Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mafalda Giovanna Reccia, Floriana Volpicelli, Eirkiur Benedikz, Asa Fex Svenningsen, Luca Colucci-D'Amato
Summary: This study demonstrates that neural stem cells derived from a cell line called A1 possess stem cell properties and can differentiate into different types of neurospheres expressing relevant markers. Withdrawal of specific growth factors can promote the differentiation of A1 cells into high-yield oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, oligodendrocytes derived from Ns-A1 have the ability to form compact myelin in co-culture, indicating their potential as a tool for studying oligodendrocyte pathophysiology and testing new drugs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Karlie N. Fedder-Semmes, Bruce Appel
Summary: Oligodendrocytes produce myelin to insulate and support axons in the vertebrate central nervous system. Akt-mTOR signaling pathway plays a crucial role in promoting myelin sheath growth and stability through regulating translation, highlighting the importance of local translation in controlling myelin sheath growth.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sunil Krishna, Bokun Cheng, Deep R. Sharma, Sunita Yadav, Erin S. Stempinski, Sahil Mamtani, Elisa Shah, Anjali Deo, Trishna Acherjee, Teena Thomas, Xusheng Zhang, Jinghang Zhang, Dumitru A. Iacobas, Praveen Ballabh
Summary: Activation of PPAR-γ enhances myelination and neurological function in preterm rabbits with IVH, but does not reduce hydrocephalus. Treatment with PPAR-γ agonist may enhance myelination and neurological recovery in premature infants with IVH.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Melanie Piller, Inge L. Werkman, Evan A. Brown, Andrew J. Latimer, Sarah Kucenas
Summary: The study found that the ionotropic glutamate receptor subunit GluR4A plays a crucial role in OPC migration and myelination, disruption of which leads to abnormal migration and distribution of OPCs in the spinal cord. Through genetic and pharmacological experiments, it was discovered that voltage-gated calcium channels are downstream of glutamate receptor signaling in OPCs and can rescue migration and myelination defects caused by disrupted glutamate signaling.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Tanya L. Brown, Hirokazu Hashimoto, Lisbet T. Finseth, Teresa L. Wood, Wendy B. Macklin
Summary: The actin regulator PAK1 promotes oligodendrocyte morphologic changes and myelin production, influencing communication within the CNS.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Ana Palma, Juan Carlos Chara, Alejandro Montilla, Amaia Otxoa-de-Amezaga, Francisca Ruiz-Jaen, Anna M. Planas, Carlos Matute, Alberto Perez-Samartin, Maria Domercq
Summary: Abnormalities in myelination are associated with behavioral and cognitive dysfunction in neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders. Clemastine, a drug that promotes myelination, has complex effects on myelin development during the developmental process. The study found that clemastine treatment increased oligodendrocyte differentiation but decreased conduction velocity and myelin thickness in the corpus callosum. Additionally, the population of microglia cells and insulin growth factor-1 levels decreased in clemastine-treated mice.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Tomohiro Torii, Tomohiro Miyasaka, Hiroaki Misonou
Summary: This review article discusses the presence of tau in oligodendrocytes and its potential impact on oligodendrocyte function. The study shows that the expression levels of tau significantly change in hypomyelination models and in demyelination regions.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Lauren Rose Hirschfeld, Shannon L. Risacher, Kwangsik Nho, Andrew J. Saykin
Summary: This literature review investigates the significant overlap between myelin-repair signaling pathways and pathways known to contribute to hallmark pathologies of Alzheimer's disease, and discusses therapeutic targets and potential research directions.
TRANSLATIONAL NEURODEGENERATION
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Carlie L. Cullen, Megan O'Rourke, Shannon J. Beasley, Loic Auderset, Yilan Zhen, Renee E. Pepper, Robert Gasperini, Kaylene M. Young
Summary: Primary cilia play a crucial role in the myelination process of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, with their assembly regulated by the gene Kif3a. Deletion of Kif3a leads to decreased OPC proliferation and oligodendrogenesis, affecting fine motor coordination in specific brain regions.
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
M. P. Madrigal, B. Ballester-Lurbe, O. Gomez, J. A. Moreno-Bravo, E. Puelles, S. Jurado, J. M. Garcia-Verdugo, I. Perez-Roger, Jose Terrado
Summary: Rnd3 is a protein involved in oligodendrocyte maturation, with potential roles in the development of the central nervous system and demyelinating diseases. Its absence leads to hypomyelination, reduced oligodendrocyte numbers, and thinner myelin sheaths in mice, indicating its crucial role in myelination.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2022)
Article
Biology
Sinisa Pajevic, Dietmar Plenz, Peter J. Basser, R. Douglas Fields, Inna Slutsky
Summary: This article discusses the role of myelin plasticity in neural signal synchronization and proposes a mathematical model that explains how oligodendrocytes use feedback mechanisms to achieve synchronization. The results show that the model can efficiently synchronize correlated signals within a specific time range and at low firing rates.
