Article
Virology
Connor A. P. Scott, Alberto A. Amarilla, Summa Bibby, Natalee D. Newton, Roy A. Hall, Jody Hobson-Peters, David A. Muller, Keith J. Chappell, Paul R. Young, Naphak Modhiran, Daniel Watterson
Summary: The study revealed that immunization with partially mature bDENV-2 generated stronger immune responses and better protection against homotypic DENV-2 challenge in mice. Additionally, mature bDENV-2 vaccinated mice showed reduced in vitro ADE at subneutralising serum concentrations, suggesting potential safety benefits of mature DENV-based vaccines.
Article
Immunology
Adam D. Wegman, Hengsheng Fang, Alan L. Rothman, Stephen J. Thomas, Timothy P. Endy, Michael K. McCracken, Jeffrey R. Currier, Heather Friberg, Gregory D. Gromowski, Adam T. Waickman
Summary: Dengue virus infection may lead to antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), but research shows that DENV-specific IgA can neutralize DENV without triggering ADE. This suggests that levels of DENV-specific IgA induced by infection may regulate the overall IgG-mediated ADE activity of immune plasma, and could serve as a predictor of disease risk.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Francesca Falconi-Agapito, Karen Kerkhof, Xiomara Merino, Johan Michiels, Marjan Van Esbroeck, Koen Bartholomeeusen, Michael Talledo, Kevin K. Arien
Summary: Dengue is a major public health problem in tropical and sub-tropical regions worldwide. Due to the high antigenic resemblance among the flavivirus family, serology-based diagnosis of dengue has become more problematic. A study using peptide microarray technology revealed that IgG antibody responses were broader in secondary infections, while IgM antibody responses were higher in primary infections.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Qier Chen, Rong Li, Bolin Wu, Xu Zhang, Hui Zhang, Ran Chen
Summary: Dengue fever, caused by the dengue virus, is a global health threat. Developing a safe and effective vaccine is challenging due to antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). Researchers have successfully developed a tetravalent nanoparticle vaccine that induces potent immune responses and protects against DENV-2 and DENV-3 challenges in mice.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fanfan Zhao, Yongfen Xu, Na Liu, Dawei Lv, Yujie Chen, Zhi Liu, Xia Jin, Mingbing Xiao, Dimitri Lavillette, Jin Zhong, Ralf Bartenschlager, Gang Long
Summary: This study developed a rigorous method to study extracellular vesicles (EVs) from Zika virus (ZIKV)-infected cells. The EVs did not transmit infection, but displayed abundant E proteins which have an antigenic landscape similar to that of virions. These results suggest that modulation of E protein release via virions and EVs may present a new approach to regulating flavivirus-host interactions.
Review
Virology
Guntur Fibriansah, Xin-Ni Lim, Shee-Mei Lok
Summary: The four serotypes of dengue virus exhibit different morphologies, such as compact spherical, bumpy spherical, and non-spherical clubshape morphologies. The inefficient maturation process leads to the presence of partially immature but infectious viral particles that have different antigenicity profiles. Understanding the molecular determinants and environmental conditions that induce morphological changes in the virus, as well as how potent antibodies interact with these particles, is crucial for designing effective therapeutics or vaccines. Multiple techniques have been used to investigate the structural changes in DENV, revealing key residues and interactions playing important roles in these changes.
Article
Virology
Yingshuo Ma, Man Li, Lyu Xie, Na Gao, Dongying Fan, Kaihao Feng, Yao Yao, Yong Zhou, Ziyang Sheng, Hongning Zhou, Hui Chen, Jing An
Summary: This study investigated the dynamic changes of DENV-specific antibodies and the risk of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) caused by secondary infection with different serotypes of dengue virus (DENV) in dengue fever patients. The results showed a gradual decrease in DENV-specific antibodies and neutralizing antibody titers after DENV infection, which may increase the risk of ADE. The risk of ADE was positively associated with the extension of convalescent phase, with higher odds ratio in DENV-4 infection. However, with the recovery period lengthened, the risk of secondary infection with DENV-1 and DENV-2 was reduced.
Article
Immunology
Yanqun Xu, Yong He, Sanaz Momben-Abolfath, Devin Vertrees, Xiaohong Li, Malgorzata G. Norton, Evi Budo Struble
Summary: The Fc receptor plays a crucial and overlooked role in Zika virus infection, with anti-Zika antibodies exhibiting non-monotonous neutralization effects. Understanding this mechanism is important for prophylaxis and therapy for pregnant women.
