Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dimitrios Kotsos, Konstantinos Tziomalos
Summary: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is common in the general population and even more prevalent in obese and diabetic patients. NAFLD, especially nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), increases the risk for liver-related and cardiovascular morbidity. The development and progression of NAFLD involve complex and multifactorial pathogenesis, with potential involvement of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 and -2. Targeting these enzymes may offer a novel therapeutic approach for NAFLD. This review discusses the association between microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 and -2 and NAFLD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Nelufar Yasmen, Madison N. N. Sluter, Lexiao Li, Ying Yu, Jianxiong Jiang
Summary: Status epilepticus (SE) is a condition characterized by prolonged convulsive seizures that are difficult to control. Current antiseizure drugs (ASDs) aim to quickly stop seizures to prevent brain inflammation, injury, and long-term consequences. However, relying solely on acute therapies may not always be possible. The inhibition of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) has shown neuroprotective effects and reduces inflammation in SE, suggesting it as a potential target for adjunctive treatment after SE.
Article
Reproductive Biology
Ramona Bill, Luis P. Carmo, Beatriz Vidondo, Heiko Nathues, Alexander Grahofer
Summary: In this study, the efficacy of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and oxytocin in improving the parturition process in sows was evaluated. Both treatments did not show a significant effect on the farrowing process or piglet vitality compared to untreated sows, but significant differences were found between PGE-2 and oxytocin treatments. Oxytocin-treated sows had significantly shorter farrowing duration compared to sows treated with PGE2, indicating differences in the effects of the two treatments.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Du-Yeol Choi, Yonggyun Kim
Summary: In the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, PGE(2) is localized in the follicular epithelium during early ovarian development. Inhibition of PG biosynthesis during mid-ovarian development leads to the disappearance of PGE(2) signal in the follicular epithelium, resulting in inhibited and malformed chorion formation. Transcriptome analysis revealed significant changes in the expression of genes associated with egg and chorion proteins during mid- and late-ovarian development stages. Inhibition of PG biosynthesis suppressed the expression of chorion-associated genes, while the addition of PGE(2) rescued the gene expressions and promoted choriogenesis.
INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kohji Yamamoto, Aiko Hirowatari
Summary: This study investigated the substrate-binding site of PGES from the silkworm Bombyx mori and identified four residues that contribute to its catalytic activity. The findings have implications in controlling pests by designing rational and efficient pesticides.
Article
Cell Biology
Dandan Zhong, Lingling Quan, Chang Hao, Jingshuo Chen, Ranran Qiao, Tengfei Lin, Changjiang Ying, Dong Sun, Zhanjun Jia, Ying Sun
Summary: The study found that blocking mPGES-2 may be a promising therapeutic strategy for AKI. Deficiency of mPGES-2 can reduce renal dysfunction and morphological damage and inhibit ferroptosis through heme-dependent regulation.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Delong Xu, Jie Cai, Zhi-Kang Wan, Hang Gao, Ying Sun
Summary: The article discusses the role and structure of prostaglandin E synthases, particularly mPGES-1 and mPGES-2, in liver disease pathogenesis, providing new insights and approaches for the treatment of patients with liver diseases.
PROSTAGLANDINS & OTHER LIPID MEDIATORS
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ingrid Elisia, Michelle Yeung, Sara Kowalski, Jennifer Wong, Hossein Rafiei, Roger A. Dyer, Sukhinder Atkar-Khattra, Stephen Lam, Gerald Krystal
Summary: This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of omega 3 fatty acids in reducing inflammation and found that daily intake of 3.6g omega 3 supplements significantly reduces systemic inflammation in individuals at high risk of lung cancer, which is important for lung cancer patients.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Christie A. Schulte, David N. Deaton, Elsie Diaz, Young Do, Robert T. Gampe, Jeffrey H. Guss, Ashley P. Hancock, Heather Hobbs, Simon T. Hodgson, Jason Holt, Michael R. Jeune, Kirsten M. Kahler, H. Fritz Kramer, Joelle Le, Paul N. Mortenson, Caterina Musetti, Robert T. Nolte, Lisa A. Orband-Miller, Gregory E. Peckham, Kim G. Petrov, Beth L. Pietrak, Chuck Poole, Daniel J. Price, Gordon Saxty, Anthony Shillings, Terrence L. Smalley, Don O. Somers, Eugene L. Stewart, J. Darren Stuart, Stephen A. Thomson
Summary: This study identified a distinct class of 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-6-carboxamide H-PGDS inhibitors, with compound 20b showing novel, potent, and orally active properties. The research describes the synthesis and challenges of two classes of inhibitors.
BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Fumiaki Kojima, Hiroki Sekiya, Yuka Hioki, Hitoshi Kashiwagi, Makoto Kubo, Masaki Nakamura, Shotaro Maehana, Yoshitaka Imamichi, Koh-Ichi Yuhki, Fumitaka Ushikubi, Hidero Kitasato, Takafumi Ichikawa
Summary: mPGES-1 is a key enzyme in the production of colonic PGE(2) and its deficiency can exacerbate colitis by affecting colonic T cell-mediated immunity. This suggests that mPGES-1 may impact both intestinal inflammation and T cell-mediated immunity associated with IBD.
INFLAMMATION AND REGENERATION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Fumie Nakashima, Takashi Suzuki, Odaine N. Gordon, Dominic Golding, Toshiaki Okuno, Juan A. Gimenez-Bastida, Takehiko Yokomizo, Claus Schneider
Summary: The collaboration between COX-2 and 5-LOX can convert arachidonic acid into unique prostaglandins. The unstable 5-OH-PGE(2) and 5-OH-PGD(2) can be detected in activated leukocytes after reduction to stable products.
Article
Cell Biology
Peter Rappl, Silvia Roesser, Patrick Maul, Rebekka Bauer, Arnaud Huard, Yannick Schreiber, Dominique Thomas, Gerd Geisslinger, Per-Johan Jakobsson, Andreas Weigert, Bernhard Bruene, Tobias Schmid
Summary: mPGES-1 plays a crucial role in the resolution of acute inflammation, with its inhibition leading to an increase in inflammatory cell numbers. Inhibition of mPGES-1 was found to enhance CX3CR1 expression and promote the production of CX3CL1, affecting the adhesion and survival of M phi.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2021)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Shiyong Huang, Yanfen Xue, Yanhe Ma, Cheng Zhou
Summary: This mini-review provides an overview of the research on IspH, an enzyme involved in the MEP pathway and isoprenoid biosynthesis. It highlights the importance of studying this enzyme for the synthesis of alternative fuels and as a potential drug target for infectious diseases.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zbigniew Malinowski, Emilia Fornal, Anna Stachniuk, Monika Nowak
Summary: In this study, new hydroxy- and anilinoindanone derivatives were synthesized from 3-hydroxybenzo[e]isoindolinone via alkyllithium addition, lactam ring opening, and intramolecular cyclization. The same starting material was also used to prepare new benzo[f]phthalazinone derivatives through multi-step reactions. The structures of the obtained compounds were confirmed using NMR spectra.
Review
Immunology
Gopa Mahesh, Kotha Anil Kumar, Pallu Reddanna
Summary: This article discusses the protective and pathogenic effects of inflammation, as well as the impact of chronic inflammation on disease, including mortality in COVID-19 patients. It also addresses the current forms of anti-inflammatory drugs, their side effects, and research directions. The focus is on exploring strategies to reduce PGE(2) levels in the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs without side effects.
JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Soojung Hahn, Gyuri Kim, Sang-Man Jin, Jae Hyeon Kim
Summary: This study utilized three-dimensional intestinal organoids to investigate the effects of metformin on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and found that metformin can enhance intestinal barrier function and reduce levels of inflammatory cytokines.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
V. V. Sudarev, M. S. Gette, S. V. Bazhenov, O. M. Tilinova, E. V. Zinovev, I. V. Manukhov, A. I. Kuklin, Yu. L. Ryzhykau, A. V. Vlasov
Summary: This study investigated the self-assembly processes of ferritin-based protein complexes and obtained structurally characterized oligomeric states. These results provide new potential and opportunities for the application of ferritin in various fields.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yalda Sabaghi, Farnaz Pourfarzad, Leila Zolghadr, Azita Bahrami, Tahereh Shojazadeh, Alireza Farasat, Nematollah Gheibi
Summary: p-Coumaric acid (p-CA) is a plant compound with anti-cancer activities. This study designed a nano-liposomal carrier containing p-CA to enhance its effectiveness against melanoma cells. The findings showed that the liposomal form of p-CA had a greater impact on the cells. Kinetic modeling indicated that the best fitting model was zero-order.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
M. D. Nazmul Hasan, Md Mahfuzur Rahman, Al Asmaul Husna, Nobuhiro Nozaki, Osamu Yamato, Naoki Miura
Summary: This study investigated the expression of ncRNAs other than miRNAs in different histologic subtypes of canine mammary gland tumors (MGT). Three aberrantly expressed ncRNAs were identified as potential biomarkers for differentiating MGT subtypes. YRNA and tRFs expression levels were found to be decreased in metastatic compared to primary MGT cell lines.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Seine A. Shintani