Review
Immunology
Meihui Xu, Chi Ma, Ming Dong, Chunjie Guo, Simin Yang, Yue Liu, Xu Wang
Summary: This study aims to characterize the clinical symptoms, MRI findings, and prognosis of adult cerebral cortical encephalitis (CCE) with anti-MOG antibody. Two adult cases of CCE with anti-MOG antibody were presented and a systematic review of the literature was conducted. The majority of patients had a favorable prognosis after treatment, highlighting the importance of early detection and immunotherapy in improving outcomes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Jiayue Hong, Julia M. Kirkland, Jenica Acheta, Leandro N. Marziali, Brianna Beck, Haley Jeanette, Urja Bhatia, Grace Davis, Jacob Herron, Clemence Roue, Charly Abi-Ghanem, M. Laura Feltri, Kristen L. Zuloaga, Marie E. Bechler, Yannick Poitelon, Sophie Belin
Summary: In this study, the importance of YAP and TAZ in oligodendrocyte function was investigated. Deletion of these mechanotransducers in adult oligodendroglial cells did not affect animal viability or OL maturation and myelination. However, YAP and TAZ were found to play a critical role in the capacity of OLs to remyelinate axons, particularly during the early stage of repair.
Review
Cell Biology
Weida Shen, Jelena Bogdanovic Pristov, Paola Nobili, Ljiljana Nikolic
Summary: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder with approximately 30% of patients being resistant to current medications. Recent research suggests that the role of glial cells in epilepsy should be considered, as their supportive roles and interaction with neurons are disrupted in epileptic brains. Dysfunction of glial cells, such as astroglial potassium channels, water channels, gap junctions, glutamate transporters, purinergic signaling, synaptogenesis, microglial inflammatory cytokines, microglia-astrocyte interactions, and oligodendroglial potassium channels, may contribute to abnormal neuronal activity and can be potential targets for new anti-epileptic drugs.
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Tomohiro Torii, Yuki Miyamoto, Rinaho Nakata, Yuto Higashi, Yohei Shinmyo, Hiroshi Kawasaki, Tomohiro Miyasaka, Hiroaki Misonou
Summary: In this study, the expression pattern of Tau protein in oligodendrocyte lineage was investigated. Tau was found to be expressed in mature oligodendrocytes, but not in oligodendrocyte progenitors and immature pre-oligodendrocytes. Moreover, Tau expression occurred after the peak of myelination, suggesting its role in oligodendrocyte maturation and demyelination.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jonathan Voeglein, Irena Kostova, Thomas Arzberger, Sigrun Roeber, Peer Schmitz, Mikael Simons, Viktoria Ruf, Otto Windl, Jochen Herms, Marianne Dieterich, Adrian Danek, Gunter U. Hoeglinger, Armin Giese, Johannes Levin
Summary: This study analyzed the prevalence and clinical implications of the first reported clinical symptoms in neuropathologically proven neurodegenerative diseases. Different diseases showed different first clinical symptoms, with cognitive symptoms predicting longer survival and motor symptoms predicting shorter survival. Assessing first clinical symptoms may improve accuracy of diagnosis and prognosis in neurodegenerative diseases.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Nicolas Ricard, Sabine Bailly, Christophe Guignabert, Michael Simons
Summary: Endothelial cells play a crucial role in controlling oxygen, nutrient exchange, and cellular trafficking between blood and organs. The quiescent state of endothelium is actively regulated and constantly receives important signalling inputs. Understanding organ-specific pathways and their disruption in vascular pathologies can lead to the development of preventive strategies and new therapeutic targets.
