Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Young Min Kim, Zahid Hussain, Young Ju Lee, Hyojin Park
Summary: This study identified the relationship between intestinal permeability and post-operative ileus (POI) using an experimental POI model in guinea pigs. Three drugs (mosapride, glutamine, and ketotifen) were repositioned as novel therapeutic agents for POI by investigating their effects on altering permeability and associated mechanisms.
JOURNAL OF NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY
(2021)
Review
Surgery
Emma MacVicar, Fraser Cullen, Stavroula L. Kastora, Craig Parnaby, Craig Mackay, George Ramsay
Summary: The impact of postoperative oral fluid volume intake on gastrointestinal function and ileus in elective colorectal surgery patients remains unclear. Further research in this area is still needed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Ryota Matsui, Kunihiko Nagakari, Moeko Igarashi, Ryosuke Hatta, Tomohiro Otsuka, Jun Nomoto, Shintaro Kohama, Daisuke Azuma, Kazuhiro Takehara, Tomoya Mizuno, Masakazu Ohuchi, Shinichi Oka, Jiro Yoshimoto, Noriyuki Inaki, Masaki Fukunaga, Yoichi Ishizaki
Summary: This study investigated the incidence of post-operative paralytic ileus (POI) and its associated risk factors in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery for colorectal cancer. The results showed that right colon, pre-operative chemotherapy, pre-operative antithrombotic drug, and severe post-operative complications were independent risk factors for POI. Therefore, post-operative management considering the risk of post-operative bowel palsy is necessary for these patients.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yonsoo Kim, Young Min Kim, Jie-Hyun Kim, Young Hoon Youn, Jong Won Kim, Hyojin Park
Summary: Peri-operative inflammatory markers, such as CRP level and NLR, are significantly associated with PPOI after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Preoperative NLR, POD1 NLR, POD3 CRP, and POD3 NLR are identified as independent risk factors for PPOI, indicating their potential as predictive factors for PPOI. Prophylactic antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs may be effective preventive and therapeutic agents for PPOI.
JOURNAL OF NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY
(2021)
Review
Surgery
Cameron I. Wells, Tony G. E. Milne, Sean Ho Beom Seo, Stephen J. Chapman, Ryash Vather, Ian P. Bissett, Greg O'Grady
Summary: Post-operative ileus is a syndrome of impaired gastrointestinal transit following abdominal surgery, lacking effective targeted therapies and hindered by inconsistent definitions. Efforts are needed to develop consensus definitions and outcome measures that reflect the underlying biology and impact on patient outcomes. Further investigation into dysmotility patterns and biomarkers is crucial for diagnosing, monitoring, and stratifying patients with ileus.
ANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Anesthesiology
Anya L. Greenberg, Yvonne M. Kelly, Ankit Sarin, Madhulika G. Varma
Summary: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a pilot intervention for preventing post-operative ileus in patients with newly created ileostomies. The results showed that the intervention significantly reduced the incidence of post-operative ileus and was associated with shorter hospital stay and lower costs.
PERIOPERATIVE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Dimitrios Prassas, Sascha Vaghiri, Dinah Hallmann, Wolfram Trudo Knoefel, Georg Fluegen
Summary: This study identified advanced age as a non-modifiable, patient-related risk factor for postoperative ileus (POI) after anterior resection for rectal cancer. The findings highlight the need for close clinical observation and liberal use of preventive and/or therapeutic measures in elderly patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COLORECTAL DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Emma L. Beamish, Judith Johnson, Barbara Shih, Rebecca Killick, Frank Dondelinger, Ciarra McGoran, Caitlan Brewster-Craig, Albert Davies, Arnab Bhowmick, Rachael J. Rigby
Summary: Loop ileostomy is a common surgical procedure for downstream tissue healing, but the reversal procedure is associated with substantial morbidity. This study investigated the potential influence of delaying ileostomy reversal surgery on clinical and pathological outcomes. The results showed that the length of time a stoma is in place does not impact the likelihood of complications. Microbiota diversity in the functional and defunctioned limb correlated within an individual and was not significantly different between those who experienced complications and those who didn't. Restoring intestinal microbiota numbers prior to reversal surgery may improve clinical outcomes.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Matthew N. Marturano, Vandan Thakkar, Huaping Wang, Kyle W. Cunningham, Cynthia Lauer, Gaurav Sachdev, Samuel W. Ross, Mary M. Jordan, Sean T. Dieffenbaugher, Ronald F. Sing, Bradley W. Thomas
Summary: Intercostal nerve cryoablation is a beneficial adjunctive measure for patients undergoing surgical stabilization of rib fractures, leading to decreased pain, opioid consumption, and hospital length of stay.