Summary: In this study, the researchers used signal analysis to study the instantaneous amplitude and phase of sarcomeric oscillations in skeletal muscle. They identified two types of oscillations, sarcomeric oscillations and sarcosynced oscillations, and visualized their behavior during propagating waves. The researchers discovered the presence of sarcomeric defect holes and sarcomeric collision holes, which are important indicators for understanding the oscillation properties of sarcomeres. This finding has important implications for improving our understanding of muscle function and its regulatory mechanisms.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shuanglin Zhang, Yuzhong Jia, Guolan Ma, Yanyan Yang, Zhenzhen Cao, Antao Luo, Zefu Zhang, Shihan Li, Jie Wen, Hanfeng Liu, Jihua Ma
Summary: Bupleurum is an antiarrhythmic agent that may exert its effects by inhibiting L-type calcium channels.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tomotaka Ohkubo, Yasuhiko Matsumoto, Hiroaki Sasaki, Kaoru Kinoshita, Yuki Ogasawara, Takashi Sugita
Summary: This study found that Citrobacter koseri inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis, disrupting the balance between S. epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus, and exacerbating inflammation in atopic dermatitis.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Toshifumi Asano, Philipp Sasse, Takao Nakata
Summary: A Cre recombination-based fluorescent reporter system was developed to monitor cell-cell fusion. The system successfully detected the formation of multinuclear myotubes and placental syncytiotrophoblast. This tool could facilitate the study of cell-to-cell fusion.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ke Shi, Yunlong Shan, Xiao Sun, Kuida Chen, Qiong Luo, Qiang Xu
Summary: This study found that low expression of TP53INP2 is associated with poor survival in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. As the malignancy of CRC progresses, TP53INP2 expression gradually decreases. Knockdown of TP53INP2 promotes CRC cell proliferation and tumor growth. Mechanistically, TP53INP2 deficiency decreases phosphorylation of beta-catenin, leading to increased accumulation and enhanced nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity. Additionally, TP53INP2 sequesters TIM50, inhibiting its activation of beta-catenin. In conclusion, downregulation of TP53INP2 promotes CRC progression by activating beta-catenin.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Martina Rossi, Fabio Tomaselli, Alejandro Hochkoeppler
Summary: Oligomeric enzymes are known for their higher catalytic rates compared to monomeric enzymes, but the extent of additivity in their activity is still not well understood. This study used tetrameric rabbit lactate dehydrogenase as a model to examine the kinetics of its catalytic action. Surprisingly, when the concentration of the limiting reactant exceeded that of a single subunit, there was a significant slowdown in the enzyme's conformational rearrangements.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amin Sahraei, Mohammad Javad Shamsoddini, Fakhrossadat Mohammadi, Leila Hassani
Summary: This study explored the inhibitory effects of gallium curcumin, indium curcumin, and vanadyl curcumin on the amyloid fibrillation of hen egg white lysozyme, as well as the binding interactions of these metal complexes with the enzyme. The results showed that indium curcumin and vanadyl curcumin exhibited higher binding affinities and stronger inhibitory effects on amyloid fibrillation compared to gallium curcumin.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Takahiro Sasaki, Yoshiki Kuse, Shinsuke Nakamura, Masamitsu Shimazawa
Summary: PGRN deficiency plays a significant role in cardiac remodeling and arrhythmias post-myocardial infarction (MI), potentially by promoting metabolic abnormalities in macrophages.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hongwei Zhao, Yiqiang Li, Yibo Zhang, Chi Zhang
Summary: Electrical brain stimulation technology is commonly used to treat brain neurological disorders, but it can cause side effects. This study investigated the impact of electric fields on nerve fibers and revealed the possible origin of side effects. The findings provide guidance for selecting electrical parameters in clinical stimulation therapy.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Julia S. Scott, Lake-Ee Quek, Andrew J. Hoy, Johannes V. Swinnen, Zeyad D. Nassar, Lisa M. Butler
Summary: The fatty acid elongation enzyme ELOVL5 plays a critical role in promoting metastasis in prostate cancer. Knocking down ELOVL5 leads to the accumulation of malonyl-CoA, which inhibits fatty acid oxidation in mitochondria. This study highlights the importance of fatty acid elongation in regulating cell viability and provides a potential target for prostate cancer treatment.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zan Zhou, Wen-jun Jiang, Li Li, Jun-qiang Si
Summary: This study investigates the effect of noise exposure on cognitive function in mice and explores the underlying molecular mechanisms. The findings suggest that noise exposure leads to increased inflammation, increased phosphorylation of Tau protein, and decreased levels of postsynaptic density protein, resulting in cognitive impairment.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)