Review
Immunology
Yean Kong Yong, Won Fen Wong, Ramachandran Vignesh, Indranil Chattopadhyay, Vijayakumar Velu, Hong Yien Tan, Ying Zhang, Marie Larsson, Esaki M. Shankar
Summary: This study reviews the latest research progress in understanding the immunopathogenesis of dengue and provides suggestions for targeted strategies against dengue.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Darrell O. Ricke
Summary: The severity and stages of COVID-19 vary, with different pathological processes such as cytokine storms, ARDS, etc., and the development of related vaccines is hindered by vaccine-induced enhanced disease responses.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Koshiro Tabata, Yukari Itakura, Shinsuke Toba, Kentaro Uemura, Mai Kishimoto, Michihito Sasaki, Jessica J. Harrison, Akihiko Sato, William W. Hall, Roy A. Hall, Hirofumi Sawa, Yasuko Orba
Summary: This study evaluated the antigenic similarity among ISFVs and MBFVs using PSFV and BJV immune sera, showing that PSFV has greater cross-reactivity with MBFVs than BJV. Lineage II ISFV antisera were rarely observed to neutralize MBFVs.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Animesh Sarker, Nidhi Dhama, Rinkoo Devi Gupta
Summary: Dengue is a common viral infection transmitted by mosquitoes in tropical countries. While the initial infection is usually mild, secondary infections can be severe and potentially fatal. The antibodies produced in response to vaccination or primary infection are often weakly neutralizing and can increase the risk of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) during subsequent infections.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Szu-Chia Hsieh, Wen-Yang Tsai, Jih-Jin Tsai, Mars Stone, Graham Simmons, Michael P. Busch, Marion Lanteri, Susan L. Stramer, Angel Balmaseda, Eva Harris, Wei-Kung Wang
Summary: The study highlights the need for better serological tests to distinguish past ZIKV, DENV, and other flavivirus infections, and improve vaccine strategies in endemic regions where interactions between these viruses are critical.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Obdulio Garcia-Nicolas, Philip V'kovski, Ferdinand Zettl, Gert Zimmer, Volker Thiel, Artur Summerfield
Summary: The study demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV do not infect human monocyte-derived macrophages or induce inflammatory responses in these cells. Serum from convalescent COVID-19 patients also does not enhance SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further research is needed to understand the potential contribution of antibodies-virus complexes with other cells expressing FcR receptors.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Jyoti Sawant, Ajit Patil, Swarali Kurle
Summary: Antibody Dependent Enhancement (ADE) is a phenomenon of interest in the study of various viruses, as it is associated with disease severity. ADE is mediated by non-neutralizing antibodies, sub-neutralizing antibodies, or cross-reactive non-neutralizing antibodies. Treatments like plasma therapy, B cell immunizations, and antibody therapies can trigger ADE, hindering vaccine development. This review discusses the involvement of Fc receptors, the complement system, and innate antiviral signaling pathways in ADE, as well as the impact of ADE on viral replication.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Darren Z. L. Mok, Candice Yuen Yue Chan, Eng Eong Ooi, Kuan Rong Chan
Summary: The COVID-19 crisis has led to a global pandemic affecting millions of individuals, with elderly patients and those with comorbidities at highest risk. Host protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection relies on resistance and disease tolerance mechanisms. Aging may disrupt host defense mechanisms and understanding these molecular mechanisms could provide new approaches for severe COVID-19 treatment.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Richard Huang, Melissa Huestis, Esther Shuyi Gan, Eng Eong Ooi, Michael Ohh
Summary: Research has shown that viruses can manipulate HIF to promote infection, while HIF is also associated with the host immune system and response to viral infections. Recent studies focus on the role of the hypoxic response pathway and HIF in emerging viral infectious diseases, discussing potential antiviral therapeutic strategies targeting the HIF signaling axis.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Esther S. Gan, Ayesa Syenina, Martin Linster, Benson Ng, Summer L. Zhang, Satoru Watanabe, Ravisankar Rajarethinam, Hwee Cheng Tan, Gavin J. D. Smith, Eng Eong Ooi
Summary: The global spread of SARS-CoV-2 has led to millions falling ill with COVID-19 and suffering economic consequences. Research has focused on finding animal models that mimic the disease seen in COVID-19 cases, with some showing mild to moderate pulmonary disease and mortality linked to central nervous system symptoms. Isolating SARS-CoV-2 variants with different infection tendencies suggests potential for replicating specific features of COVID-19 for vaccine and therapeutic testing.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Noah Fongwen, Isabelle Delrieu, Leong Hoe Ham, Duane J. Gubler, Anna Durbin, Eng-Eong Ooi, Rosanna W. Peeling, Stefan Flasche, Kenneth Hartigan-Go, Sam Clifford, Carlos Torres Martinez, Xavier de Lamballerie, Till Barnighausen, Annelies Wilder-Smith
Summary: The implementation strategies for the use of the dengue vaccine CYD-TDV are being adjusted, including reducing the number of doses, expanding the age range and indication, developing school-based vaccination plans, etc. Challenges remain, such as communicating the limitation of vaccine use to seropositive individuals, economic affordability in different countries, government commitment, and community acceptance.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Charlotte Flory, Kitti Wing Ki Chan, Amanda Makha Bifani, Milly Ming Ju Choy, Julien Lescar, Eng Eong Ooi, Norbert Tautz, Subhash G. Vasudevan
Summary: The study investigates the importance of the Val266 residue in the NS5 protein and its impact on Zika virus, with mutational analysis revealing strong positive selection for residue Val266 through serial passaging.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Editorial Material
Immunology
David R. Martinez, Eng Eong Ooi
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sai Wang, Kitti Wing Ki Chan, Min Jie Alvin Tan, Charlotte Flory, Dahai Luo, Julian Lescar, Jade K. Forwood, Subhash G. Vasudevan
Summary: This study reveals the interaction between the nonstructural protein NS5 and the stem-loop A (SLA) in the 5' UTR, as well as the top-loop of 3' SL in the 3' UTR during flavivirus RNA replication. The conserved arginine 888 of DENV2 NS5 plays a crucial role in virus viability and de novo initiation of RNA polymerase activity.