INJURY-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE CARE OF THE INJURED
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Charles-Antoine Assenmacher, Matthew Lanza, James C. Tarrant, Kristin L. Gardiner, Eric Blankemeyer, Enrico Radaelli
Summary: Routine manipulation and handling of laboratory mice can cause physical harm and confounding effects on research outcomes. Our study provides a comprehensive overview of the main pathological changes associated with these procedures, with an emphasis on traumatic osteoarticular lesions. Training research personnel on appropriate mouse handling techniques could help reduce the frequency of these lesions and their impact on animal wellbeing and study reproducibility.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Zahid Hussain, Hyojin Park
Summary: Post-operative ileus (POI) is a temporary cessation of gastrointestinal motility after abdominal surgery, which negatively affects quality of life, prolongs hospital stay, and increases socioeconomic costs. The complex mechanism of POI involves neurogenic and inflammatory phases. This review explores the potential mechanisms and factors involved in the pathophysiology of POI, focusing on inflammation and interlinked events such as epithelial barrier dysfunction and dysbiosis. The authors suggest that targeting corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), mast cells, macrophages, and microbiota concurrently could be an efficient approach for POI management.
JOURNAL OF NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Saeed Alborzi, Horace Roman, Elham Askary, Tahereh Poordast, Mahboobeh Hamedi Shahraki, Soroush Alborzi, Alimohammad Keshtvarz Hesam Abadi, Elnaz Hosseini Najar Kolaii
Summary: This study investigated the feasibility, complications, recurrence rate, and infertility outcomes of radical and conservative surgical methods for colorectal endometriosis. The results showed that there were very few short-term or long-term complications in the three different techniques when the choice was correct.
FRONTIERS IN SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Xavier Castel, Jean-Baptiste Pelletier, Benoit Sulpis, David Charier, Benjamin Buhot, Gurschi Mihail, Violette Carlioz, Fanelie Barral-Clavel, Granges Sylvain, Marie-Charlotte Tetard, Francois Vassal
Summary: The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to analyze postoperative complications in different mFI-11 groups after surgery for odontoid fractures in a geriatric population. The study found that an mFI 11 >.27 was strongly and independently associated with serious complications within 1 and 3 months post-surgery, as well as death within 1 month post-surgery. The mFI-11 is a useful tool to assess the risk of postoperative complications for elderly patients.
GLOBAL SPINE JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Jamie R. K. Marland, Mark E. Gray, David J. Argyle, Ian Underwood, Alan F. Murray, Mark A. Potter
Summary: Anastomotic leakage (AL) is a common and dangerous post-operative complication following intestinal resection, often associated with ischemia in the tissue surrounding the anastomosis. A miniature implantable electrochemical oxygen sensor has been developed to continuously monitor tissue oxygenation, providing early identification of AL risk and accurate detection of intestinal ischemia. The sensor demonstrated sensitivity and accuracy in detecting tissue oxygenation changes and proved suitable for continuous monitoring of anastomosis oxygenation over an extended period.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Robin Andlauer, Andreas Wachter, Matthias Schaufelberger, Frederic Weichel, Reinald Kuehle, Christian Freudlsperger, Werner Nahm
Summary: Cranio-maxillofacial surgery can significantly impact the aesthetics of a patient's face, making the decision to undergo surgery difficult. Physicians now have the ability to predict post-operative facial outcomes using surgery planning tools, but existing methods may not provide realistic or lively face predictions. This study proposes a novel approach using a generative adversarial network to modify facial images based on 3D soft-tissue estimations, allowing for more accurate post-operative face predictions without the need for paired clinical data or 3D texture scans.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Panos G. Ziros, Cedric O. Renaud, Dionysios Chartoumpekis, Massimo Bongiovanni, Ioannis G. Habeos, Xiao-Hui Liao, Samuel Refetoff, Peter A. Kopp, Klaudia Brix, Gerasimos P. Sykiotis
Summary: Keap1(KD) mice develop age-dependent diffuse goiter with elevated TSH levels. The precise mechanism accounting for the thyroidal phenotype remains to be elucidated, but it may involve enhanced Tg solubilization and excessive lysosomal Tg degradation.