NATURE REVIEWS CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Shima Safaiyan, Simon Besson-Girard, Tugberk Kaya, Ludovico Cantuti-Castelvetri, Lu Liu, Hao Ji, Martina Schifferer, Garyfallia Gouna, Fumere Usifo, Nirmal Kannaiyan, Dirk Fitzner, Xianyuan Xiang, Moritz J. Rossner, Matthias Brendel, Ozgun Gokce, Mikael Simons
Summary: Research has identified white matter-associated microglia (WAMs) as a protective response during aging, characterized by phagocytic activity and lipid metabolism gene activation. WAMs depend on triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) signaling and are independent of apolipoprotein E (APOE) in contrast to mouse models of Alzheimer's disease.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alessio Colombo, Lina Dinkel, Stephan A. Mueller, Laura Sebastian Monasor, Martina Schifferer, Ludovico Cantuti-Castelvetri, Jasmin Koenig, Lea Vidatic, Tatiana Bremova-Ertl, Andrew P. Lieberman, Silva Hecimovic, Mikael Simons, Stefan F. Lichtenthaler, Michael Strupp, Susanne A. Schneider, Sabina Tahirovic
Summary: Niemann-Pick type C disease is primarily caused by mutations in NPC1, leading to abnormal lipid storage in late endosomes/lysosomes. Research shows that NPC1 disruption significantly impairs microglial function, potentially triggering abnormalities in phagocytosis and myelin turnover in microglia before neuronal death.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Julia Schmitt, Carla Palleis, Julia Sauerbeck, Marcus Unterrainer, Stefanie Harris, Catharina Prix, Endy Weidinger, Sabrina Katzdobler, Olivia Wagemann, Adrian Danek, Leonie Beyer, Boris-Stephan Rauchmann, Axel Rominger, Mikael Simons, Peter Bartenstein, Robert Perneczky, Christian Haass, Johannes Levin, Gunter U. Hoeglinger, Matthias Brendel
Summary: This study investigated the performance of early acquisition F-18-flutemetamol A beta-PET compared to F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET in patients with corticobasal syndrome (CBS). The results showed a high correlation between early-phase A beta-PET and FDG-PET SUVr in cortical and subcortical brain regions. Known asymmetries in CBS were well captured by this method, allowing for assessment of A beta-status and neuronal injury with a single radiation exposure at a single visit.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jonathan Voeglein, Irena Kostova, Thomas Arzberger, Soheyl Noachtar, Marianne Dieterich, Jochen Herms, Peer Schmitz, Viktoria Ruf, Otto Windl, Sigrun Roeber, Mikael Simons, Gunter U. Hoeglinger, Adrian Danek, Armin Giese, Johannes Levin
Summary: In neurodegenerative diseases, seizure prevalence varies among different diseases, with cognitive symptoms increasing the risk of seizures and motor symptoms decreasing the risk.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Garyfallia Gouna, Christian Klose, Mar Bosch-Queralt, Lu Liu, Ozgun Gokce, Martina Schifferer, Ludovico Cantuti-Castelvetri, Mikael Simons
Summary: Microglia play a key role in promoting myelin repair after demyelinating injury, with cholesterol esterification being essential for myelin debris clearance and lipid droplet generation. TREM2 is crucial for adapting to excess cholesterol exposure and regulating lipid droplet formation, ultimately impacting the innate immune response and remyelination.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Johanna Tueshaus, Stephan A. Mueller, Joshua Shrouder, Martina Arends, Mikael Simons, Nikolaus Plesnila, Carl P. Blobel, Stefan F. Lichtenthaler
Summary: iRhom1, crucial for controlling membrane protein shedding in the mouse brain, is widely expressed throughout various brain regions, with a peak in early postnatal development. Proteomic analysis identified several membrane proteins that rely on iRhom1 for shedding, highlighting its importance in this process.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nicolai Franzmeier, Matthias Brendel, Leonie Beyer, Luna Slemann, Gabor G. Kovacs, Thomas Arzberger, Carolin Kurz, Gesine Respondek, Milica J. Lukic, Davina Biel, Anna Rubinski, Lukas Frontzkowski, Selina Hummel, Andre Muller, Anika Finze, Carla Palleis, Emanuel Joseph, Endy Weidinger, Sabrina Katzdobler, Mengmeng Song, Gloria Biechele, Maike Kern, Maximilian Scheifele, Boris-Stephan Rauchmann, Robert Perneczky, Michael Rullman, Marianne Patt, Andreas Schildan, Henryk Barthel, Osama Sabri, Jost J. Rumpf, Matthias L. Schroeter, Joseph Classen, Victor Villemagne, John Seibyl, Andrew W. Stephens, Edward B. Lee, David G. Coughlin, Armin Giese, Murray Grossman, Corey T. McMillan, Ellen Gelpi, Laura Molina-Porcel, Yaroslau Compta, John C. van Swieten, Laura Donker Laat, Claire Troakes, Safa Al-Sarraj, John L. Robinson, Sharon X. Xie, David J. Irwin, Sigrun Roeber, Jochen Herms, Mikael Simons, Peter Bartenstein, Virginia M. Lee, John Q. Trojanowski, Johannes Levin, Gunter Hoeglinger, Michael Ewers
Summary: The present study combines tau-PET, resting-state fMRI, and histopathology data to demonstrate the association between brain connectivity and tau deposition patterns in 4-repeat tauopathies.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yanyin Xu, Jiasheng Zhang, Heon-Woo Lee, Guogang Zhang, Yongping Bai, Michael Simons
Summary: Understanding the development of cerebral vasculature is crucial for CNS research and therapeutics. A new method called flattened cortex whole mount (FCWM) technique was developed for high-resolution imaging of pial cerebral vessels. FCWM offers advantages such as precise localization of blood vessels and compatibility with confocal imaging. Application of FCWM revealed type-specific maturation and remodeling of cerebral blood vessels linked to endothelial proliferation, during postnatal development and stroke settings.
