Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Thomas J. Hayman, Peter M. Glazer
Summary: Research on disease treatment has focused on DNA repair pathways, with potential for enhanced efficacy with novel immunotherapies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xingkuan Wang, Yiting Lei, Ke Jiang, Caiping Yan, Jieliang Shen, Weikang Zhao, Chao Xiang, Zhengwei Cai, Yang Song, Lu Chen, Wenguo Cui, Yuling Li
Summary: Microfluidics was used to prepare hyaluronic acid hydrogel microspheres as shells and con-covalently connected the inner core-SS-31 peptide and Wyrgrl peptide co-modified long-circulating liposomes loaded with resveratrol (REV) to the nano-network of microspheres to construct a Mito-Battery that could promote cell energy production and fight inflammation by targeted regulation of MRC functions. The modification of peptide could enhance its cellular uptake and improve the mitochondrial-targeting of Mito-Battery. Furthermore, REV loaded in liposomes could activate SIRT3 protein and synergistically enhance the MRC electron transfer efficiency with SS-31. Mito-Battery effectively delayed the progression of the disease in a rat bone and joint model. Thus, Mito-Battery has great potential in the treatment of degenerative diseases related to MRC dysfunction.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jiawei Li, Huiming Jiang, Zhongyang Lv, Ziying Sun, Chaoqun Cheng, Guihua Tan, Maochun Wang, Anlong Liu, Heng Sun, Hu Guo, Fufei Chen, Zizheng Liu, Yuxiang Fei, Yuan Liu, Rui Wu, Xingquan Xu, Wenjin Yan, Qing Jiang, Dongquan Shi
Summary: This study proposed a new strategy for cartilage regeneration by hyalinizing fibrocartilage through stabilizing the cytoskeleton. The use of docetaxel was found to inhibit cartilage fibrosis and promote the regeneration of hyaline cartilage.
Review
Cell Biology
Maria Shvedunova, Asifa Akhtar
Summary: Lysine acetylation is a crucial protein post-translational modification that plays important roles in cellular and physiological processes. Lysine acetyltransferases and lysine deacetylases regulate gene expression and protein function by controlling acetylation and deacetylation.
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Biomaterials
Jiajia Tang, Chengheng Wu, Zi Qiao, Jinkui Pi, Yusheng Zhang, Fang Luo, Jing Sun, Dan Wei, Hongsong Fan
Summary: In this study, a new concept of a light-powered oriented bioactive scaffold for remote and wireless electrical stimulation has been developed. By combining electrospinning and electrospraying techniques, a highly oriented polycaprolactone (PCL) microfibrous scaffold with co-sprayed bioactive collagen and photoelectric poly-3-hexylthiophene nanoparticles (P3HT NPs) was obtained. The results demonstrate that this scaffold can achieve specific photoelectric conversion effects, promoting the up-regulation of neuronal characteristic factors and the oriented elongation of cells.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY B
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Man Hsin Hung, Ching Wen Chang, Kathy Cheng Wang, Jittiporn Chaisaingmongkol, Mathuros Ruchirawat, Tim F. Greten, Xin Wei Wang
Summary: In this study, the researchers analyzed the purine metabolism pathways in tumor and non-tumor liver tissues of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most lethal cancers globally. The findings showed that purine synthesis genes are upregulated and purine degradation genes are inhibited in HCC tumors. High purine anabolism is associated with specific somatic mutational signatures and leads to dysregulation of DNA damage repairing machinery. Furthermore, high purine anabolism determines the sensitivity of HCC to DDR-targeting agents and correlates with clinical outcomes.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Amruta Naik, Kaitlyn M. Forrest, Oindrila Paul, Yasmine Issah, Utham K. Valekunja, Soon Y. Tang, Akhilesh B. Reddy, Elizabeth J. Hennessy, Thomas G. Brooks, Fatima Chaudhry, Apoorva Babu, Michael Morley, Jarod A. Zepp, Gregory R. Grant, Garret A. Fitzgerald, Amita Sehgal, G. Scott Worthen, David B. Frank, Edward E. Morrisey, Shaon Sengupta
Summary: This study demonstrates an association between circadian rhythms and morbidity from lower respiratory tract infections, including hospitalization and mortality even after adjusting for confounding factors. The disruption of the circadian clock impairs lung organoid’s regenerative capacity, and the circadian clock mediates lung regeneration through distinct pathways. The findings suggest that incorporating circadian rhythms into lung repair and regeneration could lead to novel therapies.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nikita A. Kuznetsov, Lyubov Yu. Kanazhevskaya, Olga S. Fedorova
Summary: Site-specific DNA methylation is crucial in epigenetic regulation of gene expression, while chemical methylation can cause genotoxic modifications. The main pathway for removal of methyl groups in DNA is oxidative demethylation catalyzed by DNA dioxygenases, which share a common mechanism of alkyl group oxidation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elizabeth F. Maughan, Robert E. Hynds, Adam Pennycuick, Ersilia Nigro, Kate H. C. Gowers, Celine Denais, Sandra Gomez-Lopez, Kyren A. Lazarus, Jessica C. Orr, David R. Pearce, Sarah E. Clarke, Dani Do Hyang Lee, Maximillian N. J. Woodall, Tereza Masonou, Katie-Marie Case, Vitor H. Teixeira, Benjamin E. Hartley, Richard J. Hewitt, Chadwan Al Yaghchi, Gurpreet S. Sandhu, Martin A. Birchall, Christopher O'Callaghan, Claire M. Smith, Paolo De Coppi, Colin R. Butler, Sam M. Janes
Summary: This study found cell-intrinsic differences between airway epithelial cells from children and adults in both homeostatic and proliferative states, with pediatric cells showing higher colony formation ability and outcompeting adult cells in cell culture.