Article
Cell Biology
Rebecca Broome, Igor Chernukhin, Stacey Jamieson, Kamal Kishore, Evangelia K. Papachristou, Shi-Qing Mao, Carmen Gonzalez Tejedo, Areeb Mahtey, Vasiliki Theodorou, Arnoud J. Groen, Clive D'Santos, Shankar Balasubramanian, Anca Madalina Farcas, Rasmus Siersbaek, Jason S. Carroll
Summary: Depletion of GATA3 in ER-positive breast cancer led to minimal changes in the ER complex, with the major alteration being the reduction of TET2, which played a crucial role in maintaining 5hmC at ER sites and regulating ER target genes.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jamie R. J. Inshaw, Carlo Sidore, Francesco Cucca, M. Irina Stefana, Daniel J. M. Crouch, Mark I. McCarthy, Anubha Mahajan, John A. Todd
Summary: This study identified genetic regions associated with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, with four association signals co-localising between the two diseases in opposite directions, suggesting a complex genetic relationship between them.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aleksandra Lubojemska, M. Irina Stefana, Sebastian Sorge, Andrew P. Bailey, Lena Lampe, Azumi Yoshimura, Alana Burrell, Lucy Collinson, Alex P. Gould
Summary: This study demonstrates that high-fat diet-induced renal lipid droplet accumulation can impair key functions of renal cells. The findings suggest that fatty acid flux through the lipid droplet triglyceride compartment can protect renal cells from harmful effects of excess lipid accumulation. Boosting expression of the lipid droplet resident enzyme adipose triglyceride lipase is sufficient to rescue defects in renal endocytosis, with a requirement for the mitochondrial regulator PGC1 alpha.
Article
Neurosciences
Tingting Zhang, Huan Du, Mariela Nunez Santos, Xiaochun Wu, Mitchell D. Pagan, Lianne Jillian Trigiani, Nozomi Nishimura, Thomas Reinheckel, Fenghua Hu
Summary: This study generated and characterized antibodies specific to each granulin peptide and found that the levels of individual granulin peptides are differently regulated in different tissues. The study also revealed variations in the levels of PGRN and granulin peptides in different brain regions, and showed that the changes in granulin A corresponded to stroke but not demyelination. Furthermore, deficiency of lysosomal proteases and prosaposin affected the ratios between individual granulin peptides.
MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Josefine N. Pedersen, Christine Dalgard, Soren Moller, Louise B. Andersen, Anna Birukov, Marianne Skovsager Andersen, Henrik T. Christesen
Summary: Vitamin D status in early pregnancy is inversely associated with blood pressure in children at 5 years old.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Thomas Reinheckel, Martina Tholen
Summary: For a long time, lysosomes were considered as organelles responsible for garbage disposal within the cell. Recent research, however, has shown that lysosomes also play a crucial role in integrating intracellular and extracellular signals. It has been found that lysosomal enzymes can be released in a way that is compatible with cellular survival, challenging the previous belief that impaired lysosomal membrane integrity leads to cell death. This review discusses the evidence and mechanisms by which lysosomal enzymes, particularly cathepsin proteases, reach unusual destinations within the cell.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Denise M. T. Yu, Stephanie Dauth, Michael B. Margineanu, Valentina Snetkova, Maren Rehders, Silvia Jordans, Klaudia Brix
Summary: This study found that cathepsin expression and activity in the brains of aging mice varies, which may be related to aging processes and diseases. The results provide insight into the potential impact of cathepsin inhibitor therapy for osteoporosis and neurodegenerative diseases in aging individuals.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Gregory Hook, Thomas Reinheckel, Junjun Ni, Zhou Wu, Mark Kindy, Christoph Peters, Vivian Hook
Summary: This review evaluates the effects of deleting the CTSB gene on brain dysfunctions in neurological diseases and aging animal models. The findings suggest that CTSB gene knockout improves behavioral deficits, neuropathology, and biomarkers, supporting CTSB as a rational drug target for treating neurologic disorders.
PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Vaishnavi Venugopalan, Maren Rehders, Jonas Weber, Lisa Rodermund, Alaa Al-Hashimi, Tonia Bargmann, Janine Golchert, Vivien Reinecke, Georg Homuth, Uwe Voelker, Francois Verrey, Janine Kirstein, Heike Heuer, Ulrich Schweizer, Doreen Braun, Eva K. Wirth, Klaudia Brix
Summary: Proteolytic cleavage of thyroglobulin (Tg) and release of thyroid hormone (TH) into circulation rely on TH transporters. The link between Tg-processing cathepsin proteases and TH transporters is independent of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis. In Ctsk(-/-)/Mct8(-/y)/Mct10(-/-) mice, lack of cathepsin K and defects in TH transporters result in persistent Tg proteolysis due to autophagy induction. Insufficient Lat2 protein function in the thyroid gland of these mice is directly linked to autophagy induction.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Lena Hoelzen, Kerstin Syre, Jan Mitschke, Tilman Brummer, Cornelius Miething, Thomas Reinheckel
Summary: This article investigates the role of proteases in breast cancer progression and metastasis. By using genetic screens, the authors identify 252 protease genes involved in breast cancer cell growth, with 9 genes functionally validated. The study also reveals that environmental conditions influence breast cancer cell dependency on certain proteases.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Emilia Neuwirt, Giovanni Magnani, Tamara Cikovic, Svenja Woehrle, Larissa Fischer, Anna Kostina, Stephan Flemming, Nora J. Fischenich, Benedikt S. Saller, Oliver Gorka, Steffen Renner, Claudia Agarinis, Christian N. Parker, Andreas Boettcher, Christopher J. Farady, Rebecca Kesselring, Christopher Berlin, Rolf Backofen, Marta Rodriguez-Franco, Clemens Kreutz, Marco Prinz, Martina Tholen, Thomas Reinheckel, Thomas Ott, Christina J. Gross, Philipp J. Jost, Olaf Gross
Summary: The activation mechanisms of NOD-like receptor (NLR) protein-mediated inflammasomes were investigated. It was discovered that tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), including clinically approved drugs like imatinib and crizotinib, activated the NLRP3 inflammasome. These TKIs caused lysosomal swelling and damage, resulting in cell lysis and activation of NLRP3. This finding suggests a potential off-target effect of TKIs that may contribute to their clinical efficacy or adverse effects.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Claudio Bussi, Tiaan Heunis, Enrica Pellegrino, Elliott M. Bernard, Nourdine Bah, Mariana Silva Dos Santos, Pierre Santucci, Beren Aylan, Angela Rodgers, Antony Fearns, Julia Mitschke, Christopher Moore, James MacRae, Maria Greco, Thomas Reinheckel, Matthias Trost, Maximiliano G. Gutierrez
Summary: This study reveals that limited lysosomal damage leads to changes in the mitochondrial proteome and the modulation of macrophage immunometabolism. It shows that protease leakage from lysosomes triggers a cell death-independent proteolytic remodeling of the mitochondrial proteome in macrophages.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alara Gaye Dogru, Maren Rehders, Klaudia Brix
Summary: Cysteine cathepsins in the thyroid gland play an important role in maintaining sensory and signaling properties for the regulation and homeostasis of thyroid follicles. Inhibition of cysteine peptidases results in the loss of cilia from thyroid cells and the redistribution of G protein-coupled receptors. The study aims to investigate the role of cysteine cathepsins in maintaining primary cilia in human thyroid cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Lena Hoelzen, Jan Mitschke, Claudia Schoenichen, Maria Elena Hess, Sophia Ehrenfeld, Melanie Boerries, Cornelius Miething, Tilman Brummer, Thomas Reinheckel
Summary: This study suggests that proteases can act synergistically with PI3K inhibition in breast cancer cells, leading to enhanced therapeutic outcomes. Through a series of experiments, the researchers identified Usp7, Metap1, and Metap2 as key proteases that exhibit synthetic lethal effects when combined with PI3K inhibitors.