Article
Microbiology
Hang Su, Xiaohua Ye, Daniel C. Freed, Leike Li, Zhiqiang Ku, Wei Xiong, Peng Gao, Xinli Liu, Diana Montgomery, Weifeng Xu, Amy S. Espeseth, Dai Wang, Ningning Ma, Tong-Ming Fu, Ningyan Zhang, Zhiqiang An
Summary: The study developed a bispecific antibody against HCMV by combining the strengths of two different neutralizing antibodies, showing both broad neutralization capacity and high potency. It demonstrated potential clinical therapeutic effects in multiple cell lines and maintained its activity after 21 days in circulation, providing a proof-of-concept for developing bispecific neutralizing antibody therapies against HCMV infection.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Richard R. Rustandi, John W. Loughney, Liang Shang, Shiyi Wang, Cindy J. Pauley, Sianny Christanti, Adam Kristopeit, Timothy D. Culp
Summary: This paper presents an innovative approach using capillary western blot technology for rapid and accurate quantification of key viral surface proteins of HCMV. The method is versatile in analyzing multiple sample types and can aid in vaccine process development and virus characterization.
Article
Virology
Thomas Fricke, Anna K. Grosskopf, Armin Ensser, Marija Backovic, Alexander S. Hahn
Summary: Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) is associated with a significant disease burden, particularly in Sub-Sahara Africa. Immune sera can neutralize KSHV and inhibit its binding to cellular receptors. The glycoprotein H and L complex has been identified as a crucial target for the development of KSHV vaccines.
Article
Virology
Eric P. Schultz, Qin Yu, Cora Stegmann, Le Zhang Day, Jean-Marc Lanchy, Brent J. Ryckman
Summary: This study investigates the differences between the gH/gL/gO and gH/gL/pUL128-131 complexes in HCMV, revealing the mechanistic discrepancies and providing a basis for evaluating neutralizing antibodies more effectively.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Virology
Gonzalo L. Gonzalez-Del Pino, Ekaterina E. Heldwein
Summary: Herpesviruses are a group of DNA viruses that infect various animals, including humans. They enter cells by fusing their envelope with the host cell membrane. The glycoprotein gH/gL plays a crucial role in interacting with host cell receptors and antibodies.
Article
Immunology
Kanokporn Polyiam, Marasri Ruengjitchatchawalya, Phenjun Mekvichitsaeng, Kampon Kaeoket, Tawatchai Hoonsuwan, Pichai Joiphaeng, Yaowaluck Maprang Roshorm
Summary: This study aims to investigate the immunological characteristics of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), particularly the linear B-cell epitopes on the S and M proteins of PEDV. Through immunoinformatics-based methods, nine novel immunodominant epitopes on the S protein and seven neutralizing epitopes on the M protein were identified. The findings provide valuable information for the development of a next-generation PEDV vaccine.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Kanokporn Polyiam, Marasri Ruengjitchatchawalya, Phenjun Mekvichitsaeng, Kampon Kaeoket, Tawatchai Hoonsuwan, Pichai Joiphaeng, Yaowaluck Maprang Roshorm
Summary: The study explored linear B cell epitopes on the spike and membrane proteins of global PEDV strains, identifying new immunodominant and neutralizing epitopes that can be used for vaccine design. Additionally, the M protein was shown to be a target of neutralizing antibodies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qi Zhang, Peter Radvak, Juhyung Lee, Yue Xu, Vivian Cao-Dao, Miao Xu, Wei Zheng, Catherine Z. Chen, Hang Xie, Yihong Ye
Summary: The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 interacts with heparan sulfate on cell surface, facilitating viral entry. Mitoxantrone inhibits the fusogenic function of spike and effectively prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection in cell-based models and human lung tissues. Mitoxantrone analogs with reduced DNA topoisomerase affinity may offer an alternative therapy for breakthrough infections in the post-vaccine era.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Melina Vallbracht, Henriette Loetzsch, Barbara G. Klupp, Walter Fuchs, Benjamin Vollmer, Kay Gruenewald, Marija Backovic, Felix A. Rey, Thomas C. Mettenleiter
Summary: The study identified a pseudorabies virus (PrV) gB variant capable of mediating efficient virus-cell and cell-cell fusion independently of the regulatory protein gi-Vgl. The control exerted on gB by viral proteins is mediated via its cytosolic domain, and a single conserved amino acid mutation in the ectodomain core compensated for the absence of the cytosolic domain, resulting in a hyperfusion phenotype. This discovery provides new insights into the regulation of herpesvirus fusion and potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
Article
Microbiology
Zhengwu Chang, Xiaoyu Dong, Zhao Guan, Kejia Lu, Xi Chen, Xi Wei, Hanwei Guo, Ruyi Dang, Juan Wang, Xinglong Wang, Sa Xiao, Zengqi Yang, Haijin Liu
Summary: Vaccines are widely used to prevent Newcastle disease virus. A study found that epitope mutations in the virus may decrease the effectiveness of the vaccine, but their contribution to antigenic mutation and immune escape is still controversial. The study also showed that a matched vaccine, generated through modification of the virus protein, was more effective in inhibiting viral shedding and tissue damage compared to an unmatched vaccine. However, both vaccines induced similar levels of neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated chickens.
VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Roland Tschismarov, Raphael M. Zellweger, Min Jie Koh, Yan Shan Leong, Jenny G. Low, Eng Eong Ooi, Christian W. Mandl, Katrin Ramsauer, Ruklanthi de Alwis
Summary: The study found that after immunization with the MV-CHIK vaccine, participants displayed strong antibody responses, with the prime-boost regimen showing greater and longer-lasting protection compared to the prime-only regimen.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Masaya Yoshimura, Youko Honda, Emi Yonemitsu, Ryota Takahashi, Kiyotaka Suenaga, Takashi Waki
Summary: A recombinant protein containing Stx2eB-COMP was constructed as a vaccine, which showed significant efficacy in preventing ED by inducing neutralizing antibodies against Stx2e. The vaccine group exhibited higher neutralizing antibody titers, lower mortality and clinical scores compared to the control group. These findings suggest that the pentameric B subunit vaccine is a promising tool for preventing ED in pigs.
VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Virology
Nancy Palmerin, Farizeh Aalam, Romina Nabiee, Murali Muniraju, Javier Gordon Ogembo, Jennifer Totonchy
Summary: This study assesses the contributions of KSHV glycoprotein H and the cellular receptor DC-SIGN to KSHV infection in B lymphocytes. Results show that DC-SIGN plays a role in KSHV entry into tonsil-derived B cells, but multiple entry mechanisms exist.
Article
Virology
Yanan Wang, Xueyang Li, Qianru Xu, Xiangxiang Niu, Shenli Zhang, Xiaotian Qu, Hongyan Chu, Jinxuan Chen, Qianqian Shi, Erqin Zhang, Gaiping Zhang
Summary: In this study, rice-derived HA protein was used as an immunogen to produce monoclonal antibodies with neutralizing and inhibitory activities against H9N2 avian influenza virus. A novel linear epitope was identified, providing insights for improving vaccine and diagnostic strategies.
Article
Microbiology
Rong-Hong Hua, Shu-Jian Zhang, Bei Niu, Jin-Ying Ge, Ting Lan, Zhi-Gao Bu
Summary: A broad-spectrum neutralizing antibody and its highly conserved epitope in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 have been identified in this study. The antibody can neutralize all known variants, and the epitope is conserved in all variants. This research provides new insights for developing broad-spectrum prophylactic vaccines and therapeutic antibodies.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Virology
Ying Qi, Li He, Xiaohong Cui, Laura Hertel, Daniel C. Freed, Tong-Ming Fu, Lawrence M. Kauvar, Michael A. McVoy, Qiang Ruan
Article
Immunology
Kara S. Cox, Lu Zhang, Daniel C. Freed, Aimin Tang, Shifang Zhang, Yu Zhou, I-Ming Wang, Richard E. Rupp, Stuart P. Adler, Luwy K. Musey, Dai Wang, Kalpit A. Vora, Tong-Ming Fu
Summary: The study analyzed vaccine-induced T cells for memory phenotype, antigen specificity, cytokine profiles, and cytolytic potential using multicolor flow cytometry. The results showed that vaccination elicited polyfunctional CD4 and CD8 T cells with predominantly effector phenotype responding to 2 dominant antigens, pp65 and IE1. Analysis of T-cell receptor repertoires demonstrated polyclonal expansion of antigen-specific T cells after vaccination.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Virology
Annete Njue, Carolyn Coyne, Andrea V. Margulis, Dai Wang, Morgan A. Marks, Kevin Russell, Rituparna Das, Anushua Sinha
Summary: This study reviewed the potential mechanisms of CMV in causing stillbirth, preterm birth, and IUGR, identifying impairments in trophoblast cell differentiation and function, invasiveness, and signaling pathway regulation, as well as induction of apoptosis. Challenges remain in finding suitable in vivo animal models for further research in this area.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zihao Yuan, Xuejun Fan, Jay-Jiguang Zhu, Tong-Ming Fu, Jiaqian Wu, Hua Xu, Ningyan Zhang, Zhiqiang An, W. Jim Zheng