Review
Cell Biology
Gundula Roesch, Frank Zaucke, Zsuzsa Jenei-Lanzl
Summary: Osteoarthritis is a common degenerative joint disease characterized by changes in subchondral bone. Early on, there is increased bone resorption, but as the disease progresses, bone formation increases, leading to higher bone density and sclerosis. Recent evidence suggests that the autonomic nervous system plays a role in regulating subchondral bone remodeling in osteoarthritis.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Manon Julien, Rania Ghouil, Ambre Petitalot, Sandrine M. Caputo, Aura Carreira, Sophie Zinn-Justin
Summary: BRCA2 protein plays essential roles in DNA repair, replication protection, and cell division. Pathogenic variants in BRCA2 can lead to genome instability and are associated with breast and/or ovarian cancers. The disordered regions in BRCA2 are predicted to mediate important interactions during DNA repair, mitosis, and meiosis.
Review
Cell Biology
Maria Gonzalez-Santamarta, Corentin Bouvier, Manuel S. Rodriguez, Wendy Xolalpa
Summary: The cell uses posttranslational modifications (PTMs) to control the localization, association with partners, stability, and activity of protein targets, and one of the most dynamic proteins involved in PTMs is Ubiquitin (Ub). Ub and other Ubiquitin-like (UbL) proteins can rebuild the architecture of a protein in a few minutes, changing its properties efficiently. The formation and remodeling of Ub chains are regulated by conjugating and deconjugating enzymes, and occur in response to physiologic and pathologic stimuli.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Veronique Ouellet, Joao Negrao, Amy L. Skibiel, Valerie A. Lantigua, Thiago F. Fabris, Marcela G. Marrero, Bethany Dado-Senn, Jimena Laporta, Geoffrey E. Dahl
Summary: Late-gestation heat stress alters gene expression in the mammary gland, impacting key cellular processes and potentially disrupting mammary gland remodelling by modulating estrogen and prolactin signalling, leading to reduced milk yield in the subsequent lactation. Further research is needed to uncover the mechanisms behind production impairments caused by late-gestation heat stress.
Article
Oncology
Navin R. Mahadevan, Erik H. Knelson, Jacquelyn O. Wolff, Amir Vajdi, Maria Saigi, Marco Campisi, Deli Hong, Tran C. Thai, Brandon Piel, Saemi Han, Bruce B. Reinhold, Jonathan S. Duke-Cohan, Michael J. Poitras, Luke J. Taus, Patrick H. Lizotte, Andrew Portell, Victor Quadros, Alison D. Santucci, Takahiko Murayama, Israel Canadas, Shunsuke Kitajima, Aoi Akitsu, Maya Fridrikh, Hideo Watanabe, Brendan Reardon, Prafulla C. Gokhale, Cloud P. Paweletz, Mark M. Awad, Eliezer M. Van Allen, Ana Lako, Xi-Tao Wang, Benjamin Chen, Fangxin Hong, Lynette M. Sholl, Michael Y. Tolstorukov, Kathleen Pfaff, Pasi A. Janne, Evisa Gjini, Robin Edwards, Scott Rodig, Ellis L. Reinherz, Matthew G. Oser, David A. Barbie
Summary: A subset of SCLC patients exhibit durable response to immune checkpoint blockade by upregulating MHC I after losing neuroendocrine differentiation, which can be enhanced through EZH2 inhibition and STING agonism, leading to immune rejection of SCLC in preclinical models.
Article
Cell Biology
Hao Xu, Susan E. LaFlamme
Summary: Endothelial cells engage with extracellular matrix and basement membrane components through integrins, promoting angiogenesis. Laminin-binding integrins α6β4 and α3β1 have non-redundant roles in this process, affecting cell sprouting, migration, and gene expression differently.