Article
Immunology
Nguyen Lam Vuong, Ka-Wai Cheung, Balamurugan Periaswamy, Tran Thuy Vi, Huynh Thi Le Duyen, Yan Shan Leong, Zayanah Noor Binte Hamis, Michaela Gregorova, Eng Eong Ooi, October Sessions, Laura Rivino, Sophie Yacoub
Summary: Patients with severe dengue exhibit higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers, impaired NK cell function, and genetic variations in genes related to NK cell cytolytic function. These hyperinflammatory features are associated with dengue severity.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Eng Eong Ooi, Arti Dhar, Richard Petruschke, Camille Locht, Philippe Buchy, Jenny Guek Hong Low
Summary: COVID-19 vaccines are effective and important in controlling the ongoing pandemic, but concerns about vaccine side effects may affect vaccine uptake. The impact of analgesics/antipyretics on vaccine immunogenicity and reactogenicity is uncertain, with limited data available. However, current evidence from clinical trials and recommendations from public health bodies suggest that short-term use of non-prescription doses of analgesics/antipyretics is unlikely to affect vaccine-induced immunity.
Review
Ecology
Ronger Zheng, Qiqi Wang, Runbiao Wu, Prasad N. Paradkar, Ary A. Hoffmann, Guan-Hong Wang
Summary: Mosquito-borne diseases like dengue and malaria pose a significant global health burden. Current strategies aimed at controlling these disease vectors are only moderately effective. Understanding and manipulating the interaction between mosquitoes and their resident microbiota could lead to new disease control strategies.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kitti Wing Ki Chan, Amanda Makha Bifani, Satoru Watanabe, Milly M. Choy, Eng Eong Ooi, Subhash G. Vasudevan
Summary: This study identifies specific variants of the Zika virus in the mouse brain that are associated with neuropathogenicity, suggesting these variants may serve as predictors of severe epidemics.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Nattachai Srisawat, Duane J. Gubler, Tikki Pangestu, Usa Thisyakorn, Zulkifli Ismail, Daniel Goh, Maria Rosario Capeding, Lulu Bravo, Sutee Yoksan, Terapong Tantawichien, Sri Rezeki Hadinegoro, Kamran Rafiq, Valentina Sanchez Picot, Eng Eong Ooi
Summary: The 5th Asia Dengue Summit was held in Singapore from 13 to 15 June 2022. It brought together dengue experts, Ministry of Health representatives, and international organizations to discuss the growing threat of dengue and strategies for its control. With over 270 speakers and delegates from 14 countries, the summit highlighted the importance of multisectoral collaboration in combating dengue.
TROPICAL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Eng Eong Ooi, Shirin Kalimuddin
Summary: The current quest for an effective dengue vaccine has resulted in two approved vaccines and another that has completed phase 3 clinical trials. However, shortcomings exist in each of these vaccines, suggesting that our knowledge on dengue immunity was incomplete when developing them. The findings from vaccine trials indicate that neutralizing antibodies alone may not be sufficient to provide protection against symptomatic infection, highlighting the importance of cellular immunity. These findings have implications for both the development of future dengue vaccines and the optimal application of existing vaccines for public health benefit.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Virology
Amanda M. Bifani, Hwee Cheng Tan, Milly M. Choy, Eng Eong Ooi
Summary: The expansion of dengue viruses and their mosquito vectors has affected more than half of the global population, including older adults who have a higher risk of severe dengue. The contribution of aging to increased dengue pathogenesis is poorly understood. This study introduces a method of reprogramming cell strains into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and further differentiating them to derive genetically identical cells at different stages of aging. The findings suggest that iPSC-derived cell strains can be used to understand how aging impacts viral pathogenesis.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Nicholas Kim Huat Khoo, Joey Ming Er Lim, Upkar S. Gill, Ruklanthi de Alwis, Nicole Tan, Justin Zhen Nan Toh, Jane E. Abbott, Carla Usai, Eng Eong Ooi, Jenny Guek Hong Low, Nina Le Bert, Patrick T. F. Kennedy, Antonio Bertoletti
Summary: A study found that heterologous vaccine boosting can enhance the quantity and breadth of Spike-specific immune responses in individuals vaccinated with Ad26.COV2.S, while homologous boosting has minimal impact.