Summary: This study reveals the extensive presence of murine viral sequences in patient-derived xenografts and significant expression changes of crucial genes in samples with high virus load. It emphasizes the need to carefully evaluate the impact of viral infection on patient-derived xenografts for drug development and highlights the importance of quality control in experiments involving patient-derived xenografts.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Kirill Kalnin, Timothy Plitnik, Michael Kishko, Jinrong Zhang, Donghui Zhang, Adrien Beauvais, Natalie G. Anosova, Tim Tibbitts, Josh DiNapoli, Gregory Ulinski, Peter Piepenhagen, Sheila M. Cummings, Dinesh S. Bangari, Susan Ryan, Po-Wei D. Huang, James Huleatt, Deanne Vincent, Katherine Fries, Shrirang Karve, Rebecca Goldman, Hardip Gopani, Anusha Dias, Khang Tran, Minnie Zacharia, Xiaobo Gu, Lianne Boeglin, Jonathan Abysalh, Jorel Vargas, Angela Beaulieu, Monic Shah, Travis Jeannotte, Kimberly Gillis, Sudha Chivukula, Ron Swearingen, Victoria Landolfi, Tong-Ming Fu, Frank DeRosa, Danilo Casimiro
Summary: Emergency use authorization of COVID vaccines has brought hope to mitigate the pandemic, but there is a need for additional effective vaccines. mRNA technologies offer an expedited alternative to traditional vaccine approaches, with the new mRNA vaccine candidate MRT5500 showing promising neutralizing antibody activity in animal models.
Article
Cell Biology
Joseph R. Francica, Barbara J. Flynn, Kathryn E. Foulds, Amy T. Noe, Anne P. Werner, Ian N. Moore, Matthew Gagne, Timothy S. Johnston, Courtney Tucker, Rachel L. Davis, Britta Flach, Sarah O'Connell, Shayne F. Andrew, Evan Lamb, Dillon R. Flebbe, Saule T. Nurmukhambetova, Mitzi M. Donaldson, John-Paul M. Todd, Alex Lee Zhu, Caroline Atyeo, Stephanie Fischinger, Matthew J. Gorman, Sally Shin, Venkata Viswanadh Edara, Katharine Floyd, Lilin Lai, Seyhan Boyoglu-Barnum, Renee Van de Wetering, Alida Tylor, Elizabeth McCarthy, Valerie Lecouturier, Sophie Ruiz, Catherine Berry, Timothy Tibbitts, Hanne Andersen, Anthony Cook, Alan Dodson, Laurent Pessaint, Alex Van Ry, Marguerite Koutsoukos, Cindy Gutzeit, I-Ting Teng, Tongqing Zhou, Dapeng Li, Barton F. Haynes, Peter D. Kwong, Adrian McDermott, Mark G. Lewis, Tong Ming Fu, Roman Chicz, Robbert van der Most, Kizzmekia S. Corbett, Mehul S. Suthar, Galit Alter, Mario Roederer, Nancy J. Sullivan, Daniel C. Douek, Barney S. Graham, Danilo Casimiro, Robert A. Seder
Summary: The adjuvanted preS dTM vaccine induced multifunctional humoral responses in NHPs, providing significant protection against SARS-CoV-2. Rapid anamnestic antibody responses in the lung may be a key protective mechanism.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Leike Li, Daniel C. Freed, Yaping Liu, Fengsheng Li, Diane F. Barrett, Wei Xiong, Xiaohua Ye, Stuart P. Adler, Richard E. Rupp, Dai Wang, Ningyan Zhang, Tong-Ming Fu, Zhiqiang An
Summary: The study characterized 272 monoclonal antibodies isolated from memory B cells of individuals vaccinated with V160, revealing their specific binding to diverse HCMV antigens and potent neutralizing activity. It also found that V160 induced a specific class of antibodies, providing valuable insights into the primary targets for anti-HCMV antibodies induced by this vaccine.
Article
Immunology
Kirill Kalnin, Timothy Plitnik, Michael Kishko, Dean Huang, Alice Raillard, Julie Piolat, Natalie G. Anosova, Timothy Tibbitts, Joshua DiNapoli, Shrirang Karve, Rebecca Goldman, Hardip Gopani, Anusha Dias, Khang Tran, Minnie Zacharia, Xiaobo Gu, Lianne Boeglin, Jonathan Abysalh, Jorel Vargas, Angela Beaulieu, Monic Shah, Travis Jeannotte, Kimberly Gillis, Sudha Chivukula, Ron Swearingen, Victoria Landolfi, Tong-Ming Fu, Frank DeRosa, Danilo Casimiro
Summary: The study evaluated the efficacy of different types of mRNA vaccines in inducing neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants in nonhuman primates. The results showed that a third vaccination significantly increased neutralizing antibody titers and expanded the coverage to more variants, regardless of the type of vaccine previously administered.
