenerative capacity varying across species, their in vivo regenerative potential in mammals, including humans, is limited. Advances in stem cell therapy have shed light on critical mechanisms underlying MG reprogramming in fish, showing promising results when applied to rodents.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Zhijun Li, Xue Yuan, Masaki Arioka, Daniel Bahat, Qiang Sun, Jinlong Chen, Jill A. Helms
Summary: Wnt signaling is crucial for maintaining bone marrow homeostasis, with Wnt-responsive cells playing a key role in bone development and turnover. Utilizing a transgenic mouse model and lineage tracing strategy, it was found that these Wnt-responsive cells become mitotically active and contribute to osseointegration after implant placement. Furthermore, treatment with liposomal WNT3A protein accelerates implant osseointegration in the long bone.
CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
X. Yuan, J. Chen, J. A. Grauer, Q. Xu, L. A. Van Brunt, J. A. Helms
Summary: The fundamental function of epithelial tissue is to act as a barrier regulating interactions between the external environment and the body. Teeth penetrating the oral epithelium have led to the evolution of the junctional epithelium (JE) as a modified barrier. Stem cells in the JE contribute to tissue self-renewal, with potential clinical implications for periodontitis prevention and treatment.
JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
M. Arioka, I. M. Dawid, P. L. Cuevas, B. R. Coyac, B. Leahy, L. Wang, X. Yuan, Z. Li, X. Zhang, B. Liu, J. A. Helms
Summary: Research shows a correlation between the rate of socket healing and the number of Wnt-responsive osteoprogenitor cells and their progeny, with delivery of WNT3A to extraction sockets in osteoporotic animals accelerating socket repair. This study provides new insights into enhancing socket repair with WNT3A post tooth extraction to preserve alveolar ridge dimensions.
JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Ye Tian, Steven J. Sadowsky, John B. Brunski, Xue Yuan, Jill A. Helms
Summary: This study aimed to compare the effects of masticatory loading on peri-implant and periodontal bone remodeling between implants and teeth. The results showed elevated strains and significant bone remodeling around implants. The accumulation of new bone helped reduce strains and stabilize the peri-implant bone.
CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
J. Chen, P. L. Cuevas, J. S. Dworan, I Dawid, H. Turkkahraman, K. Tran, J. Delgado-Calle, T. Bellido, J. P. Gorski, B. Liu, J. B. Brunski, J. A. Helms
Summary: The study explored the roles of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in regulating the morphology and microstructure of craniomaxillofacial bones. The findings indicate that unrestrained Wnt/β-catenin signaling leads to a progressive hyperostotic phenotype with architecturally abnormal and poorly mineralized bone matrix in the face.
JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Luan P. Hatt, Keith Thompson, Jill A. Helms, Martin J. Stoddart, Angela R. Armiento
Summary: Bone tissue engineering has potential for regenerating craniomaxillofacial bones, and 3D printing is a suitable method for creating personalized implants. However, the current clinical implementation of tissue engineering concepts in this field is poor, mainly due to the complexity of the anatomy and biology in the craniomaxillofacial region, as well as the limited relevance of preclinical animal models. There is a lack of appropriate guidelines and standards to address specific craniomaxillofacial pathologies and test the efficacy of biomaterials or tissue engineered constructs. Therefore, it is important to consider critical research aspects in order to develop clinically driven tissue engineered materials for craniomaxillofacial reconstruction.
CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wen-Jun Shen, Chris Still II, Lina Han, Pinglin Yang, Jia Chen, Michael Wosczyna, Benjamin Jean Rene Salmon, Kristy C. Perez, Jingtao Li, Pedro L. Cuevas, Bo Liu, Salman Azhar, Jill Helms, Lei S. Qi, Fredric B. Kraemer
Summary: There is an inverse relationship between the differentiation of MSCs along adipocyte or osteoblast lineages mediated by PPAR gamma and Runx2. HSL knockout in mice improved fracture repair and enhanced MSC differentiation and recruitment, while inhibiting HSL. This study highlights the potential role of HSL in bone injury repair and the importance of pre-osteoclasts and osteoclasts.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anette Wu, Radhika Patel, Cecilia Brassett, Sean McWatt, Mandeep G. Sagoo, Richard Wingate, Chung-Liang Chien, Hannes Traxler, Jens Waschke, Franziska Vielmuth, Anna Sigmund
Meeting Abstract
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Joseph Vigoda, Adedeji Adeniyi, Lisl Tudor, Cecilia Brassett, Sean McWatt, Mandeep G. Sagoo, Richard Wingate, Chung-Liang Chien, Hannes Traxler, Jens Waschke, Franziska Vielmuth, Anna Sigmund, Takeshi Sakurai, Yukari Yamada, Mina Zeroual, Jorgen Olsen, Salma El-Batti, Suvi Viranta-Kovanen, Kevin Keay, Shuji Kitahara, Neus Martinez-Abadias, Maria E. Esteban-Torne, Jill Helms, Chiarella Sforza, Nicoletta Gagliano, Madeleine Norris, Derek Harmon, Masato Yasui, Midori Ichiko, Sammi Lee, Shaina Reid, Ariella Lang, Carol Kunzel, Michael Joseph, Leo Buehler, Mark Hardy, Snehal Patel, Paulette Bernd, Heike Kielstein, William Stewart, Anne Kellett, Anette Wu, Geoffroy Noel
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Pavla Ticha, Igor Pilawski, Jill A. Helms
Summary: This study compares the rate of reparative osteogenesis in different types of implant sites using a mini pig model. The findings suggest that the mechanisms and rates of bone regeneration are equivalent between fresh extraction sockets and osteotomies, but the volume of new bone required for socket filling is significantly greater than that for osteotomy filling.
JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Oded Bahat, Xing Yin, Stefan Holst, Ion Zabalegui, Eva Berroeta, Javier Perez, Peter Woehrle, Norbert Soergel, John Brunski, Jill A. Helms
Summary: The study aims to assess the efficiency, ease-of-use, and general performance of a novel osseoshaping tool based on first-user clinical experiences. The results show that the tool is easy to handle and meets the surgical requirements, improving the ability to preserve important structures and simplifying the surgical procedure.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Benjamin R. Coyac, Benjamin J. Wolf, Daniel J. Bahat, Masaki Arioka, John B. Brunski, Jill A. Helms
Summary: This study found that compared to autografts, bone graft substitutes (BGSs) are bioinert and lack osteoprogenitor cells, resulting in slower consolidation. However, the researchers discovered that treating BGSs with a pro-osteogenic protein called liposomal WNT3A (L-WNT3A) can accelerate the consolidation process, leading to faster new bone formation comparable to autografts. The use of WNT-treated BGSs may be superior to autografts for sinus augmentation due to their resistance to resorption.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY
(2022)
Correction
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wen-Jun Shen, Chris Still, Lina Han, Pinglin Yang, Jia Chen, Michael Wosczyna, Thomas A. Rando, Benjamin Jean Rene Salmon, Kristy C. Perez, Jingtao Li, Pedro L. Cuevase, Bo Liu, Salman Azhar, Jill Helms, Lei S. Qi, Fredric B. Kraemer
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yee Nip, Sean R. Bennett, Andrew A. Smith, Takako Jones, Peter L. Jones, Stephen J. Tapscott
Summary: Human DUX4 and its mouse ortholog Dux are normally expressed in the early embryo and activate a portion of the first wave of zygotic gene expression. FSHD-causing mutations result in aberrant expression of DUX4 in skeletal muscle, leading to muscle pathology. This study identifies pig DUXC mRNA expressed in early development and shows that both pig DUXC and human DUX4 activate a similar early embryonic program in pig muscle cells, suggesting pig models for FSHD research.
HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Balazs Feher, Carina Kampleitner, Patrick Heimel, Stefan Tangl, Jill A. Helms, Ulrike Kuchler, Reinhard Gruber
Summary: This study assessed the function of osteocyte-derived RANKL in bone graft remodeling. The results suggest that RANKL plays an important role in stimulating bone resorption activity.
CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH
(2023)
