Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Manash Pratim Borthakur, Sauro Succi, Fabio Sterpone, Franck Perot, Anxhelo Diko, Simone Melchionna
Summary: In this study, numerical simulations were used to investigate airflow dynamics and particle transport in the human nasal cavity, revealing that particle size and breathing rate influence deposition patterns; smaller particles penetrate deeper while larger particles agglomerate near the anterior region. Increasing flow rate enhances particle penetration, and the complex interplay of finite particle size and flow inertia determines particle deposition patterns. These findings highlight the effectiveness of advanced simulation frameworks for targeting respiratory disorders.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Olav R. Hansen, Eirik S. Hansen
Summary: This article describes the large-scale LH2 release tests commissioned by the Norwegian Public Roads Administration to study the dispersion and explosion properties of liquid hydrogen (LH2) both indoor and outdoor. The study aims to better understand the experiments and demonstrate that LH2 safety assessments can be accurately simulated and predicted.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Hao JIng, Haiwei Ge, Li Wang, Sanghun Choi, Ali Farnoud, Zhongnan An, Wending Lai, Xinguang Cui
Summary: This study investigated the airflow characteristics in the human respiratory system during realistic inspiration and found that the dynamic characteristics of the laryngeal jet and recirculation zone are primarily influenced by the transient inspiration flow rate and glottis motion. It was also observed that glottis expansion reduces energy consumption during inhalation. Moreover, using clinical inspiration data leads to an earlier transition from laminar to turbulence flow. The findings highlight the importance of accurate inspiratory data and incorporating physiological characteristics in studying respiratory airflow.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jack C. P. Cheng, Helen H. L. Kwok, Alison T. Y. Li, Jimmy C. K. Tong, Alexis K. H. Lau
Summary: This study aims to investigate the impact of influence factors on the distribution of temperature and carbon dioxide concentration in a multi-zone indoor environment to improve the accuracy of CFD models. Factors studied include door gap sizes, solar radiation, and number and orientation of occupants. By adjusting door gap sizes, analyzing the sensitivity of different regions to solar heat, and considering the influence of occupants, the study explores how influence factors affect the results of multi-zone simulations.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Wonseok Oh, Ryozo Ooka, Hideki Kikumoto, Mengtao Han
Summary: In this study, the boundary conditions for simulating cough airflow using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) were defined and validated using experimental data. The obtained boundary conditions can be used to investigate the risk of infection and transmission routes of human cough.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Giorgio Besagni, Nicolo Cristiani
Summary: Despite being a promising alternative to mechanical compressor driven systems, ejector refrigeration faces limitations due to fixed geometry which restricts efficiency in a narrow range of operating conditions. Variable geometry ejectors offer increased flexibility and improved performance. The study evaluates the impact of a spindle-provided ejector on refrigeration system performance, showing that increasing the primary nozzle area ratio can enhance COP and reduce critical discharge temperature. Fluid dynamics play a significant role in the entrainment process and pump-effect phenomenon, affecting overall system performance.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Azadeh A. T. Borojeni, Wanjun Gu, Bahman Asgharian, Owen Price, Andrew P. Kuprat, Rajesh K. Singh, Sean Colby, Richard A. Corley, Chantal Darquenne
Summary: The extrathoracic oral airway acts as a barrier for pharmaceutical aerosols and introduces variability in lung deposition. Computational fluid dynamics was used to predict deposition of 1-30 μm particles in CT-based models of adult oral airways. Results showed large intersubject variability in oral deposition, with nebulizers delivering >75% of inhaled aerosol to intrathoracic lungs in most subjects compared to only about half with DPI use. Oral deposition efficiency did not differ significantly between inspiration and expiration, but subregional deposition showed different patterns between the two breathing phases. Incorporating upper airway morphological variation is crucial for accurate predictions of aerosol deposition in the lung.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Chengjun Li, Hanqing Wang
Summary: This study explored the welding plasma flow and the turbulent diffusion of aerosol to accurately describe the diffusion of welding aerosol particles. A new simulation method for welding aerosol pollution sources was applied based on considering the momentum transfer between multiphase flows. The effect of distance and angle between welded electrodes on plasma flow was evaluated and the changes in the initial positions of welding aerosol particles were explored. The diffusion characteristics of aerosol particles with different particle sizes were also investigated. The results showed that the distance and angle between the anode and the cathode of the welding affected the plasma flow morphology and stability, and thus influencing the diffusion trajectory of aerosol particles.
ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Maohui Luo, Junjie Guo, Xiwen Feng, Wenhua Chen
Summary: This study investigated kitchen heat exposure and thermal comfort through experiments and simulations. The experimental results showed that high-temperature stoves significantly increased air temperatures, thermal radiations, and skin temperatures around the cooking staff. External conditions and makeup air sources affected thermal distributions and heat exposures. CFD simulations were consistent with the experimental results, and horizontal thermal asymmetry dominated heat exposure in the cooking zone. Improved thermal comfort in the kitchen can be achieved by using cooler makeup air sources with higher range hood flowrates.
INDOOR AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Timothy G. G. Foat, Benjamin Higgins, Charlotte Abbs, Thomas Maishman, Simon Coldrick, Adrian Kelsey, Matthew J. J. Ivings, Simon T. T. Parker, Catherine J. J. Noakes
Summary: Computational fluid dynamics models were used to predict airborne exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus from a coughing person in a mechanically ventilated room. The study found that evaporation is an important factor and ventilation, face coverings, and maintaining social distancing are crucial for reducing exposure.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Huiyi Tan, Keng Yinn Wong, Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman, Bemgba Bevan Nyakuma, Desmond Daniel Chin Vui Sheng, Hong Yee Kek, Wai Shin Ho, Haslenda Hashim, Meng Choung Chiong, Muhammad Afiq Zubir, Nur Haliza Abdul Wahab, Syie Luing Wong, Roswanira Abdul Wahab, Ihab Hasan Hatif
Summary: This study examines the impact of medical staff's walking movement on airflow distribution and particle dispersion in an isolation ward. The results show that a higher walking speed leads to a larger secondary airflow and a reduced number of settled particles on the burn patient, potentially reducing the risk of nosocomial infections.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Guanwen Chen, Jian Hang, Lan Chen, Yuanyuan Lin
Summary: This study validated Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations using scaled outdoor experimental data and investigated the flow characteristics in a full-scale street canyon with non-uniform surface heating. The study found that the differences in incanyon airflow and ventilation between uniform and non-uniform surface heating conditions depend on the thermal buoyancy.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Shin Hyuk Kim, Jay H. Lee, Richard D. Braatz
Summary: This study presents an advanced multi-scale CFD model for predicting suspension polymerization in a stirred tank reactor. The model accurately simulates flow patterns and particle size changes, and can predict polymer properties by free-radical polymerization. Validation with experimental data and case studies on different blade angles were conducted to investigate mixing effects and particle properties.
COMPUTERS & CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jordyn E. Moscoso, Rachel E. Tripoli, Shizhe Chen, William J. Church, Henry Gonzalez, Spencer A. Hill, Norris Khoo, Taylor L. Lonner, Jonathan M. Aurnou
Summary: This paper introduces a state-of-the-art DIYnamics LEGO robotics kit that allows users to create table-top models of geophysical flows. Through three experiments, the kit demonstrates its robust multi-scale modeling capabilities in simulating deep ocean convection, thermal wind flows, and baroclinic instability. The experimental results agree with theory, making the DIYnamics setup a valuable tool for studying multi-scale behaviors in geophysical flows.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Aranyak Chakravarty, Mahesh Panchagnula, Alladi Mohan, Neelesh A. Patankar
Summary: Pulmonary drug delivery systems rely on inhalation of drug-laden aerosols produced from aerosol generators such as inhalers, nebulizers etc. However, the transport and retention of drugs in the lungs play a crucial role in determining the efficacy of drug delivery. This study develops a mathematical model to analyze drug deposition and retention in the lungs and identifies conditions conducive for delivering drugs to the deep lungs. The analysis confirms that aerosols in the size range of 1-5 μm have the highest drug delivery efficacy to the deep lung, and increasing the breathing time period can increase the amount of drugs deposited in the deep lung.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Ingrid S. Lan, Ju Liu, Weiguang Yang, Judith Zimmermann, Daniel B. Ennis, Alison L. Marsden
Summary: This study validates the accuracy and reliability of the cardiovascular FSI formulation in an in vitro flow circuit, which is important for simulating vascular hemodynamics in patients.
ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Biophysics
Jonathan Pham, Sofia Wyetzner, Martin R. R. Pfaller, David W. W. Parker, Doug L. L. James, Alison L. L. Marsden
Summary: We propose svMorph, a framework for interactive virtual sculpting of patient-specific vascular anatomic models. Our tools allow the creation of tortuosity, aneurysms, and stenoses in tubular vascular geometries via geometric operations on the surface mesh and vessel centerline curves. The tortuosity tool uses the physics-based Oriented Particles method and linear blend skinning for smooth, elastic-like deformations.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Victoria Yuan, Francesco De Gaetano, Kasra Osouli, Alison L. Marsden, Maria Laura Costantino
Summary: This study developed a computational model to simulate Norwood patients and evaluate the effects of Berlin Heart support on patient hemodynamics. The results showed that increasing device volume and rate can increase cardiac output, but have minimal impact on arterial oxygen content. Specific BH settings are recommended for patients with pulmonary hypertension and those treated with milrinone post-operatively. The findings emphasize that oxygen delivery does not increase with BH rate or volume and highlight the adaptability of the model to analyze BH support in different clinical situations.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
O. Z. Tikenogullari, M. Peirlinck, H. Chubb, A. M. Dubin, E. Kuhl, A. L. Marsden
Summary: Single ventricle patients, including those with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), may develop arrhythmias, electrical dyssynchrony, and ventricular failure. The relationship between ventricular enlargement and electrical dysfunction in HLHS physiology is poorly understood. Computational modeling was used to characterize this relationship and found that right ventricle enlargement negatively affects QRS duration and interventricular dyssynchrony, while left ventricle enlargement can partially compensate for this dyssynchrony.
COMPUTER METHODS IN BIOMECHANICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Letter
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Alison Marsden
JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Letter
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Premila Webster, Keith Neal, Alison Marsden
JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Letter
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Alison Marsden
JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Karthik Menon, Jongmin Seo, Ryuji Fukazawa, Shunichi Ogawa, Andrew M. Kahn, Jane C. Burns, Alison L. Marsden
Summary: The current treatment for coronary aneurysms caused by Kawasaki disease is primarily based on the size of the aneurysm, overlooking the hemodynamic factors that affect the risk of myocardial ischemia. Computational hemodynamics simulations were performed for 15 KD patients, and ischemic risk was evaluated using parameters such as fractional flow reserve, wall shear stress, and residence time. The study found that the ratio of maximum-to-minimum aneurysmal lumen diameter predicted ischemic risk better than the aneurysm Z-score.
JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Aaron L. Brown, Fannie M. Gerosa, Jing Wang, Tzun Hsiai, Alison L. Marsden
Summary: Mechanical forces play a crucial role in coordinating cardiac morphogenesis, yet much remains unknown about their interactions with mechano-transduction pathways. Due to the complexity of cardiac mechanobiology, multiple experimental and analytical techniques are required for a complete understanding. This review focuses on computational modeling as a tool to investigate mechanobiological pathways in cardiac development. Recent studies show that understanding spatial and temporal patterns of biomechanical forces is crucial, and computational modeling provides an effective and efficient means to obtain such detail. Multidisciplinary studies combining all three tools yield the most compelling results.
CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Alexander D. Kaiser, Nicole K. Schiavone, Christopher J. Elkins, Doff B. McElhinney, John K. Eaton, Alison L. Marsden
Summary: The immersed boundary (IB) method is used in this study to simulate fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems around heart valves. Physical experiments and numerical simulations were conducted, and the results showed excellent qualitative and quantitative agreement between the two, providing comparable experimental data for further validation studies of FSI simulations.
ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Erica L. Schwarz, Martin R. Pfaller, Jason M. Szafron, Marcos Latorre, Stephanie E. Lindsey, Christopher K. Breuer, Jay D. Humphrey, Alison L. Marsden
Summary: This study implements a comprehensive, three-dimensional constrained mixture theory into a finite element fluid-structure interaction solver for simulating vascular growth and remodeling. The resulting solver allows long-term predictions of changing hemodynamics, vessel wall morphology, tissue composition, and material properties, enhancing the understanding of disease progression in complex environments.
COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Kathrin Baumler, Evan H. Phillips, Noelia Grande Gutierrez, Dominik Fleischmann, Alison L. Marsden, Craig J. Goergen
Summary: This study investigated the progression of false lumen thrombus over 7 days and found that flow stagnation is the predominant factor driving thrombus formation in the false lumen.