Article
Immunology
Hualin Li, Morgan A. Monslow, Daniel C. Freed, Dan Chang, Fengsheng Li, Marian Gindy, Dai Wang, Kalpit Vora, Amy S. Espeseth, Nikolai Petrovsky, Tong-Ming Fu
Summary: The study evaluated the effects of two novel adjuvants on vaccines and found that they significantly enhanced cell-mediated immune responses, but did not show significant improvements in humoral immune responses. The adjuvants have different modes of action, with unique mechanisms of action.
Article
Immunology
Sudha Chivukula, Timothy Plitnik, Timothy Tibbitts, Shrirang Karve, Anusha Dias, Donghui Zhang, Rebecca Goldman, Hardip Gopani, Asad Khanmohammed, Ashish Sarode, Dustin Cooper, Heesik Yoon, Younghoon Kim, Yanhua Yan, Sophia T. Mundle, Rachel Groppo, Adrien Beauvais, Jinrong Zhang, Natalie G. Anosova, Charles Lai, Lu Li, Gregory Ulinski, Peter Piepenhagen, Joshua DiNapoli, Kirill Kalnin, Victoria Landolfi, Ron Swearingen, Tong-Ming Fu, Frank DeRosa, Danilo Casimiro
Summary: The recent approval of mRNA vaccines for emergency use against COVID-19 is likely to accelerate the development of mRNA-based vaccines targeting a wide range of infectious diseases. This vaccine modality promises comparable potency while accelerating the development and deployment of vaccine doses. Demonstrated successfully for single antigen vaccines, the technology could be optimized for complex multi-antigen vaccines.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daniel Wrapp, Xiaohua Ye, Zhiqiang Ku, Hang Su, Harrison G. Jones, Nianshuang Wang, Akaash K. Mishra, Daniel C. Freed, Fengsheng Li, Aimin Tang, Leike Li, Dabbu Kumar Jaijyan, Hua Zhu, Dai Wang, Tong-Ming Fu, Ningyan Zhang, Zhiqiang An, Jason S. McLellan
Summary: This study reveals the molecular mechanism of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. By analyzing the structures of HCMV and its cell receptor, the researchers discover a unique interaction that differs from previous studies. Furthermore, they identify the susceptible epitopes of HCMV, providing new insights for the development of antiviral drugs.
Article
Virology
Li He, Scott Taylor, Catherine Costa, Irene Gorzer, Julia Kalser, Tong-Ming Fu, Daniel Freed, Dai Wang, Xiaohong Cui, Laura Hertel, Michael A. McVoy
Summary: The gO protein of cytomegalovirus (CMV) has evolved polymorphisms to evade the neutralization of antibodies, specifically affecting fibroblast but not epithelial cell infection.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Yue Huang, Han Wang, Tingdong Li, Caihong Li, Jiabao Tang, Huan Yu, Xiaoyi Guo, Qiaoqiao Song, Feixue Wei, Jiangding Wang, Caihong Liang, Fengxian Zheng, Hongjuan Li, Huifeng Li, Hongguo Wu, Zhaoxin Lu, Yingying Su, Ting Wu, Shengxiang Ge, Tong-Ming Fu, Jun Zhang, Ningshao Xia
Summary: This study found that saliva screening with saliva and urine confirmation showed good diagnostic accuracy and feasibility for cCMV infection screening. It is recommended to screen within 13 (ideally 5) days of birth and confirm within 21 (ideally 13) days of birth.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-WESTERN PACIFIC
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Hang Su, Xiaohua Ye, Daniel C. Freed, Leike Li, Zhiqiang Ku, Wei Xiong, Peng Gao, Xinli Liu, Diana Montgomery, Weifeng Xu, Amy S. Espeseth, Dai Wang, Ningning Ma, Tong-Ming Fu, Ningyan Zhang, Zhiqiang An
Summary: The study developed a bispecific antibody against HCMV by combining the strengths of two different neutralizing antibodies, showing both broad neutralization capacity and high potency. It demonstrated potential clinical therapeutic effects in multiple cell lines and maintained its activity after 21 days in circulation, providing a proof-of-concept for developing bispecific neutralizing antibody therapies against HCMV infection.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)