Article
Physiology
Michael Simons
Summary: Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a physiological process that plays important roles in both embryonic development and adult tissue pathology. Recent research has revealed a complex set of interactions underlying EndMT, which contributes to the pathophysiological basis of various deadly and intractable diseases. This mini review aims to summarize the recent advances and provide a comprehensive perspective on this complex field.
CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Neurosciences
M. Djannatian, U. Weikert, S. Safaiyan, C. Wrede, C. Deichsel, G. Kislinger, T. Ruhwedel, D. S. Campbell, T. van Ham, B. Schmid, J. Hegermann, W. Moebius, M. Schifferer, M. Simons
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mar Bosch-Queralt, Ludovico Cantuti-Castelvetri, Alkmini Damkou, Martina Schifferer, Kai Schlepckow, Ioannis Alexopoulos, Dieter Luetjohann, Christian Klose, Lenka Vaculciakova, Takahiro Masuda, Marco Prinz, Kathryn M. Monroe, Gilbert Di Paolo, Joseph W. Lewcock, Christian Haass, Mikael Simons
Summary: The study reveals that diet-induced obesity impairs restoration of CNS demyelination by suppressing cholesterol efflux through TGF beta signaling, hindering microglial myelin-debris clearance and lesion recovery. Targeting TGF beta or promoting TREM2 activity could restore microglia responsiveness and improve myelin-debris clearance after demyelination.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chenchen Bian, Xiangtong Yuan, Caihong Zeng, Jian Sun, Gen Kaneko, Hong Ji
Summary: This study investigated the mechanism of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-induced apoptosis mediated by mitophagy, using grass carp as an animal model. The results showed that inhibition of mitophagy alleviated apoptosis and eliminated the inhibition of lipid accumulation induced by DHA. Mechanistically, DHA induced mitophagy by activating the PPAR gamma-LC3-BNIP3 pathway. Inhibition of PPAR gamma decreased autophagy-related gene expression and prevented BNIP3/NIX-mediated mitophagy-induced apoptosis, thereby alleviating the inhibition of lipid accumulation.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY OF LIPIDS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Venkatesan Ramya, Karuppiah Prakash Shyam, Arulanandu Angelmary, Balamuthu Kadalmani
Summary: This study reveals that Lauric acid (LA) exerts an epigenetic regulation and metabolic reprogramming on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells through modulation of lncRNA HOTAIR, remodeling of chromatin H3K4 tri-methylation and regulation of glucose uptake by controlling NF-kappa B activation.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY OF LIPIDS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sreelekshmi Sreekumar, Karyath Palliyath Gangaraj, Manikantan Syamala Kiran
Summary: This study investigates the intricate interplay between angiogenic regulation and the browning of white adipocytes. The findings reveal that concurrent activation of angiogenesis is necessary for inducing browning of white adipocytes. The study also highlights the role of Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in promoting angiogenesis and triggering the browning process through the activation of Estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) signaling pathway.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY OF LIPIDS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zanxia Cao, Liling Zhao, Mingcui Chen, Zhihong Shi, Lei Liu
Summary: This study investigated the translocation process of cholesterol/calcitriol in bacterial membranes and their effects on membrane structure. Calcitriol facilitated water transport across the membrane, while cholesterol had the opposite effect. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between cholesterol/calcitriol concentrations, lipid bilayer structure, and water permeation.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY OF LIPIDS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiaozhen Guo, Jiawen Wang, Hualing Xu, Yangyang Wang, Yutang Cao, Yingquan Wen, Jiaqi Li, Yameng Liu, Kanglong Wang, Jue Wang, Xianchun Zhong, Chuying Sun, Yongxin Zhang, Jingyi Xu, Cuina Li, Pengxiang Mu, Lingyan Xu, Cen Xie
Summary: This study aims to investigate the role of the gut microbiota-bile acid axis in regulating the diurnal rhythms of metabolic homeostasis and assess the impact of obesity on them. The results show that high fat diet feeding and Leptin gene deficiency disrupt the rhythmic patterns of insulin sensitivity and serum total cholesterol levels. The study provides compelling evidence for the association between diurnal rhythm of insulin sensitivity and gut microbiota-bile acid axis, and elucidates the deleterious effects of obesity on gut microbiome-bile acid metabolism.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY OF LIPIDS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giuseppe Pepe, Maria Cotugno, Federico Marracino, Luca Capocci, Ludovica Pizzati, Maurizio Forte, Rosita Stanzione, Pamela Scarselli, Alba Di Pardo, Sebastiano Sciarretta, Massimo Volpe, Speranza Rubattu, Vittorio Maglione
Summary: The study found that enzymes involved in sphingolipid metabolism show abnormal expression in the cardiac tissue of hypertensive rat models, which may be related to the susceptibility to cardiac damage.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY OF LIPIDS
(2024)