COMPUTER METHODS IN BIOMECHANICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Weiguang Yang, Timothy A. Conover, Richard S. Figliola, Guruprasad A. Giridharan, Alison L. Marsden, Mark D. Rodefeld
Summary: Patients with single ventricle defects undergoing the Fontan procedure often face Fontan failure, and long-term cavopulmonary assist devices using rotary pump technologies are being developed to prevent and treat this failure. This study aims to assess the performance of a viscous impeller pump for Fontan patients and validate flow simulations using in-vitro data. The results show that the pump design provides low resistance and minimal pressure loss in the failed condition, making it clinically acceptable for Fontan patients.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Biophysics
Erica L. Schwarz, Luca Pegolotti, Martin R. Pfaller, Alison L. Marsden
Summary: Physics-based computational models of the cardiovascular system have wide-ranging applications in studying cardiovascular diseases, allowing for simulations of hemodynamics, tissue mechanics, and physiology. These models are used not only for surgical planning, but also for understanding disease progression, guiding design, and generating testable hypotheses. Recent advances in modeling methodology have improved the accuracy and impact of simulations, benefiting clinical care and medical device design in congenital and acquired cardiovascular diseases.
BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Kathrin Baumler, Judith Zimmermann, Daniel B. Ennis, Alison L. Marsden, Dominik Fleischmann
Summary: This study investigated the impact of tear size on hemodynamics in a Type B aortic dissection using simulation models. The results showed that alterations in tear size significantly affected flow ratios, pressure differences, and systolic pressure drops. Compared to rigid wall simulations, fluid structure interaction simulations resulted in decreased flow ratios, dampening of flow waveforms, smaller negative pressure differences, and decreased pressure drops at entry and exit tears.
COMPUTER METHODS, IMAGING AND VISUALIZATION IN BIOMECHANICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING II
(2023)
Article
Biophysics
Nathan D. Camarillo, Rafael Jimenez-Silva, Frances T. Sheehan
Summary: This article discusses the statistical dependence between multiple measurements from the same participant and provides recommendations for using these measurements when they are not independent.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
J. Huet, A. -S. Boureau, A. Sarcher, C. Cornu, A. Nordez
Summary: Standard compression in freehand 3D ultrasound induces a bias in volume calculations, but minimal compression and gel pad methods have similar results. With a trained examiner and precautions, the bias can be minimized and become acceptable in clinical applications.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
C. Lariviere, A. H. Eskandari, H. Mecheri, F. Ghezelbash, D. Gagnon, A. Shirazi-Adl
Summary: Recent developments in musculoskeletal modeling have focused on model customization. Personalization of the spine profile may affect estimates of spinal loading and stability. This study investigates the biomechanical consequences of changes in the spinal profile and finds that personalizing the spine profile has medium to large effects on trunk muscle forces and negligible to small effects on spinal loading and stability.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Luke T. Mattar, Arash B. Mahboobin, Adam J. Popchak, William J. Anderst, Volker Musahl, James J. Irrgang, Richard E. Debski
Summary: Exercise therapy fails in about 25.0% of cases for individuals with rotator cuff tears, and one reason for this failure may be the inability to strengthen and balance the muscle forces that keep the humeral head in the correct position. This study developed computational musculoskeletal models to compare the net muscle force before and after exercise therapy between successfully and unsuccessfully treated patients. The study found that unsuccessfully treated patients had less inferiorly oriented net muscle forces, which may increase the risk of impingement.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Natsuki Sado, Takeshi Edagawa, Toshihide Fujimori, Shogo Hashimoto, Yoshikazu Okamoto, Takahito Nakajima
Summary: The existing methods for predicting hip and lumbosacral joint centres in Japanese adults are biased and differ between sexes. We propose new regression equations that consider soft-tissue thickness, sex differences, and a height-directional measure, and validate them using leave-one-out cross-validation.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Peimin Yu, Xuanzhen Cen, Qichang Mei, Alan Wang, Yaodong Gu, Justin Fernandez
Summary: This study aimed to explore the intra-foot biomechanical differences among individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI), copers, and healthy individuals during dynamic tasks. The study found that copers and CAI individuals had smaller dorsiflexion angles and copers presented a more eversion position compared to healthy participants. Copers also had greater dorsiflexion angles in the metatarsophalangeal joint and more inversion moments in the subtalar joint during certain tasks. These findings can help in designing interventions to restore ankle joint functions in CAI individuals.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Jon Skovgaard Jensen, Anders Holsgaard-Larsen, Anders Stengaard Sorensen, Per Aagaard, Jens Bojsen-Moller
Summary: This study investigates the biomechanical effects of robot-assisted body weight unloading (BWU) on gait patterns in healthy young adults. The results show that dynamic robot-assisted BWU enables reduced kinetic requirements without distorting biomechanically normal gait patterns during overground walking.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2024)